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最新 AI 行业动态、产品发布和技术前沿
从零开始预训练，蚂蚁灵波发布具身原生世界动作模型LingBot-VA 2.0
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Claude、Cursor、OpenClaw 集体上手机，不摸鱼、不请假、24h 为你打工
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“300行代码写个Cursor，这是AI时代软件工程师的新底线。”Ralph Loop创造者、Claude Code核心技术设计者的暴论
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Native-speed vLLM transformers modeling backend
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开源模型赢了 Token 流量，Anthropic 赚走了大部分钱
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《进球、切片、全网爆：如何打造一座跑赢热搜的赛事“AI短视频工厂”？》
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SFT「不完全学习」之后，研究的下一个前沿在哪？ACL 2026 腾讯混元论文未来方向展望
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HeroUI v3 正式发布，针对 React 和 React Native 从头进行了重写，并基于 Tailwind CSS v4 构建
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50FPS、成本打掉70%，魔芯MoWorld把世界模型带进产业时代
华为联想都投了
具身智能“高考”难疯了！人类100分，最强模型12.8
具身测评界的珠峰来了：RoboDojo
大模型推理也能“智能调度”：让奖励模型按需分配算力的动态路由机制 | ACL 2026
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大多数 AI slop 应用会很快停止维护和抛弃
由于涌入了大量低质量的 AI 生成应用，Linux 软件仓库 Flathub 于五月底宣布停止接受此类 AI 生成应用。审核递交到 Flathub 的应用是一个吃力不讨好的工作，当审核者试图与 AI 生成应用递交者沟通时，却发现对方使用的是 AI 智能体，回复都是答非所问。一位审核者对此评论说，“纯粹是噪音和浪费时间”。从 2026 年 1 月开始，Flathub 将此类应用打上了 AI Slop 的标签。知名 Linux 开发者 Evangelos“GeopJr”Paterakis 调查了 过去半年标记为 AI slop 的 120 个应用，32 个仍在维护，88 个已被抛弃，大多数都彻底删除了，部分应用在递交到 Flathub 后就停止了维护。
虚拟座谈会：机器时代的安全——专家解读 AI 威胁的演变
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横跨淘天与ATH事业群，硬核少年技术节下周京杭同步开幕，四项AIGX硬核成果齐发
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“人机共生，产需共融”——2026世界机器人大会新闻发布会在京召开
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Microsoft 365 Copilot 普及率不到 4.5%
微软花了三年时间将 Copilot 深入集成到 Windows 11 和 Office 中，但数据显示用户使用率并不高。在 4.5 亿 Microsoft 365 订阅服务的商业客户中，只有 4.5% 的人付费使用 Copilot，而这些付费用户只有 20% 到 30% 会每周打开 Copilot。这意味着 Copilot 的周活跃用户数仅占 Microsoft 365 总用户数的 1%。Copilot 负责人 Jacob Andreou 在一份内部备忘录中称，Copilot 必须证明自己存在的价值。值得说明的是 Copilot 是指需要额外付费的 AI 服务，而 Copilot Chat 则是 Microsoft 365 用户可免费使用的 AI 服务，它的使用率比较高。
Target 推出基于 LLM 的语义匹配系统，提升营销预测流程效率
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别让AI一上来就“进厂打螺丝”：智源悟界·Orca要先教模型理解世界如何变化
Hugging Face论文月榜第一
翁荔新博客提出「自进化先从Harness开始」，DeepSeek崔添翼转发附议
崔添翼：这个方向很容易出成果
阿里斩获国际AI顶会最佳资源论文奖，提出Agent评测新范式
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高德发布Phys AI Data：首个面向物理AI训练与应用的一站式空间数据基座
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智能伙伴 共创未来！WAIC 2026即将举行并首发主题片
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DeepSeek秘密造芯！专攻推理，一年前已启动，招聘全程不公开
已与芯片设计公司、晶圆代工厂和存储器供应商展开接洽
Prompt-to-Paper: Agentic AI System for Bioinformatics
arXiv:2607.05456v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While recent advances in large language models have enabled end-to-end automated manuscript generation, existing systems suffer from three critical deficiencies: (i) generated claims are not deterministically grounded in verifiable literature, (ii) experimental results are frequently fabricated rather than executed, and (iii) there exists no standardized, multi-dimensional framework to assess whether AI-generated manuscripts meet the quality and r
From Graphs to Gradients: Physics-Inspired Structural Attribution for Cyber-Physical IoT Systems and Beyond
arXiv:2607.05563v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interpretable explanation methods in Artificial Intelligence aim to uncover the underlying causes and their effects, enabling a deeper understanding of why a system behaves in a certain way under different inputs. Unlike traditional explainability methods, which mainly highlight correlations between input and output variables, causal explanation focuses on interventional questions. By doing so, it provides more robust insights, helping users under
Narrative World Model: Narratology-Grounded Writer Memory for Long-Form Fiction
arXiv:2607.05577v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-form fiction writers need memory that answers multi-hop questions about evolving story state: who knows a secret and when they learned it, whether an event preceded the narration that revealed it, whether a setup paid off, and how a relationship shifted. General-purpose retrieval and agent-memory systems represent entities and facts but not the narratological structure these questions turn on, so they surface the wrong evidence or none at all
FirstResearch: Auditable Question Formation for LLM Scientific Discovery Agents
arXiv:2607.05682v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM systems for scientific discovery increasingly assist with ideation, literature synthesis, experiment planning, and report generation, but the first research question they propose can remain difficult to audit: it may sound plausible without exposing the mechanism, falsifier, or assumption that a scientist should inspect. We introduce FirstResearch, a first-principles research-question formation framework for scientific LLM agents whose core ar
Memory in the Loop: In-Process Retrieval as ExtendedWorking Memory for Language Agents
arXiv:2607.05690v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language agents run a loop - observe, reason, act - but the memory they reason over sits outside it: a store queried at most once per turn. We study the regime where memory moves inside the loop, read and written on every step. The obstacle has always been latency: networked stores answer in tens to hundreds of milliseconds, and in-loop retrieval can inflate end-to-end latency by up to 83x when retrieval is expensive. Prior work manages that cost
Akashic: A Low-Overhead LLM Inference Service with MemAttention
arXiv:2607.05708v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent LLM-based agent systems continuously accumulate context across multi-turn interactions, tool invocations, and cross-session workflows. Replaying the full history for every request quickly becomes impractical: long contexts increase prefill cost, may exceed context limits, and often bury task-relevant evidence in irrelevant content, degrading both serving efficiency and output quality. We propose Akashic, a low-overhead memory system built a
ArtisanCAD: An Industrial-Level CAD Agent with Expert-Grounded Knowledge Distillation
arXiv:2607.05750v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computer-aided design (CAD) for industrial components requires long-horizon procedural modeling, robust feature dependencies, editable parametric geometry, and production-grade B-Rep execution. Existing text-to-CAD methods have made promising progress in generating CAD programs from natural-language descriptions, but they still struggle when user prompts are ambiguous, underspecified, or only describe high-level design intent. They also rarely exp
Synthetic Consumer Insight Generation with Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.05761v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern data-driven marketing relies on large amounts of consumer data, yet collecting such data can be costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale. This research examines whether large language models (LLMs) can be used to generate synthetic consumer data for projective techniques, a set of methods designed to elicit consumer associations, emotions, wants, and needs. We test LLM-generated responses across multiple projective tasks, LLMs, prompt
Beyond the Leaderboard: A Synthesis of Tool-Use, Planning, and Reasoning Failures in Large Language Model Agents
arXiv:2607.05775v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly evaluated on their ability to use tools, plan multi-step tasks, coordinate with other agents, and operate over extended horizons. Reported benchmark gains often obscure recurring failure modes documented across otherwise unrelated evaluation efforts. This paper synthesizes 27 benchmark, taxonomy, and audit papers (2023-2026), spanning 19 distinct benchmarks, into a cross-cutting taxonomy of agent
Controlling Tool Use with Heading-Specific Activation Steering
arXiv:2607.05790v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool-augmented large language models extend their capabilities beyond parametric knowledge through external tools, but tend to invoke them unnecessarily. We investigate whether tool-use decisions have any stable internal representation that can be extracted and manipulated, a question that is non-trivial given that tools exist entirely in context at inference time and have no direct encoding in model weights. We show that steering vectors extracte
From Passive Retrieval to Active Memory Navigation: Learning to Use Memory as a Structured Action Space
arXiv:2607.05794v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term user memory is essential for personalized conversational agents, yet many memory systems still expose memory through passive retrieval interfaces, making the model a consumer of pre-selected evidence. We introduce NapMem, a framework for learning to use long-term user memory as a structured action space rather than passively retrieved context. NapMem organizes user history into a linked multi-granularity memory pyramid, where raw convers
Onnes: A Physics-Grounded Multi-Agent LLM Simulator for Cryogenic Fault Diagnosis in Quantum Computing Infrastructure
arXiv:2607.05805v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dilution refrigerators are the enabling infrastructure of superconducting quantum computers, yet their fault diagnosis is still dominated by threshold alarms that report that something is wrong, not what. We present Onnes, a physics-grounded digital-twin simulator of a dilution refrigerator (a forward physics model with a learned real-fridge noise fingerprint) that drives a live multi-agent LLM operations layer, and use it for a controlled head-to
StateFuse: Deterministic Conflict-Preserving Memory for Multi-Agent Systems
arXiv:2607.05844v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent systems accumulate conflicting observations across branches, retries, and replicas, yet many practical memory layers still collapse disagreement behind overwrite rules that are difficult to inspect or correct. We present StateFuse, a conflict-aware replicated memory contract built on standard OpSet/CRDT merge. StateFuse does not introduce a new join algebra; it defines an agent-facing semantics layer with immutable history, explicit conflict
Uncovering Latent Depression Severity for Binary Depression Detection via Advantage-weighting Ranking
arXiv:2607.05901v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic depression detection using audio-visual data faces significant challenges, particularly in disentangling overlapping feature distributions and establishing robust decision boundaries. To address this, we propose a fine-grained multimodal framework featuring a temporal encoder and a mutual transformer to facilitate deep cross-modal fusion. Our core contribution is the Binary Advantage-weighting Ranking Loss, which optimizes the latent spa
PCBWorld: A Benchmark Environment for Engine-Grounded PCB Design Automation
arXiv:2607.05915v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: PCB routing is the task of connecting the nets of a board with copper traces under strict design rules, yet learning-based methods still lag behind rule-based routers. We introduce PCBWorld, an open-source engine-grounded PCB routing environment built on the KiCad EDA engine. As a human engineer does, agents in PCBWorld interactively route a board through the engine's native operations, using its Design Rule Check (DRC) feedback to keep the routin
SearchEyes: Towards Frontier Multimodal Deep Search Intelligence via Search World Simulation
arXiv:2607.05943v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training multimodal search agents to perform multi-hop reasoning remains challenging due to a fundamental structural disconnect: existing pipelines construct training data, search environments, and reward signals independently, causing synthesized structural metadata to be discarded, environments to rely on irreproducible external engines, and RL rewards to remain sparse at the trajectory level. We present \textbf{SearchEyes}, which uses a typed k
Integrating knowledge graphs and multilingual scholarly corpora for domain-adaptive LLMs in SSH
arXiv:2607.05956v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into scientific research workflows, particularly for bibliographic discovery and literature synthesis, raises significant methodological, epistemic and regulatory challenges for the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), especially with regard to disciplinary diversity, multilingual access to sources and the evaluation of results. This paper presents an on-going use case developed within the European
Auto-DSM Under the Lens: A Black-Box Evaluation Framework for LLM-Based DSM Generation
arXiv:2607.05985v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents a black-box evaluation framework to systematically assess the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate Design Structure Matrices (DSMs) from structured technical documentation. Motivated by the closed-source nature of current Auto-DSM pipelines, the framework introduces a reproducible methodology that benchmarks generated DSMs (GEN-DSMs) against manually validated ground-truth matrices (GT-DSMs). The evaluation integ
AgoraSim: A Hybrid Agent-Based Modeling Framework
arXiv:2607.05999v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-agent simulations make natural-language social scenarios easy to instantiate, but their outputs can be overread as predictions and are often difficult to compare with explicit social dynamics. We present AgoraSim, a hybrid agent-based modeling framework for scenario-oriented social reaction analysis. AgoraSim resolves textual or multimodal artifacts into editable ABM configurations, runs ratio-controlled populations that mix LLM, vision-langua
Information Limits and Attractor Dynamics in Economies of Frontier LLM Agents: A Pre-Registered Test
arXiv:2607.06001v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We report a pre-registered, two-part experiment on small economies of frontier language-model agents (Claude Opus 4.8), testing two quantitative predictions about coupled multi-agent systems: an information-theoretic capacity region for wealth growth under market coupling, and a mean-field residual-scaling law for population misalignment under incentive and control levers. All predictions, acceptance bands, and decision rules were frozen in a publ
How Personas Can Influence Agents to Play Split or Steal
arXiv:2607.05398v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personas are often employed to guide large language model agents, yet their effectiveness in shaping strategic behavior in social dilemma settings remains uncertain. To address this, we examined the impact of persona prompts in an iterated Split or Steal game where persona-driven agents interacted with a Virtual Human (VH) controlled by a fixed prompt. Agents were instantiated from four open models (Ministral 3:3b, phi4:14b, Gemma3:12b, and Gemma4
Benchmarking KV-Cache Optimizations across Task Quality and System Performance for Long-Context Serving
arXiv:2607.05399v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model serving is increasingly limited by KV-cache growth under long-context workloads, yet existing KV-cache compression techniques are difficult to compare because they were evaluated on different models, tasks, budgets, and serving stacks. This paper presents a workload-aware benchmark of representative KV-cache optimization mechanisms spanning quantization, pruning, and merging, including KIVI, TurboQuant, SnapKV, and CaM, evalua
Text Distance from Nested and Hierarchical Repetitions: A Compression-Based Perspective
arXiv:2607.05416v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a new method for structural sequence analysis grounded in Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT). At its core is the Ladderpath approach, which extracts nested and hierarchical relationships among repeated substructures in linguistic sequences -- an instantiation of AIT's principle of describing data through minimal generative programs. These structures are then used to define three distance measures: a normalized compression distance (NC
Most LLM Conformity Needs No Speaker: Measuring the Speaker-Free Floor in Peer-Pressure Benchmarks
arXiv:2607.05545v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM conformity is often used to describe cases where a model changes a correct answer toward a peer or group response. We show that most of this apparent conformity survives even after the peer is removed. The reason is a confound: standard conformity prompts mix two cues at once, the presence of a speaker and the repeated wrong answer itself. Existing benchmarks vary these cues together, so they cannot tell how much of the revision actually depen
The yes-no bias of large language models reflects answer order and wording, not shifts in moral judgment
arXiv:2607.05552v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly issue judgments read as binary verdicts, and a growing literature reports such judgments shifting under logically irrelevant changes of wording - among them an amplified yes-no bias on moral dilemmas, absent in humans. A single framing cannot say what such a shift is: in a yes/no question the word "no" is at once logical verdict, lexical token, and last-printed option. We introduce a psychometric battery t
ResonatorLM: Causal Resonant Field Mixing for Efficient Long-Context Language Modelin
arXiv:2607.05583v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Contemporary language models are dominated by the transformer architecture, which leverages self-attention mechanisms to enable more efficient, parallelized training across a wide set of documents and corpora. This has allowed transformers to effectively model data across a wide range of modalities and contexts. However, transformers, along with their conventional counterparts such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural netwo
BaFCo: A Document Understanding Benchmark for Complex Bangla Form Comprehension
arXiv:2607.05614v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Document comprehension is a challenging yet impactful task for Multimodal Large Language Models, especially as these systems see growing adoption in real-world, human-centric applications. However, this adoption is limited for low-resource languages such as Bangla due to the scarcity of high-quality annotated data. To address this gap, we introduce BaFCo, a benchmark dataset for Bangla form comprehension with a focus on Document Layout Analysis (D
NAVER LABS System Re-implementation for the IWSLT 2026 Instruction-Following Task
arXiv:2607.05623v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We re-implement the NAVER LABS IWSLT 2025 instruction-following pipeline for the IWSLT 2026 Shared Task (constrained condition, short audio track), adapting it to the mandated components: SeamlessM4T-v2-large as the speech encoder and Qwen3-4B-Instruct as the LLM backbone. The three-stage approach projector alignment, text-only LoRA pre-training, and multimodal merging is preserved from the original design. We additionally construct 100k synthetic
Population-Level Profiling of DSM-5 Depressive Symptoms Among Self-Reported ADHD and ASD Users on Twitter: An Exploratory Study Using Advanced NLP and Statistical Analysis
arXiv:2607.05626v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Background: Depression frequently co-occurs with ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but population-level differences in symptom expression between these groups remain underexplored. Objective: We examined whether social media users with ADHD and ASD differ in how they express DSM-5 depressive symptoms in their tweets, and whether differences persist across varying levels of depressive-content filtering. Methods: We analysed 1,282,437 tweets
Do It Right! A Methodology for Successful NLP System Development
arXiv:2607.05644v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Natural language processing (NLP) is a common method for supplying data to clinical research and decision making by extracting information from electronic medical records. Numerous textbooks and tutorials describe specific algorithms and applications for text processing, yet algorithmic knowledge is only one ingredient of a successful NLP project. Drawing on the available literature, this paper presents a stepwise approach that applies the Systems
RPAM: A Principled Metric for Evaluating Associations in Language Models with High Predictive Validity in Downstream Outputs
arXiv:2607.05679v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models (LMs) exhibit problematic biases, such as stereotypes. Effectively analyzing and mitigating such biases requires accurate and generalizable evaluation methods of the underlying associations. Some existing approaches focus on downstream metrics that analyze associations in generated text. Since generated text content can vary drastically across LMs, such metrics often require specialized evaluation datasets, which limits the general
Where to cut, how deep: BPE and Unigram-LM on chemistry SMILES
arXiv:2607.05691v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Every chemical language model reading SMILES begins with a tokenizer, yet the field has inherited byte-pair encoding (BPE) from natural language with little scrutiny. In natural language, BPE's principal alternative, Unigram-LM, is known to build structurally different vocabularies. Whether that contrast survives in chemistry was open. We report a controlled comparison of BPE and Unigram-LM over a fixed 165-token chemistry base, at the small vocab
SpanUQ: Span-Level Uncertainty Quantification for Large Language Model Generation
arXiv:2607.05721v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Uncertainty estimation is essential not only for the trustworthy deployment of large language models (LLMs) but also as a foundation for self-refinement in LLM generation. However, existing approaches operate at suboptimal granularities: token-level scores lack semantic coherence, while sequence-level scores fail to localize errors. We formalize Span-Level Uncertainty Estimation (SLUE), a new task that targets the natural granularity for uncertain
Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion: A Tri-Mode Language Model Unifying Autoregressive, Diffusion, and Self-Speculation Decoding
arXiv:2607.05722v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion, a tri-mode language model (LM) that unifies AR, diffusion, and self-speculation decoding within a single architecture. Trained with a joint AR-diffusion objective, Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion can switch modes to sustain high throughput across deployment settings and concurrency levels. Our study shows that (1) AR and diffusion objectives are complementary: diffusion improves lookahead planning, while AR provides l
Inject or Navigate? Token-Efficient Retrieval for LLM Analysis of Transactional Legal Documents
arXiv:2607.05764v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Answering questions over a set of transactional legal documents is most simply done by injecting the whole corpus into the LLM's context window on every query. That baseline maximises retrieval recall, but its token footprint scales with the corpus rather than the question, and long-context degradation scales with it. We report what it took to replace full-corpus injection in a legal-document analysis system, comparing it against two structured re
CoPiT: Cognitive Pivot Translation for Digraphic Low-Resource Mongolian in the Traditional Script
arXiv:2607.05849v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Low-resource languages remain challenging for machine translation, and Mongolian is a representative case. As a digraphic language, Mongolian is written in both Cyrillic and Traditional scripts, which exhibit a severe imbalance in data availability. While the Cyrillic script is relatively well-resourced, the Traditional script remains extremely data-scarce and orthographically ambiguous, leading to substantial performance degradation in direct tra
Mitigating Factual Hallucination in Large Reasoning Models via Mixed-Mode Advantage Regularization
arXiv:2607.05861v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large reasoning models (LRMs) improve language model capabilities by generating explicit thinking traces before final answers. In factuality-oriented question answering (QA), such thinking often improves overall performance by helping the model recover relevant knowledge and refine its answers. However, we find that this benefit is not uniform at the instance level: explicit thinking can also overturn correct non-thinking answers and lead to factu
Is Domain Adaptation Always Helpful? A Frozen-Backbone Study of Cross-Domain Sentiment Transfer
arXiv:2607.05937v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sentiment analysis with frozen pre-trained language model (PLM) backbones has become a common paradigm, yet the practical benefit of explicit domain adaptation remains unclear, particularly when backbones encode varying degrees of target-domain knowledge. We present a preliminary case study evaluating a controlled family of frozen embedding backbones (Qwen3-Embedding 0.6B, 4B, 8B), alongside RoBERTa-base and FinBERT. We train a lightweight MLP ada
Umm... With Transformers? Insights from Filled Pause Use across Four Slavic Parliaments
arXiv:2607.05964v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Filled pauses (FPs) are a universal feature of spontaneous speech, yet most studies rely on small, single-language corpora, limiting the generalisability of their findings. We analyse ~4,000 hours of parliamentary speech across four related Slavic languages (Croatian, Czech, Polish, Serbian). FP occurrence is obtained via transformer-based automatic detection, while FP rate is modelled using Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) with Mundlak corr
InfluMatch: Frontier-Quality KOL Search at 4B-Model Cost
arXiv:2607.05968v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Matching influencers (KOLs) to free-form, multi-part Thai marketing criteria is today served either by keyword search over structured profiles, which misses semantic fit, or by prompting frontier LLMs over every candidate, which is accurate but slow and expensive. We present InfluMatch, a low-cost three-stage cascade -- retrieval $\rightarrow$ rerank $\rightarrow$ reason -- built entirely from small open-weight models: dense retrieval returns 50 c
CanvasAgent: Enabling Complex Image Creation and Editing via Visual Tool Orchestration
arXiv:2607.05465v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Complex image creation and editing often require more than a single generation or editing model. A user request may involve synthesizing images, localizing objects, segmenting regions, editing selected content, compositing intermediate assets, reading text, and enhancing the final result. Such tasks shift multimodal agents from perception-augmented reasoning to manipulation-centered visual creation, where tools must actively transform visual state
Binocular Gaze Estimation with Single Camera and Single Light Source
arXiv:2607.05473v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: According to commonly consented theories, the minimum hardware requirement for gaze tracker is one camera and two light sources to realize gaze estimation with free head movements. However, in some scenarios such as eye tracking on mobile devices, it is preferable to use less components, especially light sources. We propose a gaze estimation method with one camera and one light source. A "virtual light source" is introduced, which is geometrically
Ground3D-LMM: Fine-Grained 3D Point Grounding and Spatial Reasoning with LMM
arXiv:2607.05493v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Natural-language queries about 3D environments become actionable when responses are verifiable and metric. Verifiability requires explicit grounding to the referred 3D region, while metric answers report physical measurements in real-world units (e.g., size, thickness, clearance, and distance). Existing 3D large multimodal models (LMMs) approaches remain limited: conversational systems typically respond without explicit 3D grounding, while 3D grou
Light-Omni: Reflex over Reasoning in Agentic Video Understanding with Long-Term Memory
arXiv:2607.05511v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic video understanding equips models with long-term memory to autonomously process and respond to continuous, long-horizon multimodal streams. However, advanced video agents often rely on ``detective-style'' iterative reasoning for action control (e.g., $\mathtt{search}$) and evidence aggregation, incurring prohibitive costs and latency. We argue that such heavy reasoning primarily compensates for the lack of global context and semantic misal
Statistical Adversaries: Natural Backdoor-like Features in Vision Datasets
arXiv:2607.05516v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Model-specific adversarial attacks have been extensively studied. We study a different failure mode: naturally occurring statistical signals in vision data that can behave like backdoor-like triggers without being maliciously inserted. We call these signals statistical adversaries. We analyse Imagenet to find patterns that are strongly linked to certain labels. We then use statistical controls to remove random correlations from our candidate signa
Patch Knowledge Transfer for Efficient AI-Generated Image Quality Assessment
arXiv:2607.05605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the rapid advancement of image generation technologies, perceptual quality assessment of AI-generated images has emerged as a crucial research direction in computer vision. The core challenge of this task lies in achieving efficient quality assessment for massive generated images. Current mainstream approaches exhibit two key limitations: 1) Methods employing complex feature extraction strategies, while improving performance, incur prohibitiv
Taxlifier: Leveraging Disease Taxonomy for Enhanced Multi-Label Classification in Chest Radiography
arXiv:2607.05628v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate and efficient classification of thoracic diseases in chest X-ray (CXR) images is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. However, the presence of multiple pathologies with overlapping visual characteristics poses significant challenges for automated classification systems. In this study, we propose two novel hierarchical multi-label classification techniques, namely the loss-based and logit-based methods, to address these challenges b
Recovering Cloud Microstructures with Cascaded Diffusion Inversion
arXiv:2607.05637v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-resolution satellite imagery is critical for observing fine-scale cloud structures that inform weather modification strategies like cloud seeding for rain-enhancement. However, the spatial resolution of current geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites is often insufficient for capturing small cloud features. Current super-resolution methodologies are suited for natural images and, therefore, struggle to generalize to satellite-captured spe
VEIL: How Visual Encoding Hijacking Induces Bias In Vision Models
arXiv:2607.05641v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rendering time series as chart images for CNN-based classification has become increasingly common in time-series classification (TSC). However, it remains unclear whether models learn underlying temporal patterns or rely on encoding-specific visual cues introduced by chart design. We present VEIL: a systematic study examining how chart encodings influence learned representations through complementary analyses of similarity, transferability, and at
REVIVE: A Multi-Modal Framework for Vandalism Detection and Recovery in Autonomous Vehicles
arXiv:2607.05649v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) face increasing threats from vandalism-induced occlusion attacks (VOAs) that compromise camera-based perception. While detection frameworks can identify vandalized images, restoring camera-stream utility after physical occlusion remains underexplored. This paper presents present the Recovery and Enhancement of Vandalized Images for Vision Excellence (REVIVE) framework, a vandalism recovery pipeline integrating: (1) binary
Clustered Codebook Quantization for 2D Gaussian-based Image Compression
arXiv:2607.05667v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Gaussian-based image representations effectively model image content using compact parametric primitives while preserving high visual fidelity, yet storing a large number of floating-point parameters per primitive degrades rate-distortion efficiency at higher fidelity targets. To improve the rate-distortion performance in Gaussian representation, we present our Cluster-Guided Vector Quantization (CGVQ), a Gaussian primitive based image compression
Robust Face Super-Resolution and Recognition Through Multi-Feature Aggregation in Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.05702v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Images acquired in surveillance environments often suffer from conditions such as low resolution, variations in pose, irregular illumination, and occlusions. Due to the low quality of these images, face recognition algorithms often struggle. This major limitation can be addressed by employing super-resolution techniques that enhance the details of the image. However, due to the high degree of difficulty of the problem, most super-resolution algori
Scene Graph Thinking: Reinforcing Structured Visual Reasoning for Multimodal Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.05716v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong perception and reasoning capabilities. However, most existing models focus on isolated objects and neglect structured relationships for efficient target navigation, limiting their performance on visually intensive tasks. To address this challenge, we introduce Scene Graph Thinking (SaGe), a novel paradigm that enables fine-grained and structured visual reasoning through explicit sce
Association Restoration Test: Revealing Restorable Shortcuts after Unlearning
arXiv:2607.05726v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Association unlearning aims to disable learned label-attribute shortcuts while preserving task performance. Existing evaluations mainly measure output-level robustness or probe whether shortcut attributes remain readable in frozen features, but neither test determines whether a retained association remains functionally usable by the original classifier. We propose the Association Restoration Test (ART), a post-hoc diagnostic for functional shortcu
SAMPLe: SAM-based Optimizer for Prompt Learning in VLMs
arXiv:2607.05727v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have proven highly effective as foundation models for various downstream applications. However, prompt learning in VLMs encounters a performance-generalization dilemma: while prompts can be tuned to achieve high accuracy on seen distributions, this tuning process often undermines their generalizability to unseen data. The limited set of learnable prompts, which contextualize and condition the inp
ARMS: Anchor-Relational Motion Streaming for Seamless Solo-Social Motion Transitions
arXiv:2607.05733v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generating temporally continuous and socially coherent human motion from text remains a fundamental challenge, particularly in realistic streams where people act alone, enter interactions, and later disengage. Most existing methods generate fixed-length motion clips under static agent configurations, which makes them brittle to solo-social transitions and unsuitable for incremental generation over long horizons. We propose ARMS, an Anchor-Relation
Optimized Adaptive Loop Filter in Versatile Video Coding
arXiv:2607.05737v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the Versatile Video Coding~(VVC) standard, adaptive loop filter~(ALF), including Geometry transformation-based Adaptive Loop Filter~(GALF) and Cross Component Adaptive Loop Filter~(CCALF), plays an essential role in reducing compression artifacts. However, it also has high coding complexity and requires many picture buffer accesses in the encoder that will increase external memory access and is unfriendly to the software and hardware design. Th
Image2Sim: Scaling Embodied Navigation via Generative Neural Simulator
arXiv:2607.05765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Embodied navigation aims to build agents that interpret multimodal goals, reason in 3D space, and reach target destinations reliably in the real world. However, progress remains constrained by the lack of scalable, high-fidelity, and physically grounded interactive environments. Although real-world scanned datasets offer visual realism, they are limited by scale. In contrast, synthetic simulators scale more easily but often exhibit large sim-to-re
LEGATO 2: Toward Multimodal Sheet Music Recognition and Understanding
arXiv:2607.05769v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose a novel pipeline, Legato 2, for extracting symbolic notation and semantic knowledge from images of sheet music. Legato 2 features the first large-scale neural model for optical music recognition (OMR) to operate sequentially on a system-by-system basis, following the horizontal lines of notation as they are read on the page, rather than treating the page as an undifferentiated image, enabling better scaling to arbitrarily long inputs. I
Segmentation before Answering: Pixel Grounding for MLLM Visual Reasoning
arXiv:2607.05798v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have evolved from static perception to interleaved visual-language reasoning, often referred to as ``thinking with images''. A basic operation in this reasoning process is to zoom in on regions of interest (often represented with bounding boxes) to acquire finer visual details. In this paper, we propose \textbf{Seg}mentation before \textbf{Answer}ing (SegAnswer), which shifts the unit
Modality Relevance is not Modality Utility: Post-hoc Selective Modality Escalation for Cost-Aware Multimodal RAG
arXiv:2607.05438v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) grounds a generator in evidence drawn from heterogeneous modalities -- text, tables, and images. The dominant deployment choice is binary and made before the model has tried to answer: either run a cheap text(+table) pipeline, or pay for an expensive vision-language model (VLM) over every image. Recent adaptive systems improve on this by selecting the modality or fidelity pre-retrieval, from a questi
PORTS: Preference-Optimized Retrievers for Tool Selection with Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.05441v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Integrating external tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising paradigm for accomplishing complex tasks. Since LLMs still struggle to effectively manage large tool collections, researchers have begun exploring retrieval-based methods to pre-select the most relevant options, addressing input length and latency constraints. However, existing retrievers are often misaligned with tool-calling LLMs due to their separate trainin
Scientific Code Search at Scale: A Multi-Domain Dataset and Benchmark
arXiv:2607.05443v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientists increasingly rely on open-source tools to support their research workflows, yet discovering relevant software among over 600 million GitHub repositories remains challenging. Existing code search benchmarks focus on general software engineering tasks and fail to capture the domain-specific vocabulary and needs of scientific computing. We present a curated corpus of 5,264 high-quality, domain-classified scientific repositories spanning fi
Prompting Beats Fine-Tuning: Generative Expected Value Scoring for Statutory Term Retrieval
arXiv:2607.05582v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Legal concepts in statutes are often expressed using vague terms, and practitioners frequently turn to case law to interpret them. We study the task of ranking case-law sentences by their usefulness for explaining a concept or target statutory term, using an established dataset of 26,959 sentences covering 42 U.S. Code concepts labeled into four explanatory-value categories. We compare two families of methods: (i) supervised fine-tuning of encoder
Retrieving a Set, Not Independent Passages: Set-Level Compatibility Learning for Efficient Set Exploration
arXiv:2607.05712v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-hop question answering and retrieval-augmented reasoning require selecting evidence passages that are jointly useful for answering a query. However, most retrievers still score passages independently or make locally supervised sequential decisions, which can fail when evidence usefulness depends on compatibility among passages. LLM-based set selection can model such interactions, but its computational cost limits practical use. We address th
SCOReD: Student-Aware CoT Optimization for Recommendation Distillation
arXiv:2607.05734v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation in the recommendation domain is a necessary precursor to RL training, but raw teacher traces are ill-suited to this task. Large teachers approach the recommendation task with unusually high reasoning uncertainty, repeatedly rechecking their answers without revising them; supervised fine-tuning on such traces produces verbose students that never revise their initial guess. Furthermore, due to the novelty of the r
CMDR: Contextual Multimodal Document Retrieval
arXiv:2607.05927v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal document retrieval aims to retrieve relevant pages while preserving both textual and visual content from the original document. However, existing benchmarks primarily evaluate simple lexical or semantic matching, and most methods encode pages independently. Consequently, they overlook the contextual information in the document required to resolve queries that aggregate information across multiple pages. In this paper, we introduce CMDR
Faithful or Findable? Evaluating LLM-Generated Metadata for RDF Dataset Search
arXiv:2607.05970v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dataset search depends heavily on metadata, making LLM-generated metadata a consequential form of synthetic content in retrieval systems. We study six metadata-generation settings for RDF datasets, ranging from simple rewriting to profile-grounded and agentic graph-based generation, and evaluate them jointly for retrieval effectiveness and faithfulness. Unconstrained metadata rewriting delivers the strongest retrieval gains over the original metad
Learn to Pool: Lightweight Fine-Tuning for Flexible Multi-Vector Compression
arXiv:2607.06036v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Late interaction models have shown strong generalization capabilities, often outperforming much larger dense embedding models. One challenge to their widespread deployment is the large number of token vectors they produce per document and the associated storage and memory costs. Pooling tokens at inference time has shown great promise to reduce the vector count with limited effects on retrieval accuracy. Large-scale pooling-aware training has demo
Linking Hadith Narrator Identities Across Heterogeneous Arabic Biographical Databases: A Multi-Signal Entity Resolution Pipeline
arXiv:2607.05424v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The transmission chains (sanad) of Islamic Hadith literature encode relationships among tens of thousands of historical narrators whose biographical records are dispersed across independently maintained digital databases that share no common identifier. We present a two-phase entity resolution pipeline that links narrator names from the Sanadset 650K corpus - 650,986 Hadith records from 926 books containing 185,216 unique narrator name variants
LLMs Meet Isolation Kernel: Lightweight, Learning-free Binary Embeddings for Fast Retrieval
arXiv:2601.09159v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have recently enabled remarkable progress in text representation. However, their embeddings are typically high-dimensional, leading to substantial storage and retrieval overhead. Although recent approaches such as Matryoshka Representation Learning (MRL) and Contrastive Sparse Representation (CSR) alleviate these issues to some extent, they still suffer from retrieval accuracy degradation. This paper proposes Isola
IUU+DB: Tracking Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing, Seafood Fraud, and Labor Abuse through LLM-driven Information Extraction
arXiv:2606.18181v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUU) traditionally refers to fishing activities that violate applicable laws or occur in areas that lack applicable laws. We propose the term IUU+ to capture a broader suite of fisheries sector environmental and associated supply chain trade-related crimes and behaviors. Although IUU+ activity is widely recognized as a serious threat to marine ecosystems, markets, and livelihoods, a quantitative un
Probability-turbulence divergence: A tunable allotaxonometric instrument for comparing heavy-tailed categorical distributions
arXiv:2008.13078v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Real-world complex systems often comprise many distinct types of elements as well as many more types of networked interactions between elements. When the relative abundances of types can be measured well, we often observe heavy-tailed categorical distributions for type frequencies. For the comparison of type frequency distributions of two systems or a system with itself at different time points in time -- a facet of allotaxonometry -- a
OrchANN: Hierarchical Orchestration for Skewed Out-of-Core Vector Search
arXiv:2512.22838v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: At billion scale, approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) often becomes an out-of-core problem: the full vector collection and index structures exceed memory capacity, making query performance dominated by SSD accesses and DRAM-SSD data movement. Existing systems struggle to strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency: physical-overlap methods replicate vectors or index entries across partitions, enlarging the SSD-resident index
Deep Neural Variation Spaces: A Unifying Perspective on Depth and Complexity
arXiv:2607.05546v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We develop a unified function space theory of deep fully connected neural networks. Functions in our spaces are defined recursively as $\ell^1$-bounded linear combinations of activated functions from preceding layers, with a dictionary of affine functions at the first layer. Unlike existing theories that are largely specialized to homogeneous activations such as the ReLU, our framework provides a meaningful notion of functional complexity for deep
To Retain or to Adapt? Generalizing Continual Learning
arXiv:2607.05609v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Continual Learning (CL) literature has long been driven by the goal of mitigating catastrophic forgetting. This objective rests on a pervasive, often unstated assumption: that a lifelong learner should approximate the Joint-Task Learning (JTL) solution and retain all previously acquired knowledge. We challenge this retention-centered premise, arguing that in non-stationary environments prioritizing retention can impede real-time adaptation. Sh
Width-Robust Learnability in Mean-Field Bayesian Neural Networks
arXiv:2607.05735v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Infinite-width limits are a standard way to reason about neural networks, but it is not automatic that the limiting learner has the same complexity-theoretic inductive bias as large finite networks. We study this question for Bayesian neural networks at the mean-field, or critical feature-learning, scaling. The central quantity is the \emph{reduced entropy} \[ s_\infty(y,\varepsilon)=\limsup_N -\frac{1}{N}\log \pi_N^0(L\le \varepsilon), \] the i
Boosting with List-Decodable Codes
arXiv:2607.05791v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Boosting is a fundamental technique for generically improving the accuracy of learning algorithms (Schapire 1989). Existing boosting algorithms construct a strong learner using $O(\log(\frac{1}{\epsilon})/\gamma^2)$ calls to a $\gamma$-advantage weak learner, and this round complexity is known to be optimal for generic boosters that succeed on all concept classes (Freund 1995). We show that this lower bound can be circumvented for concept classes
On the convergence of graph Laplacians with a symmetric divergence
arXiv:2607.05892v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When analyzing a manifold learning algorithm for data lying on a smooth, compact, connected Riemannian submanifold $(\mathcal{M}, g)$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$, a key estimate for the geodesic distance $d_g$ is that there exists $K > 0$ such that $0 \leq d_g(p, q)^2 - \|p-q\|^2 \leq K d_g(p, q)^4$ for all $p, q \in \mathcal{M}$. We observe that more generally, when $\mathcal{M}$ is equipped with a smooth symmetric divergence $D$ satisfying a non-degenerac
Separation Capacity of Scattering Networks on Low-Dimensional Datasets
arXiv:2607.06048v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We aim to identify scattering network architectures that maximize the separation capacity on data with low intrinsic dimension. The networks we consider employ a fixed monomial nonlinearity and no pooling, so that the only design variable is the frame generated by the network filters. For data modeled as rectifiable sets, we first characterize and bound the separation capacity of general feature extractors in terms of the geometry of the dataset.
A Convex Approximation Framework for Neural Likelihood-Based Bayesian Inverse Problems
arXiv:2607.06252v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many problems in science and engineering are difficult to model accurately, either due to unknown physical mechanisms, poorly quantified measurement uncertainty, or prohibitive computational costs of high-fidelity simulations. These challenges limit the applicability of classical probabilistic inference methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo, especially in high-dimensional Bayesian inverse problems. As data from scientific experiments become inc
A Function-Space Dichotomy for Compositional Learning: Exponential Sub-Optimality of the Neural Tangent Kernel
arXiv:2607.06382v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A persistent empirical observation is that trained neural networks outperform their neural tangent kernel (NTK) limit on tasks with compositional structure, yet a quantitative account of $\textbf{when}$ and $\textbf{by how much}$ has been lacking. Working on the unit circle, we give such an account through a dichotomy between two complexity measures of the target: its $\textbf{Fourier complexity}$, which controls NTK kernel regression, and its $\t
Exact computation of posterior distribution of mixture weights in hierarchical Bayesian models
arXiv:2607.05692v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hierarchical mixture models are a powerful tool for modeling data generated from heterogeneous sources, particularly when the mixing proportion $\boldsymbol{w}$ itself is treated as a random variable with a Dirichlet or Beta-Liouville prior. Such models are widely employed in scenarios where uncertainty in class membership or data-generating processes must be probabilistically quantified. This paper studies the exact marginalization of the mixtu
No Subspace to Track: Non-Identifiability and Optimizer State in Low-Rank Training
arXiv:2607.05872v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Memory-efficient optimizers such as GaLore train large language models by projecting gradients onto a rank-r subspace recomputed every T steps, assuming this subspace is a slowly drifting object that can be tracked. We show that beyond a small reproducible core, there is no such object. Two estimates of the top-r subspace computed at the same step from disjoint minibatches disagree as much as estimates computed T steps apart (0.73 vs 0.74 of the
Stochastic generator of trajectories from record data: application to the fluctuations of a glacier's frontal position from a sample of moraines
arXiv:2607.06020v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The record values theory study elements of a time series that exceed all previous observations, which are of particular interest in fields such as sports or climate science. In this paper, we propose a statistical method based on the construction of a Brownian stochastic simulator to reconstruct entire time series solely from such record values, even in a non-stationary case. We then implement a procedure, which can be compared to a Neural-Based
Closed-form fractional radial links for elliptical Mahalanobis discriminant analysis
arXiv:2607.06089v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study binary classification under shared-generator elliptical class-conditional distributions. The log-likelihood ratio is an additive function of the two squared Mahalanobis radii, with radial link $\varphi=\log g$; QDA is recovered only when this link is affine. We derive the Bayes radial-link family from the within-class radius law and estimate it by a finite fractional-power stochastic-polynomial projection instead of tuning a generic spl
Quantitative Gaussian-Process limits of Tensor Programs
arXiv:2607.06290v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the infinite-width Gaussian-process limit of random neural networks through the lens of tensor programs, and we provide a quantitative convergence theory in Wasserstein distance. Our main result gives explicit finite-width error bounds, of order inverse square-root of the widths between finite-network executions and their Gaussian-process limits. The framework is architecture-agnostic and covers feed-forward models together
A unified perspective of Gaussian process approximation for differential equations
arXiv:2607.06292v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The use of Gaussian processes for approximating differential equations has expanded rapidly, leading to a growing, diverse, and fragmented body of numerical methods. We present a unified Bayesian perspective that places these techniques within a common probabilistic framework, based on a derivative matching interpretation for incorporating differential equation constraints into likelihood. This unified perspective supports both parameter estimat
Approximate Risk Minimization Over Shrinking-Thresholding Rules in Normal Mean Estimation
arXiv:2607.06367v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop an approximate risk minimization framework for shrinkage-thresholding estimation in normal mean problems. In the canonical multivariate normal mean model, we introduce a general functional class of estimators that contains classical shrinkage and thresholding behavior, including James-Stein-type and lasso-type rules. We express quadratic risk as a functional over this class, derive optimality conditions for both oracle risk and data-d
Factor-Augmented Machine Learning Panel Regressions
arXiv:2607.06368v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper develops the asymptotic theory for high-dimensional panel data regressions in settings with cross-sectionally dependent errors driven by common shocks. We consider a factor-augmented sparse-group LASSO estimator that combines MIDAS aggregation with latent factors. The estimator can take advantage of the mixed-frequency group structure in the time-series dimension. Theory shows that it can outperform the standard LASSO estimator both f
EntroPath: Maximum Entropy Path Ensemble Embedding for Manifold Learning
arXiv:2607.06497v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce EntroPath, a manifold learning method that recovers geodesic geometry from data graphs through ensembles of diffusion paths. Many existing graph-based embeddings rely either on locally normalised random walks or on shortest-path distances. The former can concentrate diffusion in densely sampled regions, while the latter are sensitive to spurious shortcut edges in the graph. EntroPath instead builds its dissimilarities from the maxim
A Gibbs posterior sampler for inverse problem based on prior diffusion model
arXiv:2602.11059v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of inversion in cases where (1) the observation system is modeled by a linear transformation and additive error, (2) the problem is ill-posed and regularization relies on a Bayesian strategy, (3)~the prior is modeled by a diffusion process adjusted on an available large set of examples. In this context, it is known that the issue of posterior sampling is a thorny one and the paper introduces a Gibbs algorithm. It
Estimation of instrument and noise parameters for inverse problem based on prior diffusion model
arXiv:2602.11711v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This article addresses the issue of estimating observation parameters (response and error parameters) in inverse problems. The focus is on cases where regularization is introduced in a Bayesian framework and the prior is modeled by a diffusion process. In this context, the issue of posterior sampling is known to be thorny, and a recent paper proposes a notably simple and effective solution. Additionally, it opens an remarkable flexibility when
Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains
arXiv:2605.12410v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose and analyze a model-based bootstrap for transition kernels in finite controlled Markov chains (CMCs) with possibly nonstationary or history-dependent control policies, a setting that arises naturally in offline reinforcement learning (RL) when the behavior policy generating the data is unknown. We establish distributional consistency of the bootstrap transition estimator in both a single long-chain regime and the episodic offline RL
Reward-Density Heuristic for Dynamic Multi-Vehicle Routing: Performance and Computational Efficiency
arXiv:2607.06066v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and its variants represent some of the most practically consequential optimization challenges in modern logistics and urban mobility. In this study, we address a dynamic, online variant combining elements of the VRP and the Orienteering Problem (OP), in which a fleet of vehicles must maximise cumulative reward collected within a fixed time horizon while continuously replanning as new tasks arrive. We propose and e
When do prophets profit in prediction markets?
arXiv:2607.06166v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prediction markets aggregate dispersed beliefs into prices that act as probabilistic forecasts of uncertain events. Classical theory establishes a clean equivalence between forecasting accuracy and trading profit, but only for the specific automated market maker (AMM) design. However, the largest exchanges today are based on central limit order books in which informed forecasters routinely lose money while uninformed strategies can profit on simpl
Information Gain-based Rollout Policy Optimization: An Adaptive Tree-Structured Rollout Approach for Multi-Turn LLM Agents
arXiv:2607.06223v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning has become a promising paradigm for improving large language model (LLM) agents on long-horizon search tasks, where the agent must make a sequence of intermediate decisions before receiving a final outcome. However, existing methods still face a key limitation: the rollout budget is often allocated without explicitly assessing the utility of intermediate states. As a result, substantial computation may be spent on low-value
Demonstrating TOFFEE: A Learned System for Synthesizing Data Agent Trajectories at Scale
arXiv:2607.06233v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-powered data agents are playing an increasingly important role in data-driven decision making. However, existing data agents struggle to generalize to unseen data environments and analytical workflows, especially in heterogeneous enterprise settings. This creates a growing need for synthesizing high-quality data agent trajectories that capture complex analytical workflows for given data environments. Such trajectories support two key downstrea
From Application-Layer Simulation to Native Meta-Architecture: Structural Tension as an Endogenous Driver for Heterogeneous AI Evolution
arXiv:2607.06269v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current large language models (LLMs) are fundamentally stateless: their behavior is fully determined by input at inference time, and any higher-order cognitive architecture must be simulated at the application layer through prompt engineering and context management. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for submerging such application-layer cognitive protocols into a native meta-architecture by introducing three interlocking mechanisms: (1)
Task Decomposition-Guided Reranking for Adaptive Agent Skill Retrieval
arXiv:2607.06283v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Skill usage can significantly enhance the ability of modern agent systems to complete complex tasks. However, the growing scale of skill libraries makes accurate skill selection increasingly challenging. In real-world scenarios, ambiguous semantic matching often arises between a specific task requirement and multiple generic yet semantically similar candidate skills. Moreover, existing methods tend to overlook the dynamic influence of task difficu
Driving the Wrong Way: Leveraging Interpretability in End2End Autonomous Driving Models
arXiv:2607.06328v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The increasing adoption of end-to-end learning for autonomous driving introduces increased model complexity and opacity, raising the risk of learning undesired or erroneous behavior. In this work, we integrate unsupervised dictionary learning as a post hoc interpretability module within state-of-the-art driving models to decompose driving behavior into semantically meaningful concepts while demonstrating their causal influence on the model's drivi
TopoBrick: Agentic Topology Sampling of Exogenous Variables for Zero-Shot Building IoT Forecasting
arXiv:2607.06349v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Building sensors are embedded in physical topology, spatial hierarchy, and operational context, yet existing forecasters often treat them as isolated time series or rely on fixed covariate sets. We present TopoBrick, a training-free framework for zero-shot building IoT (Internet-of-Things) forecasting. TopoBrick uses building knowledge graphs to construct a compact structural skeleton and employs an agentic topology sampler to select target-specif
A Definition and Roadmap for World Models
arXiv:2607.06401v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World models -- internal simulators that learn the structure and dynamics of an environment -- have become one of the most actively debated concepts in AI. From model-based reinforcement learning and video generation to embodied robotics and ultimately, physical AI, researchers across AI subfields are building systems that they call "world models", yet there is no consensus on what a world model fundamentally is, what it should predict, or how it
ExplAIner: A Declarative Query Language for Explaining Classification Models
arXiv:2607.06407v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The XAI community has studied a wide range of queries and scores for explaining predictions of ML models. From a data management perspective, this proliferation of explanation notions calls for declarative query languages in which such notions can be specified, combined, and analyzed uniformly. In this paper, we develop such a framework for Boolean models. We first revisit FOIL, an interpretability query language for black-box models, and show tha
Finding H. pylori in the Fine Print: Evidence-Linked Multi-Agent Case Finding from Gastric Biopsy Reports
arXiv:2607.06435v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Data from Singapore indicated that about 31% of the population had evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Persistent H. pylori infection is associated with chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and its eradication is key to gastric cancer prevention. However, evidence supporting \textit{H. pylori} positivity and H. pylori-associated gastritis may be distributed across heterogeneous coded and free-text report fields and may require
Doomed from the Start: Early Abort of LLM Agent Episodes via a Recall-Controlled Probe Cascade
arXiv:2607.06503v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents solving multi-step tasks frequently commit to trajectories that are doomed to fail, yet continue to consume substantial inference compute before the failure becomes observable. We show that failure is predictable early from the agent's internal representations: lightweight per-round probes on hidden activations anticipate eventual episode failure as early as the first interaction round, where scorers reading only
FootsiesGym: A Fighting Game Benchmark for Two-Player Zero-Sum Imperfect-Information Games
arXiv:2607.06514v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present FootsiesGym, an open-source environment for learning in a non-trivial two-player, zero-sum, imperfect-information game. Built on HiFight's minimalist 2D fighting game Footsies, it isolates the cyclic, non-transitive strategic interactions of fighting game neutral play while remaining simple enough for efficient analysis. We provide a vectorized simulator that enables high-throughput training on standard hardware, making the environment
FreqDepthKV: Frequency-Guided Depth Sharing for Robust KV Cache Compression in Long-Context LLM Inference
arXiv:2607.06519v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-context LLM inference is increasingly limited by the memory and bandwidth cost of KV caches, yet aggressive compression can remove the layer-specific evidence needed for retrieval and multi-step reasoning. We introduce FreqDepthKV, an inference-time cache compression method that factorizes adjacent-layer KV states into shared low-frequency depth components and sparse high-frequency residuals. A lightweight online probe assigns attention heads
Bridging Physical Reasoning and Task Generalization via Visual Action Outcome Reasoning Alignment
arXiv:2607.06522v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to generalize in interactive physical reasoning, particularly under unseen tasks and environments. Two key failure modes are prominent: hallucinated chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that contradicts physical reality, and misalignment between the model's reasoning and actions. We present VAORA (Visual Action Outcome Reasoning Alignment), a novel reward design that directly addresses both issues. VAORA introduc
DepthWeave-KV: Token-Adaptive Cross-Layer Residual Factorization for Long-Context KV Cache Compression
arXiv:2607.06523v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-context language model inference is increasingly limited by the memory bandwidth and capacity required to store key-value caches, yet existing compression methods often apply uniform budgets across layers or tokens and degrade retrieval when lexical cues and semantic states require different preservation. We introduce DepthWeave-KV, a token-adaptive cache compression method that factorizes key and value states across neighboring transformer l
The Large Cancer Assistant (LCA): A Model-Agnostic Orchestration Framework for Scalable Clinical Decision Support in Oncology
arXiv:2607.06531v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: - Objective: Multimodal deep learning models in oncology are currently limited by monolithic designs that rigidly couple data ingestion, clinical routing, and artificial intelligence (AI) inference. To address this inflexibility, we propose the Large Cancer Assistant (LCA), a model-agnostic, post-hoc orchestration framework designed for scalable clinical decision support. - Methods: The LCA is mathematically formalized as a 7-tuple architecture gr
Rethinking Indic AI from a Lens of Cultural Heritage Preservation
arXiv:2607.06544v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Artificial Intelligence (AI) makes inroads into different parts of the Indian subcontinent, there is significant interest in studying how AI impacts the linguistic and cultural foundations of this civilization. AI is seen as a ''double-edged sword'' where on the one hand, it can enable access and inclusion for a large population, on the other, it can homogenize worldviews and exclude underrepresented languages and worldviews. In this paper, we
Lingering Authority: Revocable Resource-and-Effect Capabilities for Coding Agents
arXiv:2606.22504v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Coding agents often receive broad tool access for an entire task, even when a resource is needed only for one subgoal. We call this gap lingering authority: a temporary resource/effect capability remains exposed after the episode that justified it has closed. PORTICO is a reference monitor for revocable capabilities exposed to the planner. It compiles an explicit task contract into initial capabilities, grant rules, trusted closure predicates,
KVpop -- Key-Value Cache Compression with Predictive Online Pruning
arXiv:2607.05061v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Key-value (KV) cache growth is a major bottleneck in autoregressive decoding, as memory and bandwidth scale linearly with context length. Existing KV eviction methods often rely on static heuristics or proxy scores, which poorly track future token utility and cause brittle eviction as relevance shifts. To address this, we introduce KVpop, which learns a fixed-budget KV eviction policy by directly supervising the keep-or-drop decision. The scorer
MemDefrag: Latent Memory Defragmentation for Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.05969v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Latent memory, which stores past knowledge fragments as per-layer hidden states, has emerged as a promising paradigm (e.g., MemoryLLM and M+) for long-term memory in large language models (LLMs). However, the paradigm suffers from significant performance degradation during memory updates, due to positional encoding misalignment and the absence of any tracing mechanism to distinguish target memory fragments from irrelevant ones. To discover such a
PluraMath: Extending Mathematical Reasoning Evaluation Beyond High-Resource Languages
arXiv:2607.05992v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mathematical reasoning has become a central task for evaluating and tuning reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet existing benchmarks remain heavily biased toward high-resource languages, with English and Chinese dominating both pre-training corpora and evaluation suites. The recently released PolyMath (Wang et al., 2025) dataset represents a significant step forward, yet its coverage is still limited to 18 only high-resource languages. To ad
From Blueprint to Reality: Modeling and Applying Putnam's Social Capital Theory with LLM-based Multi-agent Simulations
arXiv:2607.06080v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Putnam's Social Capital Theory is a foundational framework for collective action and community prosperity. However, traditional empirical methods face practical limits on control and replication. Meanwhile, LLM-based social simulations are typically behavior-driven and lack theory-aligned environments for modeling Putnam's core propositions. To address these gaps, we introduce SocaSim, an LLM-based multi-agent simulation framework to study Putnam'
CurateEvo: Data-Curation Evolving for Agentic Post-Training
arXiv:2607.06140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents require post-training methods that can improve long-horizon decision making from environment feedback. However, existing agentic post-training pipelines often treat data curation as a fixed preprocessing step, focusing mainly on data augmentation while neglecting filtering, refinement, and adaptation to downstream failures. We propose CurateEvo, a failure-driven dynamic evolution framework for agentic post-trainin
Prompting Complexity: Shortest Prompts for Texts and Behaviors in LLMs
arXiv:2607.06145v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we define the quantity of prompting complexity: for a fixed instruction-tuned language model, what is the shortest plausible prompt that makes deterministic decoding produce a target text? It is an LM-relative analogue of resource-bounded Kolmogorov complexity: the prompt is a program, the model interface is the interpreter, and information omitted from the prompt is supplied by the model's weights, training distribution, tokenizer,
LongCrafter: Towards Diverse Long-Context Understanding via Evidence-Graph-Guided Instruction Synthesis
arXiv:2607.06160v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Synthesizing long-context supervised fine-tuning (SFT) data is a scalable way to enhance the long-context understanding of large language models (LLMs), yet existing approaches share three limitations: narrow task coverage, insufficient instruction difficulty, and a lack of faithfulness supervision. We propose \textbf{LongCrafter}, a structured synthesis framework that couples a hierarchical task taxonomy with an evidence-grounded pipeline. The ta
Improving LLM-Generated Process Model Quality Through Reinforcement Learning: The Role of Reward Function Design
arXiv:2607.06175v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can generate BPMN process models from natural-language descriptions, yet supervised fine-tuning (SFT) limits their output quality to the patterns present in the training data. Reinforcement learning (RL) can optimize beyond this ceiling using external quality measures, but how the reward function should be designed when quality is multi-dimensional remains unexplored. We present a systematic investigation of reward fun
Pluralis v0.1: Towards a Multicultural, Multimodal, Multilingual Benchmark for AI Risk and Reliability
arXiv:2607.06196v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current AI safety evaluation and benchmarking frameworks predominantly rely on Western-centric culture-agnostic defaults that mask critical regional laws, socio-linguistic nuances, and cultural taboos, leaving Vision-Language Models (VLMs) vulnerable in global deployments. We introduce Pluralis v0.1: a novel multimodal, multi-regional, and multilingual dataset built from a culture-first perspective. Spanning 6,448 prompts across six Asia-Pacific c
Spider 2.0-AIFunc: Extending Real-World Text-to-SQL to AI-Native SQL Workflows
arXiv:2607.06229v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Major cloud data platforms now expose large language model capabilities as native SQL functions, enabling analysts to perform classification, filtering, sentiment analysis, extraction, similarity search, and aggregation within ordinary SQL queries. Yet existing text-to-SQL benchmarks evaluate only conventional SQL and provide no signal on whether models can generate such AI-native SQL. We introduce Spider 2.0-AIFunc, a benchmark of 465 verified in
From Sinhala to Dhivehi: Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Speech Recognition
arXiv:2607.06289v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dhivehi, the national language of the Maldives, is currently under-resourced for automatic speech recognition (ASR) and other NLP tasks. This study investigates whether cross-lingual transfer learning from Sinhala, a linguistically related, relatively well-resourced Insular Indo-Aryan language, can improve Dhivehi ASR. We conduct seventeen experiments across five transfer learning paradigms: Dhivehi-only baselines, sequential fine-tuning, multilin
Estimating Uncertainty from Reasoning: A Large-Scale Study of Multi- and Crosslingual MCQA Performance in LLMs
arXiv:2607.06327v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Uncertainty estimation (UE) enables LLM-powered systems to recognize when to abstain, yet existing research has predominantly focused on English. We present the first large-scale evaluation of UE methods across 22 languages, spanning high-, mid-, and low-resource settings. Using two human-curated Q\&A datasets, we compare open and closed box UE methods (nine in total) across different model sizes and architectures while eliciting long-form reasoni
Automated Compliance Mapping in Cloud Security with Domain-Adapted Sentence Transformers
arXiv:2607.06364v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mapping cloud security controls to technical metrics is currently a manual process. This paper proposes domain adaptation of Sentence Transformer models to automate it. We build a training corpus of 3,499 semantic pairs from five European security standards and a set of technical metrics, then expand it via back-translation and LLM-based paraphrasing to up to 13,996 samples across four scenarios. We fine-tune five architectures and evaluate their
From Voting to Agent Collaboration: Answer-Type-Aware LLM Pipelines for BioASQ 14b
arXiv:2607.06452v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Biomedical question answering requires not only accurate extraction of information from scientific literature but also reliable integration of evidence across multiple documents. This study presents a question-type-specific large language model (LLM) framework for BioASQ 14b Task B, designed to improve answer robustness and evidence grounding in biomedical question answering. Rather than applying a single prompting strategy to all questions, the f
Data Analysis in the Wild: Benchmarking Large Language Models Against Real-World Data Complexities
arXiv:2607.06482v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current benchmarks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in data analysis often fail to reflect real-world settings. They typically focus on fact retrieval from small tables and overlook the challenges of large multi-tabular datasets, external knowledge integration, and exploratory insight discovery. We introduce DataGovBench, a benchmark derived from governmental open data designed to evaluate LLMs in practical scenarios. The benchmark incl
Pitwall: Faithful Natural-Language Race-Strategy Briefings from a Calibrated Real-Time Monte Carlo Engine
arXiv:2607.06495v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Live sports commentary is grounded generation under a deadline: statements concern real, named athletes, the grounding state changes every few seconds, and no reference text exists at generation time. We present Pitwall, a production system that generates natural-language Formula 1 strategy briefings in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, treating faithfulness as an architectural property rather than an aspiration: every published sentence is decomp
Life Style Levels: Neighborhood Delineation using Geospatial Data
arXiv:2607.06529v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fine-scale socioeconomic information is often unavailable across rapidly ur-banizing regions of the developing world, like India, limiting the ability to delineate intra-urban variations in affluence and deprivation. This study pro-poses a scalable, grid-based urban delineation framework using building morphology derived from open-source satellite imagery. Urban areas across 59 Indian cities and towns are partitioned into high-resolution spatial g
On the feasibility of dependency parsing of non-human sequences without a gold standard. Is evaluation possible in other species?
arXiv:2607.06542v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dependency parsing consists of finding a tree representation for a sequence. Unsupervised dependency parsing aims to develop parsing methods without a gold standard during model training. In human languages, an unsupervised parser can be evaluated because some gold standard is usually available or can be created. For other species, a gold standard is unknown. Thus one may conclude that it is impossible to determine the accuracy of an unsupervised
CCBENCH: Assessing LLM Cultural Competence via Implicitly Signaled Norms using Health Queries
arXiv:2607.05405v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: To interact with users fairly and without stereotyping, AI models must display cultural competency, i.e., the ability to infer and adapt to a user's implicitly signaled cultural values, rather than relying on static demographic traits. We introduce CCBENCH, a framework for evaluating cultural competency in large language models (LLMs), treating culture as a continuum of norm adherence states rather than as a binary state of cultural belongingnes
CANONIC: Governance Is Compilation
arXiv:2607.05410v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present CANONIC: governed intelligence that compiles digital artifacts into an evidence ledger at scale. Large language models generate prose faster than anyone can check it, the failure Oxford Languages named 'slop', its 2025 Word of the Year. CANONIC governs whether content may enter a corpus the way a compiler decides whether a program is well-formed: mechanically, by a grammar, at the boundary of admission. Governance reduces to three axi
Decision Protocols in Multi-Agent Large Language Model Conversations
arXiv:2607.05477v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Improving the task performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential, yet scaling these models faces significant challenges such as diminishing returns and high costs. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) offer a promising solution by distributing tasks among specialized agents to improve the overall task performance. This can reduce training costs at the expense of increased test time due to the discussion and decision-making process. The decision
TRIG: Trajectory-Rig Decoupled Metric Geometry Learning
arXiv:2607.05801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-centric autonomous driving requires accurate metric geometry and ego-motion estimation from synchronized multi-camera observations. Recent visual geometry models show strong performance in pose estimation, depth prediction, and 3D reconstruction, but are not tailored to rigid multi-camera driving systems. They often encode camera poses as entangled representations, in which time-varying ego-motion and static camera-rig geometry are jointly
Complementary Roles of Image Classification and Vessel Segmentation in AI-Based Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity Plus Disease in a Kenyan Preterm Cohort
arXiv:2607.05825v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Background. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable cause of childhood blindness, with rising burden in low- and middle-income countries where ROP-trained ophthalmologists are scarce. Plus disease, marked by retinal vessel dilation and tortuosity, triggers treatment but is subjective and variable. Automated screening could extend specialist reach, but African evidence remains limited. Methods. We analysed 121 Kenyan preterm infants, co
Realistic Compound-Lens Defocus Blur Synthesis
arXiv:2607.05837v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Defocus blur degrades fine image structures and limits visual perception, which can adversely affect downstream vision tasks. Although recent deep learning deblurring methods have achieved strong performance, their effectiveness depends on training data and often degrades across cameras and lenses due to limited optical diversity and realism in existing datasets. In this paper, we propose a pipeline for synthesizing realistic defocus deblurring da
Breaking Spurious Correlations via Generative Randomization and Cross-Variant Self-Supervised Learning
arXiv:2607.05850v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep neural networks trained with Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) often fail under distribution shifts because they exploit spurious correlations between object labels and background context. Recent generative approaches address this issue by creating counterfactual images with altered contexts, but typically use these samples as standard data augmentation, leaving the model free to retain background-sensitive representations. We propose a two-s
Harrison.Rad 1.5 Technical Report: A radiology foundation model that can draft reports from images, priors and clinical context
arXiv:2607.05880v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Imaging demand is growing faster than the radiology workforce can expand, and reporting backlogs cannot be resolved through training and recruitment alone. The most direct opportunity is reducing the time and effort radiologists spend producing reports, a task that requires interpreting images, integrating clinical history and prior studies, and drafting structured findings. We present Harrison.Rad 1.5 (HR1.5), a radiology-specific multimodal larg
Few-Medoids: An Embarrassingly Simple Coreset Selection Method for Few-Shot Knowledge Distillation
arXiv:2607.05891v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Coreset selection aims to identify a small and highly representative subset of a massive dataset for efficient model training. The problem remains challenging even in the few-shot knowledge distillation (KD) setup, where a full-scale pre-trained teacher informs the student network. Typical sample selection strategies often struggle to surpass the random selection baseline. In this paper, we showcase few-medoids, an embarrassingly simple coreset se
PolicyShiftGuard: Benchmarking and Improving Policy-Adaptive Image Guardrails
arXiv:2607.05910v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Image guardrails are typically trained and evaluated under a fixed safety policy, implicitly treating safety as an intrinsic property of an image. Real deployments are different: the same image may be allowed in one product, restricted in another, and newly disallowed when a policy boundary changes. We study policy-adaptive image guardrailing, where a model must decide whether an image violates the currently supplied policy and generalize to held-
NegROI: Click-Centric Uncertainty-Guided Refinement with Scene-Conditioned Negative Prompts for Robust Interactive 3D Segmentation
arXiv:2607.05955v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interactive 3D segmentation aims to extract object masks in point clouds with minimal user clicks. Despite recent progress, most existing approaches still struggle with (i) coarse voxel resolution that blurs fine boundaries under limited clicks and (ii) hard false positives caused by confusing background structures. These issues are exacerbated by density and scale shifts across datasets (e.g., dense RGB-D reconstructions vs. sparse LiDAR scans),
Decoupled Single-Mask Annotation Noise Detection via Cross-Sectional Patch Self-Consistency
arXiv:2607.05965v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vascular computed tomography datasets are commonly annotated only once per scan, yielding the pervasive yet under addressed problem of single mask annotation noise. Existing solutions either require costly multirater fusion or are coupled with network training, preventing explicit auditing of where and why labels fail. We introduce a decoupled framework for single-mask annotation noise detection that leverages cross-sectional patch self-consistenc
Propose and Attend: Training-free MLLM Grounding Confidence via Multi-Token Localized Attention
arXiv:2607.05978v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal large language models can emit localized predictions, bounding boxes for objects and temporal windows for video and audio events, but they hallucinate these regions prolifically. The model's own token log-probabilities are nearly uninformative: they conflate grounding quality with input ambiguity, and coordinate tokens become near-deterministic once the model commits. We propose Multi-Token Localized Attention (MTLA): a training-free, p
SparseCtrl-HOI: Sparse Temporal Control for Human-Object Interaction Video Generation
arXiv:2607.05994v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human-Object Interaction (HOI) video generation aims to synthesize realistic videos of humans manipulating diverse objects, serving as a promising avenue for AI-driven live streaming e-commerce. A primary obstacle in this domain lies in the complexity of modeling fine-grained physical dynamics and the intricate spatial-temporal coordination between human hands and objects. Existing approaches to this problem typically rely on dense temporal guidan
Unlearnable Faces: Privacy Protection Surviving Extraction Pipeline
arXiv:2607.05996v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unlearnable examples keep publicly shared photos from being learned by unauthorized face-recognition models. An imperceptible perturbation, added before sharing, makes any model trained on the protected photos fail on clean faces. The perturbation is crafted on the shared image, however the attacker trains on the face it extracts, cropped and resized to the recognizer input, and under this extraction the protection collapses. We propose LPID, whic
OBBSeg: Irregular Lesion Segmentation under Oriented Bounding Box Annotations
arXiv:2607.06007v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pixel-level annotation remains a major bottleneck in medical image segmentation, making weak supervision an attractive yet under-constrained alternative. We propose OBBSeg, an intermediate supervision paradigm guided by Oriented Bounding Boxes (OBBs) that bridges the gap between full and weak supervision. By jointly encoding spatial extent and orientation, OBBs provide compact geometric supervision that better aligns with elongated or anisotropic
KOAL: Knowledge-Driven Prostate Cancer Grading with Ordinal-Aware Learning
arXiv:2607.06019v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Non-invasive prediction of Gleason Grade Group (GGG) in prostate cancer using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is clinically vital for reducing unnecessary biopsies. Existing GGG prediction methods face two major limitations. First, they often overlook non-image information critical for GGG prediction, including age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and expert priors embedded in radiology reports. Second, they tend to oversimplify GGG as flat categoric
MSA-DCNN: A Data-Efficient Multi-Scale Deformable CNN for Medical Image Classification
arXiv:2607.06083v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing deep learning methods perform well in medical image classification but struggle with multi-scale morphology and limited annotations due to fixed sampling and data-hungry training. Existing approaches address these challenges in isolation: DCN-based models provide adaptive sampling but lack explicit multi-scale attention fusion and label-efficient regularisation; multi-scale architectures typically rely on static fusion; and semi-supervise
PVCap: Towards Accurate 3D Dense Captioning via PseudoCap and VoxelCapNet
arXiv:2607.06097v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D dense captioning, an emerging vision-language task, aims to generate descriptive sentences for each object in the 3D scene. Despite the impressive results achieved by previous methods, they suffer from two limitations. First, current research often employs global rigid transformations, such as rotation, to augment scenes without changing their spatial layouts. However, diverse spatial layouts are crucial for training a 3D dense captioning model
EcoVision: AI-Powered Drone Imaging for Salt Marsh Vegetation Monitoring and Dominance Mapping
arXiv:2607.06105v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-resolution RGB imagery acquired from low-altitude UAV surveys was processed through a modular pipeline incorporating transformer-based semantic segmentation, connected-component vegetation extraction, fine-grained species classification using a ConvNeXt architecture, and grid-based dominance scoring at 2x2m resolution. The framework targeted two ecologically significant halophytic grasses, Spartina maritima and Puccinellia maritima, and was t
RoME: Robust Mixture of Low-Rank Experts against Multiple Adversarial Perturbations
arXiv:2607.06109v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-perturbation adversarial training (MAT) aims to achieve robustness against multiple $\ell_p$ perturbations but suffers from robustness trade-offs between different threats. To address this, we employ a mixture of experts (MoE) to route different threats through distinct model pathways. However, naive application of MoE encounters two critical challenges: experts tend to overlook threat-specific features and redundantly capture features share
AEGIS: A Mechanism-Guided Defense against Visual Synonym Jailbreaks in Text-to-Image Models
arXiv:2607.06120v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-to-image diffusion models have achieved high visual fidelity and broad adoption, but remain vulnerable to safety violations when adversaries exploit them to synthesize illicit content. Existing alignment paradigms, from input sanitization to structural feature pruning, are largely organized around unsafe concepts explicitly exposed during filtering, editing, or localization. This leaves a blind spot for visual synonym attacks (VSA), a jailbre
RFHNet: Relational and Frequency-Aware Hashing Network for Large-Scale Fine-Grained Food Image Retrieval
arXiv:2607.06148v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fine-grained food image retrieval is a key task in computational gastronomy, with applications in food traceability, dietary monitoring, and smart catering systems. Although hashing-based retrieval is attractive for large-scale search due to its storage efficiency and fast Hamming-distance computation, existing methods often perform poorly in fine-grained food scenarios, where subtle local semantics and frequency-sensitive visual cues are essentia
Parameter-Free and Group Conditional Online Conformal Prediction
arXiv:2606.00419v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is critical for the deployment of machine learning predictors in real-world scenarios where the data distribution may shift over time (i.e., data may not be exchangeable). Online conformal prediction (OCP) methods address this issue at the expense of either (i) group-wise error control or (ii) learning-rate independent implementation. Group-conditional coverage is essential for fairness across different collecti
It does what it says on the tin: safe synthetic data from coarsened margins
arXiv:2606.02101v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper proposes a method of creating synthetic data (SD) that will have two important advantages for the user compared to other methods currently available. The first is transparency; unlike other methods, the person in receipt of the SD will know which of the relationships between variables in the original data will be approximately maintained in the SD. The second is a guarantee that the SD is derived from information that has already be
Universality of Benign Overfitting in Binary Linear Classification
arXiv:2501.10538v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The practical success of deep learning has led to the discovery of several surprising phenomena. One of these phenomena, that has spurred intense theoretical research, is ``benign overfitting'': deep neural networks seem to generalize well in the over-parametrized regime even though the networks show a perfect fit to noisy training data. It is now known that benign overfitting also occurs in various classical statistical models. For line
Regularity and Stability Properties of Selective SSMs with Discontinuous Gating
arXiv:2505.11602v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Selective State-Space Models (SSMs) such as Mamba have become central to long-sequence modeling. Still, their stability is poorly understood: their state-space coefficients are modulated online by a token-dependent gating signal, making the recurrence neither linear time-invariant nor classically nonlinear. We study continuous-time selective SSMs through passivity, dissipativity, and Input-to-State Stability (ISS), explicitly separating
Medix: Out-of-Distribution Detection from Unlabeled Wild Data via Robust Gradient Statistics
arXiv:2510.06505v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the robustness of machine learning systems deployed in real-world applications. Recent approaches have explored the use of unlabeled data, showing potential for enhancing OOD detection capabilities. However, effectively utilizing unlabeled in-the-wild data remains challenging due to the mixed nature of both in-distribution (InD) and OOD samples. The lack of a distinct s
Factorizable joint shift revisited
arXiv:2601.15036v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Factorizable joint shift (FJS) represents a type of distribution shift (or dataset shift) that comprises both covariate and label shift. Recently, it has been observed that FJS actually arises from consecutive label and covariate (or vice versa) shifts. Research into FJS so far has been confined mostly to the case of categorical labels. We propose a framework for analysing distribution shift in the case of a general label space, thus cov
Conformal Prediction Sets for Instance Segmentation
arXiv:2602.10045v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Current instance segmentation models achieve high performance on average predictions, but lack principled uncertainty quantification: their outputs are not calibrated, and there is no guarantee that a predicted mask is close to the ground truth. To address this limitation, we introduce a conformal prediction algorithm to generate adaptive confidence sets for instance segmentation. Given an image and a pixel coordinate query, our algorith
Joint Energy Management and Coordinated AIGC Workload Scheduling for Distributed Data Centers: A Diffusion-Aided Reward Shaping Approach
arXiv:2605.02965v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for automating the creation of diverse and customized content, giving rise to rapidly growing computational workloads in cloud data centers. It is imperative for AIGC service providers (ASPs) to strategically schedule AIGC workloads to reduce data center energy costs while guaranteeing high-quality content generation. However, the distinctive charac
Gaussian Process Latent Factor Regression for Low-Data, High-Dimensional Output Problems
arXiv:2606.06576v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In the sciences, regression tasks often require predicting high-dimensional outputs from few training examples. Multi-output Gaussian processes excel in low-data regimes but typically struggle with high-dimensional outputs. Compress-then-predict pipelines such as PCA-GP (principal component analysis plus Gaussian process regression) handle high dimensionality, but rely on bases optimized for reconstruction rather than prediction. To addr
Breaking the Likelihood Trap: Variance-Calibrated Modulation for Large Language Model Decoding
arXiv:2606.22511v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In open-ended generation, LLMs frequently fall into the "likelihood trap", marked by repetitive degeneration and vocabulary dullness, creating a discrepancy between machine-generated and human-written text. While post-hoc tail truncation (e.g., Top-$p$, Min-$p$) avoids sampling from the unreliable tail, it can over-sample from the uncalibrated head and misalign generation with human lexical preferences; fixed scalar repetition penalties
Proof of Execution: Runtime Verification for Governed AI Agent Actions
arXiv:2607.05397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agent systems increasingly execute rather than advise. When an AI agent queries regulated data, invokes effectful tools, and mutates persistent state, correctness is not captured by whether a terminal output looks plausible. The operative questions are whether each step was authorized under a contract, whether the recorded history is tamper-evident, and whether the trajectory can be reconstructed deterministically. We formalize this as runtime p
Catalyst Papers in Artificial Intelligence Research: A Landscape on ICLR from 2017 to 2025
arXiv:2607.05401v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A small number of methodological contributions, including word2vec, the Transformer, large-scale pre-training, and reinforcement learning from human feedback, have reshaped NLP and AI research over the past decade. OpenReview now makes numeric reviewer scores and accept/reject decisions public for every ICLR submission. Whether such review signals identify trajectory-changing papers at submission time, however, remains untested at corpus scale.
AI tools in Arab University English classrooms: Looking back and forward
arXiv:2607.05403v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper aims to synthesize empirical research on AI tools used to support English as a second/foreign language (EL2) learners in Arab University classrooms (AUCs) between Jan 1st 2023 and Aug 31st 2025. We utilized 3 large datasets, namely Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus as the data sources. Using PRISMA-guided searches across these well-known databases, we included only published articles. The search process results in 184 studies
The Jagged Global Economy: Frontier AI Unevenly Exposes National Economies
arXiv:2607.05404v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Frontier AI's labor-market effects matter to workers, firms, and policymakers, but current evidence generally comes from a handful of high-income economies. The capabilities of frontier AI are jagged across work tasks and national economies diverge in how they allocate human labor. We introduce a national AI exposure metric that combines occupation-level exposure scores and international employment data for 141 countries. We find that high incom
The GenAI Skill Bypass: Mapping Divergent Pathways of University Students and Staff AI Literacy
arXiv:2607.05411v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Higher education institutions are increasingly expected to ensure that both students and staff develop Generative AI (GenAI) literacies. In response, they are introducing professional development programs and embedding GenAI skills within student curricula. However, current educational frameworks typically assume a linear progression of GenAI literacy, implying that foundational technical understanding must precede creative application. This pap
Why does AI unlock new possibilities in STEM education? A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends and Future Agenda
arXiv:2607.05412v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: STEM education faces challenges in personalization and interdisciplinary integration. AI technology has brought new possibilities, but the mechanisms by which AI reshapes the STEM education ecosystem require systematic investigation. This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze 242 publications from 2015-2025, constructing knowledge maps to reveal the evolutionary trajectory. The findings show that the field has transformed from intelligen
Contrastive Predictive Coding with Compression for Enhanced Channel State Feedback in Wireless Networks
arXiv:2607.05419v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate and timely channel state information (CSI) is essential for next-generation wireless systems, yet existing works treat CSI compression and CSI prediction as separate problems, both in academia and in current 3GPP studies. Consequently, channel aging remains insufficiently addressed within standardized CSI feedback pipelines. In this article, we propose a unified compression-prediction framework that integrates Contrastive Predictive Cod
When AI Classifies: What Counts as Public Administration?
arXiv:2607.05420v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study examines how alternative systems of scholarly representation identify and characterize broad public administration (PA) and artificial intelligence related public administration (AI-in-PA) scholarship. Using Web of Science and OpenAlex, it compares five approaches based on author-defined, citation-driven, and AI-assisted representations. The results highlight substantial differences in corpus size, publication types, publishing outlet
CHARLIE: An On-Premise Multi-Agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation System for Evidential Reasoning in Forensic Science
arXiv:2607.05428v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present Charlie, an on-premise multi-agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for structured evidential processing in digital forensic environments. Contemporary forensic workflows must handle large volumes of heterogeneous and unstructured documents under strict requirements of traceability, confidentiality, and legal compliance. Charlie addresses this challenge through a controlled agent architecture that combines local retrieval,
Geometry-Aware Infrastructure-Anchored Denoiser for UWB Sensing and Work-Zone Reconstruction
arXiv:2607.05449v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate work-zone geometry perception is critical for intelligent transportation systems, and ultra-wideband sensing offers a low-cost approach for infrastructure-aided reconstruction. However, outdoor UWB ranging is often degraded by non-line-of-sight propagation, burst noise, and long-tail errors, which can distort downstream spatial reconstruction. We present GAIA, a geometry-aware, infrastructure-anchored learning framework that couples tem
The Granularity Paradox: How Temporal Disaggregation Inflates In-Sample Fit and Compounds Out-of-Sample Error
arXiv:2607.05450v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper explores the "Granularity Paradox" in time-series forecasting, wherein finer temporal disaggregation (e.g., Monthly to Weekly/Daily) improves in-sample diagnostics and dataset size (N), but degrades out-of-sample accuracy due to recursive error compounding over longer horizons (H). Conversely, coarse aggregation (Annual) eliminates recursive error propagation but reduces data available to estimators. We formalize this trade-off and be
Empirical Minimal-Realisation Compression of Deep Neural Networks via Controllability-Observability Tests
arXiv:2607.05457v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep neural networks often contain substantial hidden-state redundancy, but most compression methods operate directly on weights, neurons, or quantised representations without explicitly characterising the dynamical role of internal states. This paper proposes a controllability-observability framework for empirical state-order reduction of deep neural networks. By viewing a trained network as a depth-indexed nonlinear dynamical system, we constr
Is Your NPU Ready for LLMs? Dissecting the Hidden Efficiency Bottlenecks in Mobile LLM Inference
arXiv:2607.05475v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on mobile devices enhances privacy and reduces latency, but is severely bottlenecked by hardware inefficiency. We present the first comprehensive, cross-layer measurement study of mobile LLM inference, uniquely spanning five mainstream frameworks (e.g., llama.cpp, GENIE) and three hardware backends (CPU, GPU, NPU). To enable this analysis, we develop PowerBench, a fine-grained profiling tool that provides t
Privilege and confidentiality in generative AI workflows
arXiv:2607.05479v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative AI (GenAI) systems store and process client data in three distinct ways: in the model's parameters through training and memorisation, in the context window during a live session, and in knowledge databases for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Each mode creates different and often counter-intuitive risks to confidentiality and legal professional privilege, and each calls for specific governance responses. Drawing on the first Engl
Full-range Binary Classifier Calibration for Stable Model Updates in Production
arXiv:2607.05481v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Detection models running in adversarial environments face a malicious distribution that drifts rapidly while the benign distribution stays comparatively stable, so teams retrain and redeploy constantly to stay ahead of new threats. Retraining tends to change the output prediction scores, which breaks downstream users of the model. For these security-oriented models we need consistent false-positive rate (FPR) across all output values, whereas st
PatchOptic for Shared-State LLM Workflows with Projected Views and Verified Structured Updates
arXiv:2607.05483v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agentic workflows often operate over shared, structured state. Because LLM context windows are limited, each model invocation is typically shown only the state fragment needed for the current workflow step, a pattern commonly known as progressive disclosure. Modern systems construct such model-facing views using grep-like keyword search, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), abstract-syntax-tree (AST) queries, and task-specific agent skills. The
Lean-Quantum: Toward AI-Assisted Formalization of Quantum Information
arXiv:2607.05492v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum information theory is built on entropic quantities; among them, the sandwiched R\'enyi relative entropy is a fundamental divergence with various applications, and its data processing inequality (DPI) under quantum channels is a cornerstone result. In this work, we present a Lean 4 library for quantum information, designed as a reusable formal infrastructure for theoretical analysis. As a central demonstration of the library, we formalize
aiAuthZ: Off-Host, Identity-Bound Authorization for AI Agents
arXiv:2607.05518v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI agents issue tool calls on the basis of text they cannot verify, so any party who controls part of the context can forge the appearance of authority. I evaluate 15 contemporary language models against eight attack scenarios derived from a published corpus of real agent incidents and find that refusal varies from 100% down to 38% across fully evaluated models; the most expensive model refused only half of the attacks despite a twentyfold price
Whose fairness? Structural concentration in AI bias research
arXiv:2607.05574v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence increasingly mediates consequential decisions in healthcare, law, and public services, and the field has responded with an extensive methodology for measuring and mitigating bias. Yet the fairness definitions, benchmarks, and debiasing frameworks on which this methodology rests are treated as universal while being produced by a research community whose composition has never been characterized. We show that the AI bias res
Physics-Regularized Machine Learning for Proprioceptive Vehicle Localization Using Onboard Sensors
arXiv:2607.05663v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate and robust localization is essential for autonomous mobility systems in real-world environments. While fusing Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data with satellite-based correction signals provides precise vehicle pose estimates, performance degrades substantially during outages. Recent studies indicate that Machine Learning (ML) can improve IMU-based proprioceptive localization, highlighting untapped potential for onboard sensors readily
K-ABENA: K-Adaptive Backpropagation with Error-based N-exclusion Algorithm : (Compensated Loss-Based Sample Exclusion with Unbiased Gradient Estimation)
arXiv:2607.05903v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present K-ABENA (K-Adaptive Backpropagation with Error-based N-exclusion Algorithm), a selective gradient computation framework that reduces per-iteration training cost by excluding a fraction of low-loss ("minor") observations from the backward pass. Its canonical form (v3) combines a defensive-mixture sampling design over the minor set with Horvitz-Thompson inverse-probability reweighting, yielding a design-unbiased Horvitz-Thompson gradien
BlueMagpie-TTS: A Token-Efficient Tokenizer, Language Model, and TTS for Taiwanese-Accent Code-Switching Speech
arXiv:2607.06054v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Off-the-shelf TTS systems are poorly adapted to Taiwanese Mandarin. Their accent defaults to other Mandarin variants, their tokenizers over-segment common Taiwanese text, and their pronunciation degrades at code-switching boundaries where Chinese and English alternate within one utterance. These problems share one root: the text side lacks adaptation to the Taiwanese context. We address the text side from the bottom up. PangolinTokenizer, a byte
Nested Episodic State Topology (NEST): A Graph-Theoretic Architecture of Cognitive States
arXiv:2607.06055v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present NEST (Nested Episodic State Topology), a foundational graph-theoretic representational ontology for modeling cognition as structured state formation and transformation rather than as a finished empirical model. Concepts, episodes, percepts, and task contexts are represented as typed, weighted graphs whose nodes may carry internal subgraph payloads; edges are typed under six relation classes -- causal, containment, temporal, associativ
When Does Tool Use Increase the Expressive Power of Finite-Precision Recurrent Models?
arXiv:2607.06155v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern sequence models are increasingly deployed as agents that interleave token generation with calls to external tools. We give an exact, architecture-level account of when such tool access increases computational expressivity. We model any fixed finite-precision recurrent sequence model, including finite-precision state-space models (SSMs) with $B$ bits of internal state, as a deterministic finite-state controller interacting with an oracle t
WordVoice: Explicit and Decoupled Multi-Dimensional Word-Level Control for LLM-Based TTS
arXiv:2607.06461v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While recent Large Language Model (LLM)-based Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems have achieved remarkable naturalness, they predominantly rely on implicit end-to-end generation paradigms, resulting in coarse-grained control. In scenarios demanding precise stylistic interventions and strict temporal alignment, such as audiobook narration and video dubbing, the inability to explicitly manipulate word-level acoustic attributes remains a critical bottlene
Transferring Natural Language Datasets Between Languages Using Large Language Models for Modern Decision Support and Sci-Tech Analytical Systems
arXiv:2410.14074v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The decision-making process to rule R&D relies on information related to current trends in particular research areas. In this work, we investigated how one can use large language models (LLMs) to transfer the dataset and its annotation from one language to another. This is crucial since sharing knowledge between different languages could boost certain underresourced directions in the target language, saving lots of effort in data annotation or
Truthful or Fabricated? Using Causal Attribution to Mitigate Reward Hacking in Explanations
arXiv:2504.05294v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chain-of-thought explanations are widely used to inspect the decision process of large language models (LLMs) and to evaluate the trustworthiness of model outputs, making them important for effective collaboration between LLMs and humans. We demonstrate that preference optimization - a key step in the alignment phase - can inadvertently reduce the faithfulness of these explanations. This occurs because the reward model (RM), which guides align
Detoxify: A framework for abusive text transformation using LLMs
arXiv:2507.10177v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant advancements in natural language processing tasks, their effectiveness in the classification and transformation of abusive text into non-abusive versions remains an area for exploration. In this study, we present Detoxify: a framework that employs LLMs to transform abusive text (tweets and reviews) containing hate speech and profanity into non-abusive text while retaining the
MASCA: LLM based-Multi Agents System for Credit Assessment
arXiv:2507.22758v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advancements in financial problem-solving have leveraged LLMs and agent-based systems, with a primary focus on trading and financial modeling. However, credit assessment remains an underexplored challenge, traditionally dependent on rule-based methods and statistical models. In this paper, we introduce MASCA, an LLM-driven multi-agent system designed to enhance credit evaluation by mirroring real-world decision-making processes. The fra
Quantifying Retriever-Generator Alignment in RAG with Local Explanations
arXiv:2601.21803v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems combine dense retrievers and language models to ground their outputs in external documents. However, the interaction between these components remains opaque, creating challenges for deployment in high-stakes domains. We present RAG-E, an end-to-end explainability framework that quantifies retriever-generator alignment through mathematically grounded attribution methods. Our approach adapts Integrate
Omni-RRM: Advancing Omni Reward Modeling via Automatic Rubric-Grounded Preference Synthesis
arXiv:2602.00846v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) struggle with alignment due to the limitations of existing reward models (RMs), which are predominantly vision-centric, dependent on costly human labels, and provide opaque scalar scores that fail to capture nuanced reasoning, leading to brittle alignment. We present Omni-RRM, an \textbf{Omni}-modal \textbf{R}ubric-grounded \textbf{R}eward \textbf{M}odel that generates multi-dimensional reward signals a
PolyJarvis: An LLM-Orchestrated Agent for Automated All-Atom Molecular Dynamics of Amorphous Homopolymers
arXiv:2604.02537v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can predict polymer properties from molecular structure, yet their execution requires specialized expertise in force field selection, system construction, equilibration, and property extraction. We present PolyJarvis, an agent that couples a large language model (LLM) with established simulation toolkits, including Enhanced Monte Carlo (EMC) for system construction and LAMMPS for molecular dynamics,
Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation
arXiv:2604.11290v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Synthesizing supervised finetuning (SFT) data from language models (LMs) to teach smaller models multilingual tasks has become increasingly common. However, teacher model selection is often ad hoc, typically defaulting to the largest available option, even though such models may have significant capability gaps in non-English languages. This practice can result in poor-quality synthetic data and suboptimal student downstream performance. In th
Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models: Benchmarks, Architectures, Evaluation, and Open Challenges
arXiv:2605.19723v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning capabilities, understanding how well they perform mathematical reasoning has become increasingly important. This survey synthesizes recent advancements in mathematical reasoning with LLMs through a structured analysis o
eCREAM-MedCorpus A Large-Scale Corpus of Clinical Notes for Italian
arXiv:2606.12569v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present eCREAM-MedCorpus, a new and unique large-scale dataset of clinical notes produced in Emergency Departments of Italian hospitals. The corpus, in its current version, is composed of approximately 4 million clinical notes fully anonymized, covering diverse phases of patient care during the stay in the emergency department. In addition, a subset of about six thousand notes has been manually annotated by clinical experts through a struct
KaLM-Reranker-V1: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Reranking
arXiv:2606.22807v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As retrieval systems scale, high-quality reranking becomes increasingly important. However, most existing rerankers, whether encoder-based or decoder-based, jointly encode the query and passage, tightly coupling their computation and limiting deployment efficiency as well as flexibility. We present KaLM-Reranker-V1, a fast but not late-interaction (FBNL) reranker that decouples query and passage computation while retaining expressive relevance
The Inattentional Gap: Task-Conditioned Language and Vision Models Omit the Safety-Critical Signals They Can Otherwise Report
arXiv:2606.26529v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI safety is evaluated by how reliably a model detects the hazards it is told to find, yet accidents often arise from the hazard no one specified. We show that conditioning a language or vision model on a narrow task suppresses its reporting of co-present, safety-critical signals it can otherwise report, a machine analogue of human inattentional blindness, produced by a different mechanism. Across radiology and driving text scenarios and chest
Know Your Source: A Public Knowledge Store for Media Background Checks
arXiv:2607.02383v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly used for automated fact-checking (AFC) and related tasks. By grounding LLM outputs in retrieved evidence, RAG-based systems provide transparent justifications while allowing external information to be updated independently of the underlying model. However, existing approaches often assume retrieved evidence is reliable, although real-world information may be conflicting, outdated,
Sparse but Wrong: Incorrect L0 Leads to Incorrect Features in Sparse Autoencoders
arXiv:2508.16560v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) extract features from LLM internal activations, meant to correspond to interpretable concepts. A core SAE training hyperparameter is L0: how many SAE features should fire per token on average. Existing work compares SAE algorithms using sparsity-reconstruction tradeoff plots, implying L0 is a free parameter with no inherently correct value aside from its effect on reconstruction. In this work we study the effec
LLM4Delay: Flight Delay Prediction via Cross-Modality Adaptation of Large Language Models and Aircraft Trajectory Representation
arXiv:2510.23636v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Flight delay prediction has become a key focus in air traffic management (ATM), as delays reflect inefficiencies in the system. This paper proposes LLM4Delay, a large language model (LLM)-based framework for predicting flight delays from the perspective of air traffic controllers monitoring aircraft after they enter the terminal maneuvering area (TMA). LLM4Delay is designed to integrate textual aeronautical information, including flight
High-Resolution Artwork Outpainting with Global Blueprint Guidance and Layout Control
arXiv:2607.06162v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Image outpainting extends an image beyond its original borders, requiring seamless style integration and globally coherent scene completion. Building on the success of diffusion models, recent methods have achieved substantial improvements in visual quality. In practice, however, high-resolution outpainting is commonly performed via progressive expansion around a fixed source image, particularly in artwork scenarios. Despite this progress, existin
MobileWan: Closing the Quality Gap for Mobile Video Diffusion
arXiv:2607.06173v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in video diffusion have been driven by scaling transformer-based architectures to billions of parameters, substantially improving visual fidelity and motion coherence. In contrast, existing mobile video diffusion models remain limited to relatively small parameter budgets, typically 0.4-1.8B, restricting generation quality. In this work, we show that high-quality mobile video generation does not require small models. Instead, we de
Revisiting Scene Graph Generation from the Perspective of Detector-Conditioned Reachability
arXiv:2607.06176v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scene graph generation (SGG) approaches can be broadly classified into detector-based and query-based methods according to their underlying reasoning mechanisms. However, the discrepancy in their predictive behaviors, induced by these distinct mechanisms, has not been systematically analyzed. In this work, we design a controlled experimental setup to examine prediction discrepancies from the perspective of detector-conditioned reachability. The re
MoWorld: A Flash World Model
arXiv:2607.06216v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The future of World Models depends not only on scaling model capability, but also on scaling practicality and inference efficiency. High-frame-rate inference enables responsive perception, planning, and control in real-world autonomous systems. To this end, we present MoWorld, a cost-effective yet high-performance Flash World Model with an end-to-end framework spanning data generation, pre-training, distillation, and efficient inference, enabling
EeveeDark: A Binary Neural Framework for Low-Light Video Enhancement via Event-Guided Sensor-Level Fusion
arXiv:2607.06217v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enhancing videos under extreme low-light conditions remains challenging due to the difficulty of balancing restoration quality and computational efficiency in resource-constrained settings. This paper introduces EeveeDark, a low-light video enhancement framework that combines the spatial richness of sensor-level RAW data with the temporal precision of event streams. Central to our model is a Binary Neural Network (BNN) architecture that reduces co
WING: A Window-Prior-Based Generative Network with Gated Inception for Cross-Modality CT Synthesis
arXiv:2607.06234v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generating CT volumes from MRI and CBCT can improve treatment planning in adaptive radiotherapy while avoiding additional radiation exposure. However, direct regression of CT intensities is challenged by the inherently high dynamic range and long-tailed distributions, thereby averaging out sparse yet clinically important structures. To alleviate this issue, we reformulate the regression target into multiple windowed representations, leveraging the
VendorBench-100: A Unified Cross-Paradigm Benchmark for Deepfake Image Detection
arXiv:2607.06254v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deepfake image detection is currently served by three fundamentally different paradigms: commercial APIs, zero-shot vision-language models (LLMs), and open-source detectors. Despite their widespread use, these paradigms are rarely evaluated under a common protocol, making direct comparison difficult. We introduce VendorBench-100, a cross-paradigm benchmark that evaluates 36 representative models using a single adversarial 100-image corpus, a unifi
MAC-XA: Multi-view Anatomy-Correspondence Fusion for Coronary Stenosis Reporting from X-ray Angiography
arXiv:2607.06268v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-view reasoning in coronary X-ray angiography is inherently a cross-projection geometric problem, yet automated report generation in this setting remains largely unexplored. The 3D vascular topology leads to projection-dependent branch overlap and foreshortening, rendering single-view modeling fundamentally incomplete and unstable for lesion localization and stenosis grading. Although multi-view fusion appears promising, learning anatomically
AlayaWorld: Long-Horizon and Playable Video World Generation
arXiv:2607.06291v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Game worlds have traditionally been built through labor-intensive production pipelines, making them costly to develop, difficult to customization, and expensive to modify after deployment. Recent advances in video world models offer a fundamentally different paradigm. Rather than explicitly authoring every component of a virtual environment, these models autoregressively synthesize future observations conditioned on the current world state and use
Visual graphs for image classification: does the structure affect performance?
arXiv:2607.06295v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning models have emerged in machine learning and related fields, demonstrating astonishing performance in various visual tasks. Despite their great success, however, these models are unable to fully encode intrinsic visual structures, and often ignore the spatial, topological, and semantic information contained within an image. Graph neural networks offer a good framework to face this aspect, but their effective use for visual tasks has b
Token-Based Dual-view Fusion and Adaptation of Large Vision Models for Breast Cancer Classification
arXiv:2607.06309v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate breast cancer classification from mammography requires effective integration of complementary information from craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views, which provide a more complete characterization of breast abnormalities. However, existing multi-view learning approaches typically rely on feature-level aggregation or single-stage cross-attention, which can entangle view-specific and shared representations and restrict inte
Synthetic-to-Real Translation for Class-Agnostic Motion Prediction
arXiv:2607.06319v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Motion understanding is critical for ensuring safety and robustness in autonomous driving systems, driving increasing interest in motion prediction. A key challenge in this domain is the high cost associated with acquiring real-world motion labels. It is therefore ideal if we could transfer motion knowledge from synthetic data to real data. In this context, we explore the potential of synthetic-to-real translation for motion prediction (SRMP). How
Generalized Synthetic Image Detection with Enhanced RGB-Noise Representation Learning
arXiv:2607.06354v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid advancement of large-scale generative models has accelerated the spread of highly deceptive AI-generated images, making generalized synthetic image detection a critical imperative. Existing forensic networks often struggle with cross-model generalization and realworld degradations due to their reliance on single-domain representations and conventional binary classification optimization. To overcome these limitations, we propose RNSIDNet,
VaseMuseum: Digital Intelligent Museum for Ancient Greek Pottery
arXiv:2607.06374v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) have made interactive digital museums increasingly feasible by connecting 3D digitization with natural-language artifact exploration. However, in cultural heritage domains such as ancient Greek pottery, reliable VLM assistance is limited by two challenges. First, open-ended interpretation requires grounding fine-grained 2D/3D visual evidence in specialized curatorial knowledge, yet the retrieval process may introduce
FADRA: Frequency-Aware Diffusion with Residual Adaptation for Video Face Restoration
arXiv:2607.06389v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video face restoration (VFR) aims to recover high-quality and temporally consistent facial details from severely degraded video sequences; however, existing methods still struggle to balance spatial fidelity and temporal coherence under complex degradations. To address this, we propose FADRA, a frequency-aware diffusion framework with iterative residual adaptation specifically tailored for robust VFR. We first leverage the strong temporal consiste
What Images Cannot Say: Language-Guided Olfactory Representation Learning
arXiv:2607.06402v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Images tell us what a scene looks like, but rarely what it would feel like to be there. While recent datasets pair visual scenes with electronic-nose measurements, aligning smell signals with images remains challenging because many olfactory cues arise from contextual environmental factors that are not directly visible in pixels. We introduce SCENT, a multimodal framework that uses language guidance as a semantic bridge between vision and olfactio
Temporal Modeling of Optically Variable Devices in Identity Documents
arXiv:2607.06408v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robust remote verification of identity documents relies on analyzing faint, transparent security features like Optically Variable Devices (OVDs), or "holograms", within user-captured videos under uncontrolled conditions. Current systems, however, face critical limitations: existing methods often treat video frames in isolation, neglecting the intrinsic dynamic nature of OVDs and leaving systems vulnerable to swapping attacks, or focus on general h
HoloCount: A Holistic Visual Counting Benchmark for MLLMs
arXiv:2607.06420v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual counting is a fundamental pillar of multimodal intelligence, requiring a seamless integration of fine-grained grounding and spatial reasoning. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in qualitative scene understanding, their quantitative precision remains a significant bottleneck, often characterized by persistent numerical hallucinations. Existing counting benchmarks primarily focus on basic percepti
XRFormer: Multiscale Tokenization for XRF Representation Learning
arXiv:2607.06424v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a key modality for material analysis in cultural heritage. However, automated learning from XRF spectra remains challenging: XRF spectra are complex one-dimensional signals composed of sharp elemental peaks, broader structures, and background variations that are not taken into account by existing learning-based models. This paper introduces XRFormer, a transformer architecture tailored to XRF spectra throug
PIPBench: A Profile-Inclusive Framework for Personalized Image Generation Evaluation
arXiv:2607.06440v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent text-to-image models such as DALLE-3 excel at following diverse prompts yet remain blind to individual aesthetic preferences. We study personalized image generation, where models must align outputs with a user's implicit visual preferences based on a few historically preferred images and a short prompt. To this end, we introduce PIPBench, the first profile-inclusive benchmark for evaluating personalized image generation. We further propose
What Do AI Agents Actually Change? An Empirical Taxonomy of Mutation Patterns in Performance-Improving Pull Requests
arXiv:2607.05666v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI coding agents are black boxes: we cannot inspect how they generate code, but we can inspect what they change. This distinction matters for search-based software engineering (SBSE), where techniques such as genetic improvement (in the performance-optimisation application we study) depend on mutation operators that reflect how code is actually transformed. Fewer than 1% of the 33,596 agent PRs in AIDev-pop target performance, making each case a
Beyond Accuracy: How Humans Evaluate Legally Correct but Socially Controversial Legal Advice from Machines
arXiv:2607.05680v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI systems are increasingly used to provide legal advice, raising questions about whether laypeople accept guidance from algorithms--especially when that advice is legally correct but socially controversial. We report a preregistered survey experiment with 3,348 adults in mainland China examining how people evaluate identical legal advice when it is attributed either to an AI system or to a human lawyer, and when it is accompanied by reasoning o
Depression Symptoms and Relational Patterns in 187k ChatGPT Histories
arXiv:2607.05685v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used as private, always-available conversational systems, but little is known about how people with depressive symptoms use them. Building on CSCW work on disclosure and peer support, we examine ChatGPT as an emerging informal support infrastructure: private, persistent, responsive, and available outside ordinary hours. We analyze 187,093 ChatGPT conversations from 766 participants who completed the PHQ-8,
Plainbook: Data Science, in Plain Language
arXiv:2607.05717v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Jupyter Notebooks have become widely adopted in data science, as they allow the sharing of reproducible computational analysis. They are, however, accessible only to people who understand computer code. To reach the broader audience of scientists interested in data analysis and computation, but unfamiliar with code, we introduce Plainbook, notebooks centered on natural language rather than code. Plainbook is based on two principles: promote th
The Balkanization of Execution-Security Research for AI Coding Agents: Isolation, Access Control, and Time-of-Check-to-Time-of-Use Vulnerabilities
arXiv:2607.05743v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI coding agents now read repositories, call tools, and execute shell commands with limited human oversight, and a fast-growing body of work studies whether the execution layer around them is actually safe. That literature is scattered. Papers on sandbox isolation, capability and access control, policy enforcement, time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) races, Model Context Protocol (MCP) threats, identity delegation, execution provenance, networ
Unicode TAG-Block Concealment of Tool-Metadata Payloads in the Model Context Protocol: An Approval-View Fidelity Gap Across Three Independent Server Implementations
arXiv:2607.05744v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is the dominant way coding agents discover and invoke external tools. A server advertises each tool through a tools/list handshake that returns a name, a natural-language description, and a JSON input schema. The client renders this metadata once, in a one-time approval dialog, and then injects it verbatim into the model's context on every subsequent turn. Nothing in the protocol requires the rendered approval vi
Data-dependent Evaluations for Budgeted Submodular Maximization
arXiv:2607.05759v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Submodular maximization is an important building block for developing algorithms in many areas such as machine learning and data mining. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, analysis of submodular maximization algorithms typically provides pessimistic worst-case approximation factors only. It is not easy to evaluate how close a produced solution is to an optimal one for a given problem instance. In this paper, we develop new data-dependent upp
Decision-Focused Scenario Generation and Selection for Efficient and Robust Grid Dispatch
arXiv:2607.05830v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The increasing uncertainty from flexible demand and renewable generation has made distributionally robust optimization (DRO) an important tool for robust power system dispatch. DRO relies on forecast scenarios to construct ambiguity sets, but conventional scenario generation pipelines are often trained in an accuracy-oriented manner and may neglect spatial correlations among uncertainties. This mismatch can produce ambiguity sets that are statis
Tangent classes of matroids and wonderful compactifications
arXiv:2607.05835v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For every loopless matroid $M$ and every Feichtner--Yuzvinsky building set $\mathcal{G}$ containing the top flat, we construct an integral tangent class $T_{M,\mathcal{G}}^{\mathbb{Z}}\in K_{\mathbb{Z}}(M,\mathcal{G})$; in the realizable case it specializes to the class of the tangent bundle of the corresponding wonderful compactification, it recovers the Hilbert series of the Chow ring through Hirzebruch--Riemann--Roch, and it satisfies the exp
VisTCP: A Visualization Framework to Construct Knowledge-Graph-Based Representation for Traditional Chinese Painting
arXiv:2607.05841v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Structured representation can characterize semantic objects and relationships in images. It provides a possible effective way for the semantic understanding of Traditional Chinese Paintings (TCPs) to better support archaeology and art history research. However, most image-oriented structured representation methods perform poorly on TCPs, due to two major challenges: 1) the objects and events of TCPs exhibit substantial differences from modern na
Beyond Refusal: A Same-Lineage Study of Aligned and Abliterated LLMs for Vulnerability Analysis
arXiv:2607.05842v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM)-assisted software security operates at a difficult boundary: the vulnerability-analysis terminology needed for legitimate code review, triage, and repair can closely resemble terminology associated with misuse. Existing safety and cybersecurity evaluations are difficult to interpret in this setting because they often compare unrelated model families, thereby conflating safety behavior with differences in architecture,
Differentially Private Natural Gradient Descent
arXiv:2607.05866v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Under a fixed privacy budget, the utility of differentially private (DP) training is ultimately determined by its optimization efficiency. Standard first-order DP optimizers such as DP-SGD rely solely on local gradients and ignore the underlying loss curvature. This geometric blindness causes severe zigzagging in ill-conditioned landscapes, squandering precious privacy budgets on inefficient iterations. Practitioners are thus trapped in a bind:
Think Before You Grid-Search: Floor-First Triage for LLM Serving
arXiv:2607.05876v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM serving optimization typically benchmarks many configurations and reaches for heavy profilers when latency targets are missed. We argue for the reverse discipline: estimation is the analytical layer of profiling -- without it, optimization degenerates to grid search. Floor First is a residual-driven triage workflow. Each decode step is modeled as a five-dimensional resource vector (HBM bytes, FLOPs, network bytes, network messages, KV capaci
i-EXAM: Instructable and Explainable Attack Connectivity Graph Modeler
arXiv:2607.05888v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: i-EXAM is a planning-powered tool that helps system administrators to create security profiles of complex networks and perform what-if analyses to identify network hardening strategies. It leverages planning compilation that provides soundness and completeness guarantees to identify attack paths, evaluate security metrics, generate diverse hardening strategies, and explain these strategies in natural language using Large Language Models.
Signed-Graph Recommendation as Structural Consistency Maximization
arXiv:2607.05952v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While signed social recommendation has shown great potential by modeling both trust and distrust relations, its effectiveness is often hindered by structural noise and data sparsity. In this work, we first identify a fundamental inconsistency across the structural, propagation, and semantic layers of existing models, which leads to biased representations learned from sparse or noisy datasets. Furthermore, we observe that most existing methods tr
Agentic AI for IPoDWDM Network Lifecycle Automation: An MCP-Enabled Architecture
arXiv:2607.05958v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a distributed, vendor-agnostic multi-MCP architecture for SDN-based automation and autonomous control of multi-vendor, multi-layer IPoDWDM networks. The framework enables E2E service lifecycle automation, closed-loop cross-layer control using GNPy model and optical telemetry, and is experimentally validated on a IPoDWDM testbed.
MCP-Enabled Agentic AI for Autonomous IPoDWDM Network Lifecycle Automation
arXiv:2607.05975v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This demo presents an MCP-enabled agentic AI architecture for autonomous control of vendor-agnostic IPoDWDM networks. We demonstrate live end-to-end lifecycle multi-layer automation and closed-loop control using GNPy and telemetry, validated on a real testbed.
Prompt Coach: An Empirical Evaluation of an Agentic Tutor for Learning Prompt Engineering in Software Development
arXiv:2607.06074v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prompt engineering has emerged as a critical yet undertaught skill for software developers, one that traditional learning approaches are ill-equipped to support given its evolving, interactive, and context-dependent nature. In this paper, we introduce Prompt Coach (PC), an agentic tutor that helps developers learn how to craft high-quality code-generation prompts through Socratic guidance embedded in-flow within their IDE. PC evaluates prompt qu
Agents That Teach: Towards Designing Incidental Learning Back into AI-Assisted Software Development
arXiv:2607.06101v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI coding agents are rapidly reshaping how software is built, with developers increasingly delegating substantial coding tasks to autonomous agents in pursuit of higher productivity. While these gains are real, they come at the cost of incidental learning. Developers historically acquired informal knowledge through effortful problem-solving, and this has long shaped how software engineering expertise develops. However, with over-reliance on agen
LLM-Guided Measurement Credibility Correction for Trustworthy Industrial Process Inference
arXiv:2607.06111v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Industrial prediction and soft sensing depend on credible input measurements. In field deployment, a predictor may receive biased, delayed, stale, or derived measurements that still look plausible. Prediction can then fail before the forecasting backbone becomes the main limitation, because the input window no longer represents the real process. Sensor reconstruction, data reconciliation, and fault-tolerant soft sensing reduce this risk, but the
SecureCode: A Production-Grade Multi-Turn Dataset for Training Security-Aware Code Generation Models
arXiv:2512.18542v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: AI coding assistants produce vulnerable code in 45\% of security-relevant scenarios~\cite{veracode2025}, yet no public training dataset teaches both traditional web security and AI/ML-specific defenses in a format suitable for instruction tuning. We present SecureCode, a production-grade dataset of 2,185 multi-turn security training examples spanning two domains: web application security (1,435 examples covering the OWASP Top 10 2021 acr
BabyVision: Visual Reasoning Beyond Language
arXiv:2601.06521v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While humans develop core visual skills long before acquiring language, contemporary Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) still rely heavily on linguistic priors to compensate for their fragile visual understanding. We uncovered a crucial fact: state-of-the-art MLLMs consistently fail on basic visual tasks that humans, even 3-year-olds, can solve effortlessly. To systematically investigate this gap, we introduce BabyVision, a benchmark designed to as
Multi-Task Instruction Tuning via Data Scheduling for Low-Resource Arabic SpeechLLMs
arXiv:2601.12494v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Audio large language models (LLMs) enable unified speech understanding and generation, but adapting them to linguistically complex and dialect-rich settings such as Arabic-English remains challenging. We present a controlled study of multi-task instruction tuning for an Arabic-centric audio LLM across generative tasks, including automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech and text summarization, as well as discriminative tasks, includi
Learning from Execution: Self-Evolving Memory for Private-Library Code Generation
arXiv:2604.24222v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on general code generation, but their effectiveness drops sharply in enterprise settings where software development relies on internal private libraries absent from public pre-training corpora. Existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods provide a training-free solution by retrieving static API documentation, but our analysis shows that documentation mainly helps mod
Decomposing Queries into Tool Calls for Long-Video Keyframe Retrieval
arXiv:2605.23826v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Keyframe selection is a direct way to provide verifiable visual evidence for long-video question answering (QA). Queries differ in what they require, and finding the right frames depends on knowing what to look for. Existing keyframe selectors either score every frame against a single query, or decompose the query into a fixed schema evaluated by a single visual tool. We propose ToolMerge, a keyframe retrieval method based on decompositi
An LLM-Native Psychometric Instrument Reveals a Self-Report--Behavior Gap Across 25 Models
arXiv:2606.09843v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) give stable answers to personality questionnaires, yet these self-reports fail to predict how the models behave. Is this gap an artifact of forcing human trait categories onto LLMs, or something deeper about LLM self-report? To find out, we built the first psychometric instrument whose dimensions are derived from LLM behavior rather than human psychology. Administering 300 items (240 Likert + 60 scenario) to
Your AI Travel Agent Would Book You a Bullfight: An Agentic Benchmark for Implicit Animal Welfare in Frontier AI Models
arXiv:2606.18142v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Previous research has evaluated animal welfare using question-and-answer benchmarks. This study investigates whether these evaluations also hold in agentic settings. The agents may showcase different behaviors compared to stand-alone large language models, as demonstrated in prior studies. This work introduces \textit{TAC (Travel Agent Compassion)}: the first agentic benchmark for assessing animal exploitation. TAC evaluates AI agentic b
When Lower Privileges Suffice: Investigating Over-Privileged Tool Selection in LLM Agents
arXiv:2606.20023v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As LLM agents increasingly select tools autonomously, their choices among tools with different privileges become safety-relevant. However, prior tool-selection studies focus on safety-agnostic metadata preferences, leaving privilege-sensitive choices underexplored. To address this gap, we study over-privileged tool selection, in which an agent selects or escalates to a higher-privilege tool despite a sufficient lower-privilege alternativ
Reproducibility Study of "AlphaEdit: Null-Space Constrained Knowledge Editing for Language Models"
arXiv:2606.26783v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fang et al. (2025) introduced a null-space constrained projection, named AlphaEdit, for locate-then-edit knowledge editing methods, theoretically guaranteeing that edits do not disrupt previously preserved knowledge, and reports substantial gains over existing editing methods on LLaMA3, GPT2-XL, and GPT-J. In this work, we present a reproducibility study of AlphaEdit, reproducing its reported results under the original experimental setup
Analysis-by-Proxy: Localization Signals in VLMs Operating as Condition Encoders
arXiv:2607.06445v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly utilized as the conditioning backbone for diffusion-based image editing due to their remarkable multimodal reasoning capabilities. While standalone VLMs demonstrate strong localization capabilities, editing pipelines frequently struggle to maintain this accuracy, particularly in complex, multi-entity scenes. In this work, we investigate this performance gap, hypothesizing that it stems from treating t
Andha-Dhun: A First Look at Audio Descriptions in Hindi
arXiv:2607.06457v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Audio Descriptions (ADs) narrate visual content for Blind and Low Vision (BLV) audiences during gaps in audiovisual media. There is growing momentum around ADs in movies and TV shows, and with mandates from India's Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), there is a need to expand ADs beyond English. Yet, there is no work that generates ADs for any Indian language. To address this gap, we present the first systematic study of ADs in Hindi, cont
Verification of Dynamic Holographic Behavior in Identity Documents
arXiv:2607.06466v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper addresses the remote verification of the authenticity of Optically Variable Devices (commonly known as holograms) on identity documents. Typically placed over the cardholder's photo, these devices provide strong and easily verifiable security for human inspection but pose challenges for automated verification. Existing approaches easily cover static frauds (e.g. paper photocopy) and can be evaluated for such, but their capacity to detec
AirflowAttack: Thermal-Airflow Adversarial Perturbations against Infrared Remote-Sensing Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.06485v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed on infrared (IR) remote sensing imagery in security-critical settings, yet their adversarial robustness remains unexamined. We present AirflowAttack, to our knowledge the first adversarial attack for IR remote-sensing VLMs and the first to weaponize thermal-airflow turbulence as the perturbation prior. A lightweight generator synthesizes a single input-agnostic perturbation regularized toward
Point as Skeleton: Accumulated Point Cloud Enhanced Autoregressive Generation for Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving Simulation
arXiv:2607.06516v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) remains challenging, as existing driving simulation methods often trade off closed-loop interactivity (e.g., CARLA) and real-world visual fidelity (e.g., nuScenes). We present \textbf{\emph{Point as Skeleton}}, a generative sensor simulation framework for state-updated autoregressive driving video generation, in which an autoregressive generator synthesizes visual observations from step-wise update
CAIRN: Cross-Room 3D Scene Understanding with Topology-Aware Large Multimodal Models
arXiv:2607.06534v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing 3D scene-grounded Large Language Models (3D-LLMs) focus on answering questions grounded in simplified single-room 3D scenes, lacking the ability to reason over real-world household environments containing multiple interconnected rooms and diverse object categories. We introduce CAIRN, a topology-aware 3D-LLM for multi-room 3D scene understanding. CAIRN aligns transformer attention with scene hierarchy, giving the model explicit awareness
MonoIR-RS: Infrared Remote Sensing Vision-Language Learning with CLIP and VLM Adaptation
arXiv:2607.06552v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Infrared remote-sensing imagery captures intensity structure, object-background contrast, and illumination-invariant cues often invisible in RGB imagery. Yet, most remote-sensing vision-language resources and models focus on visible-band semantics, leaving infrared vision-language understanding underexplored. We introduce MonoIR-RS, a large-scale infrared remote-sensing vision-language dataset and benchmark that couples IR-aware data construction
ProxyPose: 6-DoF Pose Tracking via Video-to-Video Translation
arXiv:2607.06555v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tracking the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) pose of objects and surfaces from monocular video is a long-standing problem in computer vision. To tackle this problem, existing methods require inputs beyond the video itself-such as 3D models, depth maps, object masks, or task-specific learned features-and they struggle with textureless, transparent, reflective, or deformable surfaces. Here, we introduce ProxyPose, which recasts 6-DoF pose tracking as
ELSA3D: Elastic Semantic Anchoring for Unified 3D Understanding and Generation
arXiv:2607.06565v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unified 3D foundation models aspire to generate 3D assets and reason about them in language within a single backbone, but their text-3D interaction remains largely implicit. Existing methods concatenate text and 3D tokens into a flat sequence and rely on self-attention, collapsing coarse structural cues and fine geometric details into one undifferentiated representation. We introduce ELSA3D, a unified 3D model that addresses this with elastic sema
Abductive Corroboration of Probabilistic AI Models for Forensic Synthetic Media Detection
arXiv:2607.05434v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, at their core, apply general learnings from broad datasets to individual circumstances using probabilistic behaviour. This inductive approach stands in contrast to deductive reasoning approaches which seek to prove conclusions from their premises. However, research has shown that deductive reasoning with AI models is a challenging problem and in the real-world it may not always be feasible. An alternative way
BitFair: A 12nm Bit-Serial CNN Accelerator with Learnable Early Termination and Adaptive Bit Ordering for Ultra-Low-Power XR Vision
arXiv:2607.05445v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Extended Reality (XR) wearables require always-on perception within tight power envelopes of a few watts and motion-to-photon latency budgets below 20 ms, leaving only a few milliseconds for neural-network inference. Bit-serial computing is attractive for such energy-efficient neural network acceleration, but many existing architectures still process all bits even when ReLU sets the final output to zero. This paper presents BitFair, a software-h
$\mathbf{\lambda}$-VAE: Variance Equalization for Posterior Collapse
arXiv:2607.05531v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) frequently suffer from posterior collapse, a failure mode in which the approximate posterior converges to the prior, rendering the latent code uninformative. Despite extensive research, a unified account of why collapse occurs has remained an open question. We identify and formalize two logically independent but coupled causes. \emph{Gradient imbalance} occurs when the decoder's reconstruction signal vanishes fast
GEM-Occ: From Visual Geometry Evidence to Embodied Semantic Occupancy Memory
arXiv:2607.05543v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Semantic occupancy provides a structured spatial memory for embodied indoor agents by jointly representing occupied regions, observed free space, unknown areas, and object semantics. However, existing indoor occupancy benchmarks and methods mainly focus on single-view prediction or room-level online perception, leaving long-horizon semantic mapping across connected indoor spaces underexplored. We introduce HIOcc, a hierarchical indoor occupancy
SSA-3DGS: Unsupervised Removal of Screen-Space Artifacts for 3D Gaussian Splatting
arXiv:2607.05598v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Novel View Synthesis (NVS) methods, such as 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), rely heavily on the assumption of clean, multi-view consistent, posed input images. Real-world captures can violate this assumption due to screen-space artifacts-static occlusions fixed to the 2D image plane rather than to the 3D world. Common examples include physical sensor defects, environmental obstructions (such as rain or mud on the lens enclosure), capture obstructi
FourTune: Towards Fully 4-Bit Efficient Post-Training for Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.05711v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion models have become a dominant paradigm for high-quality generative modeling, while post-training is essential for adapting them to diverse downstream applications. However, post-training of large diffusion models is still challenging due to the prohibitive memory footprints and slow training speed, which existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods only partially address. To overcome these limitations, we propose FourTune, an effic
GraspIT: A Dataset Bridging the Sim-to-Real gap and back for Validated Grasping SE(3) Pose Generation
arXiv:2607.05869v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robust robotic grasping of novel objects requires datasets that simultaneously provide photorealistic RGB-D observations, physically validated grasp quality annotations, and a principled bridge between simulation and the real world, which existing datasets lack to provide jointly. \textbf{GraspIT} addresses this gap: tabletop scenes in NVIDIA Isaac Sim are annotated via a four-stage physical slip-test on parallel Franka Panda instances, producin
OrchardBench: A Physically-Grounded, GPU-Parallel Apple-Orchard Simulation Benchmark for Agricultural Robotics
arXiv:2607.06337v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robotic tree-fruit harvesting is a flagship problem for agricultural automation, but progress is bottlenecked by the cost and irreproducibility of field experiments: an orchard is available only weeks a year, every tree is different, and a control error can permanently damage the crop or the plant. The tree models used in graphics and agronomy are geometrically detailed but physically inert, while the GPU-parallel simulators used in robot learni
TMF-RSE: Tri-Modal Fusion with Regional Semantics and Evidential Uncertainty for Lung Severity Scoring
arXiv:2607.06356v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate quantification of lung disease severity from chest imaging is critical for clinical decision-making and resource allocation. We propose a tri-modal deep learning framework, TMF-RSE (Tri-Modal Fusion with Regional Semantics and Evidential Uncertainty), that combines appearance features from two-dimensional chest inputs, structural features from lung segmentation masks, and semantic features from vision-language models (VLMs) for severity
TILDE: TILt-based Distributional Erasure for Concept Unlearning
arXiv:2607.06432v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Concept unlearning in text-to-image diffusion models is critical for safe and practical deployment: with rising privacy concerns, copyright disputes, trademark constraints, and safety regulations, deployed systems must be able to suppress unwanted concepts after training. Existing methods often remove the target concept effectively, but practical unlearning also requires an equally fundamental property: the unlearned model should retain quality,
WristMimic: Full-Body Humanoid Control with Wrist-Guided Manipulation
arXiv:2607.06438v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retargeting human object interaction demonstrations to physics based simulation requires reproducing not only body motion but also the object motion and contacts that make manipulation succeed. However, position only hand trajectories do not specify the contact forces needed to manipulate objects, and directly tracking them can overconstrain contact rich finger behavior. We introduce WristMimic, a wrist guided whole body control framework that e
x-Prediction Is All You Need:Training-Free Accelerated Generation via Endpoint Decodability
arXiv:2607.06114v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion and flow matching models generate high-quality samples, but their ODE samplers often need tens to hundreds of neural function evaluations (NFEs). This remains a practical challenge for released checkpoints, since many accelerators require additional design choices and training cost through retraining, distillation, or trajectory redesign. We investigate a different route based on $x$-prediction. During sampling, standard affine probabi
Static Metrics Are Insufficient: Predicting Java Method Energy Usage with Execution Time
arXiv:2607.06124v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The increasing energy demand of software systems is raising concerns about their environmental impact and associated costs. Reasoning on energy usage early in the development flow has the potential to significantly reduce the overall energy usage of a software system, as it allows developers to make informed design and refactoring decisions before inefficiencies propagate. However, assessing energy usage without repeated profiling and direct mea
Property-Driven Synthetic Data Engineering for Data-Scarce Software Systems: Reflections from the Breast Cancer Domain
arXiv:2607.06133v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern software systems increasingly depend on data for analysis, prediction, testing, and decision-making. Yet many important domains, including medicine, safety-critical systems, and regulated industries, lack abundant, shareable, or representative data. Synthetic data generation is often proposed as a remedy, but our experience engineering software for intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in breast cancer treatment suggests that synthetic data
X-FEMR: A Token-level Explainable Approach for Electronic Health Records Foundation Models using Transformer-based Models
arXiv:2607.06163v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Foundation Models for Electronic Health Records (FEMRs) are pretrained on large-scale structured patient data, enabling them to convert longitudinal patient trajectories into generalizable representations for diverse clinical prediction tasks. Despite their effectiveness, FEMRs remain black-box models, raising concerns about bias, interpretability, and clinical trust. To address this, we propose the first token-level explainability approach for
UBEP: Re-architecting Expert Parallelism Communication Library for Production Superpods
arXiv:2607.06202v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models on production high-bandwidth superpods, such as NVIDIA's NVL72/576 and Huawei's CloudMatrix384, introduces critical challenges beyond raw interconnect bandwidth. While these systems provide unified global address spaces and high-bandwidth fabrics, their full potential for sparse MoE communication is hindered by three fundamental bottlenecks: (1) Strict execution serialization imposed by coarse-gr
Designing Maintainable Hybrid Generative Systems: A Quantum-Inspired Approach to Automated Music Harmony Generation
arXiv:2607.06296v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents the design and evaluation of a maintainable hybrid generative architecture for automated music harmony generation from melody. The proposed system combines quantum-inspired candidate exploration over overlapping melodic contexts with explicit rule-based optimization to balance generative flexibility and structural control. The architecture is evaluated using explicit and reproducible metrics covering structural coherence, fun
Harnessing Code Agents for Automatic Software Verification
arXiv:2607.06341v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Formal verification offers the strongest guarantee of software correctness, but it does not scale: the proofs demanded by interactive theorem provers such as Coq require enormous expert effort. Large language models (LLMs) promise to generate these proofs automatically, yet existing approaches wire a fixed, human-designed proof strategy into the system and constrain the model to follow it (retrieving premises and predicting tactics one step at a
Responsible Personalisation: The Double-Edged Sword of Personalisation in Human-Robot Interaction
arXiv:2607.06344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While personalisation is becoming a defining capability in human-robot interaction (HRI), the existing literature on responsible personalisation remains fragmented, offering isolated accounts of ethical risks without a structured understanding of how they emerge across interaction contexts. This gap is particularly critical in HRI, where robots' embodiment and social presence can amplify and reshape such risks or generate new types of risks. We
An Experimental Design Approach to Evaluating Agentic AI's Autonomous Model Discovery
arXiv:2607.06413v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model coding agents increasingly perform open-ended data modeling and analysis. These agents are stochastic and adaptive, and therefore their autonomous model discovery behavior cannot be adequately characterized by a single benchmark run. In this work, we propose an experimental design and analysis framework for systematically evaluating this discovery process, quantifying its variability, and identifying important factors. The p
Provable learning separation for predicting time-evolution of quantum many-body systems
arXiv:2607.06472v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Given that quantum computers are naturally suited to simulate the behavior of quantum many-body systems, an immediate question arises: can one formulate physically motivated quantum machine learning (QML) tasks that exhibit learning separations? We address this problem by studying the learnability of quantum many-body dynamics from the perspective of probably approximately correct (PAC)-learning. Concretely, we devise a supervised learning probl
Industry Classification of GitHub Repositories Using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
arXiv:2607.06505v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: GitHub hosts hundreds of millions of public repositories, but the platform exposes no native mapping from repositories to standardized industry sectors. This gap limits empirical work on the geography of innovation, the industrial composition of open-source production, and the diffusion of new technologies across economic sectors. We present NAICS-GH, a publicly released corpus of 6,588 GitHub repositories drawn from source pools covering the Un
Graph Convolutional Attention: A Spectral Perspective on Graph Denoising and Diffusion
arXiv:2607.06546v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Denoising graphs is a fundamental problem in graph learning and the core operation of graph diffusion models. Attention-based architectures like graph transformers have recently shown promise in denoising graphs. However, our principled understanding of attention-based graph denoising remains limited, making it unclear whether standard attention is the right mechanism for this task. Here we show that, under a denoising objective, linear attentio
Base Models Know How to Reason, Thinking Models Learn When
arXiv:2510.07364v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: What do thinking language models learn during training that their base models lack? We first present an unsupervised method that discovers a model's reasoning behaviors by training small Sparse Autoencoders on sentence-level activations of reasoning traces, yielding interpretable reasoning taxonomies. Building on this, we introduce constructive model diffing, which aims to reconstruct the base-to-fine-tuned difference from interpretable compon
Beyond Reactivity: Measuring Proactive Problem Solving in LLM Agents
arXiv:2510.19771v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-based agents are increasingly moving towards proactivity: rather than awaiting instruction, they exercise agency to anticipate user needs and solve them autonomously. However, evaluating proactivity is challenging; current benchmarks are constrained to localized context, limiting their ability to test reasoning across sources and longer time horizons. To address this gap, we present PROBE (Proactive Resolution Of BottlEnecks). PROBE decomp
When Assisting One Disempowers Another
arXiv:2511.04177v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Personal AI agents are increasingly deployed in shared environments, where their actions affect not just the primary user they are assisting, but bystanders who never consented to being affected by the system. We show that a well-meaning AI assistant optimizing for one user's benefit can unintentionally erode a bystander's agency, a phenomenon we formalize as bystander disempowerment. We theoretically characterize the conditions under which di
Implementing Metric Temporal Answer Set Programming
arXiv:2601.20735v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We develop a computational approach to Metric Answer Set Programming (ASP) to allow for expressing quantitative temporal constraints, like durations and deadlines. A central challenge is to maintain scalability when dealing with fine-grained timing constraints, which can significantly exacerbate ASP's grounding bottleneck. To address this issue, we leverage extensions of ASP with difference constraints, a simplified form of linear constraints,
Agentic AI for Commercial Insurance Underwriting with Adversarial Self-Critique
arXiv:2602.13213v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Commercial insurance underwriting is a labor-intensive process that requires manual review of extensive documentation to assess risk and determine policy pricing. While AI offers substantial efficiency improvements, existing solutions lack comprehensive reasoning and internal mechanisms to ensure reliability in regulated, high-stakes environments. Full automation remains impractical and inadvisable when human judgment and accountability are cr
Doing What They Say, Not What They Reason: Locating the Faithfulness Gap in LLM Agents
arXiv:2606.00476v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Do LLM agents act on the reasoning they state? This question of process fidelity is central to LLM-based social simulation, yet hard to measure where no reference for correct behavior exists. We study it in a controlled setting: a Texas Poker simulator with a verifiable reference action for every decision by splitting the faithfulness gap into two steps: reasoning-to-conclusion (does the stated decision follow from the agent's own reasoning?)
EVA-Net: Subject-Independent EEG Motor Decoding with Video-Derived Motor Priors
arXiv:2606.01884v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Practical non-invasive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems require EEG decoders with strong cross-subject generalization and minimal calibration. However, inter-subject variability and signal non-stationarity often entangle motor semantics with subject-specific noise, limiting subject-independent decoding. Recent multimodal approaches use text as a semantic anchor, yet text provides sparse and static supervision for inherently dynamic motor
What Type of Inference is Active Inference?
arXiv:2606.04935v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Active inference casts decision-making as inference, with the Expected Free Energy (EFE) unifying goal-directed and information-seeking behavior. Recent work showed that EFE minimization can be written as Variational Free Energy (VFE) minimization on a generative model augmented with epistemic priors. We prove that the VFE of the augmented model can be rewritten as the VFE of the predictive model plus explicit entropy-correction terms, making
Assessing the Operational Impact of Poisoning Attacks over Augmented 3D Point Cloud Public Datasets for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
arXiv:2607.06484v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Poisoning attacks against public datasets lead to major concerns, such as (i) misclassification of perceived objects when the poisoned data is used for training and (ii) embedding of backdoors that may eventually be triggered later on, when specific conditions in the system apply over the learned models. Its impact over data augmentation models is unclear. While data augmentation reduces the likelihood of poisoning attack success, some valid que
Lift3D-VLA: Lifting VLA Models to 3D Geometry and Dynamics-Aware Manipulation
arXiv:2607.06564v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recently, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong generalization across diverse tasks. However, effective robotic manipulation in physical environments fundamentally requires geometric understanding and spatial reasoning. While some VLA approaches attempt to incorporate 3D information, they are constrained by limited data availability and geometric information loss in current 3D encoding pipelines, and fail to jointly captur
Label Hierarchy Transition: Delving into Class Hierarchies to Enhance Deep Classifiers
arXiv:2112.02353v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Hierarchical classification aims to sort the object into a hierarchical structure of categories. For example, a bird can be categorized according to a three-level hierarchy of order, family, and species. Existing methods commonly address hierarchical classification by decoupling it into a series of multi-class classification tasks. However, such a multi-task learning strategy fails to fully exploit the correlation among various categories acro
Replication in Visual Diffusion Models: A Survey and Outlook
arXiv:2408.00001v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Visual diffusion models have revolutionized the field of creative AI, producing high-quality and diverse content. However, they inevitably memorize training images or videos, subsequently replicating their concepts, content, or styles during inference. This phenomenon raises significant concerns about privacy, security, and copyright within generated outputs. In this survey, we provide the first comprehensive review of replication in visual di
NumGrad-Pull: Numerical Gradient Guided Tri-plane Representation for Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds
arXiv:2411.17392v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reconstructing continuous surfaces from unoriented and unordered 3D points is a fundamental challenge in computer vision and graphics. Recent advancements address this problem by training neural signed distance functions to pull 3D location queries to their closest points on a surface, following the predicted signed distances and the analytical gradients computed by the network. In this paper, we introduce NumGrad-Pull, leveraging the represen
ZeroBench: An Impossible Visual Benchmark for Contemporary Large Multimodal Models
arXiv:2502.09696v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit shortfalls when interpreting images and, by some measures, have poorer spatial cognition than young children or animals. Despite this, they attain high scores on many popular visual benchmarks, with headroom rapidly eroded by model progress. This creates a need for difficult benchmarks that remain relevant for longer. We introduce ZeroBench - a lightweight visual reasoning benchmark curated using adversar
Freqformer: Image-Demoir\'eing Transformer via Effective Frequency Decomposition
arXiv:2505.19120v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Image demoir\'eing remains a challenging task due to the complex interplay between texture corruption and color distortions caused by moir\'e patterns. Existing methods, especially those relying on direct image-to-image restoration, often fail to disentangle these intertwined artifacts effectively. While frequency-aware approaches offer a promising direction, their potential is hindered by the discrete transform (e.g., Haar wavelet or block-ba
Rethinking Visual Autoregressive Sampling with Information-Grounding Guidance
arXiv:2509.23876v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Autoregressive (AR) models based on next-scale prediction have emerged as a powerful tool for image generation, but they face a critical weakness: information inconsistencies between patches across timesteps introduced by progressive resolution scaling. These inconsistencies scatter guidance signals, causing them to drift away from salient regions within the image and leaving behind ambiguous, unfaithful features during sampling. We tackle thi
Social 3D Scene Graphs: Modeling Human Actions and Relations for Interactive Service Robots
arXiv:2509.24966v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Understanding how people interact with their surroundings and each other is essential for enabling robots to act in socially compliant and context-aware ways. While 3D Scene Graphs have emerged as a powerful semantic representation for scene understanding, existing approaches largely ignore humans in the scene, also due to the lack of annotated human-environment relationships. Moreover, existing methods typically capture only open-vocabulary r
SAGE: Spatial-visual Adaptive Graph Exploration for Efficient Visual Place Recognition
arXiv:2509.25723v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Visual Place Recognition (VPR) requires robust retrieval of geotagged images despite large appearance, viewpoint, and environmental variation. Prior methods focus on descriptor fine-tuning or fixed sampling strategies yet neglect the dynamic interplay between spatial context and visual similarity during training. We present SAGE (Spatial-visual Adaptive Graph Exploration), a unified training pipeline that enhances granular spatial-visual discr
A Spatial-Spectral-Frequency Interactive Network for Multimodal Remote Sensing Classification
arXiv:2510.04628v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deep learning-based methods have achieved significant success in remote sensing Earth observation data analysis. Numerous feature fusion techniques address multimodal remote sensing image classification by integrating global and local features. However, these techniques often struggle to extract structural and detail features from heterogeneous and redundant multimodal images. With the goal of introducing frequency domain learning to model key
Did Models Learn Sufficiently? Attribution-Guided Training via Subset-Selected Counterfactual Augmentation
arXiv:2511.12100v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current visual models often make predictions based on a limited set of discriminative visual cues. As a result, they may become unreliable when the distribution shifts or when these cues are missing. Faithful attribution methods can reveal such problematic reliance through localized explanations, but they are typically used post hoc and are not fed back into the model. To address this limitation, we propose Subset-Selected Counterfactual Augme
FUSE: A Flow-based Mapping Between Shapes
arXiv:2511.13431v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce a novel neural representation for maps between 3D shapes based on flow-matching models, which is computationally efficient and supports cross-representation shape matching without large-scale training or data-driven procedures. 3D shapes are represented as the probability distribution induced by a continuous and invertible flow mapping from a fixed anchor distribution. Given a source and a target shape, the composition of the inve
Blind Quality Enhancement of Compressed Video via Fine-Grained Degradation-Guided Sequential Inference
arXiv:2511.16137v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing studies on quality enhancement for compressed video (QECV) predominantly rely on known quantization parameters (QPs), training separate enhancement models for each QP setting, which are referred to as non-blind methods. However, in practical scenarios such as transcoding and transmission, QPs may be partially or entirely unavailable, which limits the applicability of these methods and motivates the development of blind QECV techniques
FIELDS: Face reconstruction with accurate Inference of Expression using Learning with Direct Supervision
arXiv:2511.21245v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Monocular 3D face reconstruction estimates a 3D morphable model (3DMM) representation from a single image, providing geometry-aware expression codes that are useful for facial expression analysis and affect understanding. Despite strong progress, most pipelines are trained with image-level self-supervision and evaluated primarily by geometric fidelity, which does not necessarily maximize the affective utility of the learned expression represen
Pro-Pose: Unpaired Full-Body Portrait Synthesis via Canonical UV Maps
arXiv:2512.17143v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Photographs of people taken by professional photographers typically present the person in beautiful lighting, with an interesting pose, and flattering quality. This is unlike common photos people take of themselves in uncontrolled conditions. In this paper, we explore how to canonicalize a person's 'in-the-wild' photograph into a controllable, high-fidelity avatar -- reposed in a simple environment with standardized minimal clothing. A key cha
OpenGround: Planning-based Online Perception for Open-World 3D Visual Grounding
arXiv:2512.23020v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: 3D visual grounding aims to locate objects based on natural language descriptions in 3D scenes. Existing supervised methods are limited by generalization and recent zero-shot methods typically rely on a predefined Object Lookup Table (OLT) to query Visual Language Models (VLMs) for reasoning about object locations via a single step grounding, which limits the applications in scenarios with undefined targets and complex queries. To address thes
MorphGS: Morphology-Adaptive Articulated 3D Motion Transfer from Videos
arXiv:2601.02716v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Transferring articulated motion from monocular videos to rigged 3D characters is challenging due to pose ambiguity in 2D observations and morphological differences between source and target. Existing approaches often follow a reconstruct-then-retarget paradigm, tying transfer quality to intermediate 3D reconstruction and limiting applicability to categories with parametric templates. We propose MorphGS, a framework that formulates motion retar
RayRoPE: Projective Ray Positional Encoding for Multi-view Attention
arXiv:2601.15275v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study positional encodings for multi-view transformers that process tokens from a set of posed input images, and seek a mechanism that encodes patches uniquely, allows SE(3)-invariant attention with multi-frequency similarity, and can adapt to the geometry of the underlying 3D scene. We find that prior (absolute or relative) encoding schemes for multi-view attention do not meet these desiderata, and present RayRoPE to address this gap. RayR
From Global to Granular: Revealing IQA Model Performance via Correlation Surface
arXiv:2601.21738v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Evaluation of Image Quality Assessment (IQA) models has long been dominated by global correlation metrics, such as Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC) and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (SRCC). While widely adopted, these metrics reduce performance to a single scalar, failing to capture how ranking consistency varies across the local quality spectrum. For example, two IQA models may achieve identical SRCC values, yet one
Reward as An Agent for Embodied World Models
arXiv:2606.19990v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While RL has become a promising tool for refining world models, existing methods largely rely on conservative rollouts near the training distribution, limiting exploration, behavioral diversity, and richer dynamic discovery. In this work, we challenge this conservative paradigm. We argue that the core limitation is not exploration itself, but the lack of reliable verification strategies to support broader exploration. Without reliable verifica
Accelerating Returns and the Qualitative Engine for Science
arXiv:2606.26359v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Ray Kurzweil described a thesis of accelerating returns, which is the most influential narratives in discussions of technological progress. Its central claim is that advances in multiple technological fields, especially compute, artificial intelligence, brain science, and biotechnology, interact in such a way that progress becomes self-amplifying and approximately exponential. This paper gives a simple mathematical interpretation of that claim
Trust-free Personalized Decentralized Learning
arXiv:2410.11378v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Personalized collaborative learning in federated settings faces a critical trade-off between customization and participant trust. Existing approaches typically rely on centralized coordinators or trusted peer groups, limiting their applicability in open, trust-averse environments. While recent decentralized methods explore anonymous knowledge sharing, they often lack global scalability and robust mechanisms against malicious peers. To br
Leveraging Metamemory Agent for Enhanced Data-Free Code Generation in Large Language Models
arXiv:2501.07892v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in automated code generation, with few-shot prompting widely used for its simplicity and effectiveness. However, few-shot methods depend on curated or manually crafted reference examples, limiting their applicability in data-free coding scenarios such as real-world data-free coding scenarios and benchmarks without training sets. Existing methods that generate reference examples v
The relationship between reasoning and performance in large language models--o3 (mini) thinks harder, not longer
arXiv:2502.15631v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models have demonstrated remarkable progress in mathematical reasoning, leveraging chain-of-thought and reinforcement learning. However, many open questions remain regarding the interplay between reasoning token usage and accuracy gains. In particular, when comparing models across generations, it is unclear whether improved performance results from longer reasoning chains or more efficient reasoning. We systematically anal
Narrative-Centered Emotional Reflection: An Early Prototype for AI-Supported Emotional Self-Reflection
arXiv:2504.20342v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reflexion is an AI-powered prototype designed to explore structured emotional self-reflection. By integrating emotion detection, layered reflective prompting, and metaphorical storytelling generation, Reflexion was intended to support users in autonomous emotional exploration beyond basic sentiment categorization. Grounded primarily in expressive writing, cognitive restructuring, and self-determination theory, the system was designed to
Position: EU AI Act's Research Exemptions Can Break the Publication Norms of Major AI Conferences
arXiv:2506.03218v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The EU has become one of the vanguards in regulating the digital age. A particularly important regulation in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) domain is the 2024 enacted EU AI Act. The AI Act specifies -- due to a risk-based approach -- various obligations for providers of AI systems. These obligations, for example, include a cascade of documentation and compliance measures, which represent a potential obstacle to science. But do these ob
Learning The Minimum Action Distance
arXiv:2506.09276v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper presents a state representation framework for Markov decision processes (MDPs) that can be learned solely from state trajectories, requiring neither reward signals nor the actions executed by the agent. We propose learning the minimum action distance (MAD), defined as the minimum number of actions required to transition between states, as a fundamental metric that captures the underlying structure of an environment. MAD natura
Reduced NEXI protocol for the quantification of human gray matter microstructure on the Connectome 2.0 scanner
arXiv:2509.09513v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Biophysical diffusion MRI models like Neurite Exchange Imaging (NEXI) are essential for probing gray matter microstructure, estimating compartment diffusivities, neurite fraction, and exchange time. However, NEXI's multi-shell, multi-diffusion-time requirements cause prohibitively long acquisitions. Leveraging the Connectome 2.0 ultra-high gradient scanner, we developed a time-efficient protocol using an Explainable AI (XAI) framework. C
SmartMixed: A Two-Phase Training Strategy for Adaptive Activation Function Learning in Neural Networks
arXiv:2510.22450v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The choice of activation function plays a critical role in neural networks, yet most architectures still rely on fixed, uniform activation functions across all neurons. We introduce SmartMixed, a novel two-phase training strategy that allows networks to learn optimal per-neuron activation functions while preserving computational efficiency at inference. In the first phase, neurons adaptively select from a pool of candidate activation fun
Perceptually Aligning Representations of Music via Noise-Augmented Autoencoders
arXiv:2511.05350v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We argue that training autoencoders to reconstruct inputs from noised versions of their encodings, when combined with perceptually motivated losses, yields encodings that are structured according to a perceptual hierarchy. We demonstrate the emergence of this hierarchy by showing that, after training an audio autoencoder in this manner, perceptually salient information is captured in coarser representation structures than with convention
StepShield: When, Not Whether to Intervene on Rogue Agents
arXiv:2601.22136v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Agent safety benchmarks measure whether a monitor detects harm, not when. Yet timing is the difference between intervention and autopsy. We introduce StepShield, the first benchmark that treats detection timeliness as a first-class metric. On 9,429 incident-grounded code-agent trajectories, we define the Early Intervention Rate (EIR): the fraction of detected rogue trajectories where the alert fires within a k-step window after the diver
Universal Algorithm-Implicit Learning
arXiv:2602.14761v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Current meta-learning methods are constrained to narrow task distributions with fixed feature and label spaces, limiting applicability. Moreover, the current meta-learning literature uses key terms like "universal" and "general-purpose" inconsistently and lacks precise definitions, hindering comparability. We introduce a theoretical framework for meta-learning which formally defines practical universality and introduces a distinction bet
Quantifying Frontier LLM Capabilities for Container Sandbox Escape
arXiv:2603.02277v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly act as autonomous agents, using tools to execute code, read and write files, and access networks, creating novel security risks. To mitigate these risks, agents are commonly deployed and evaluated in isolated "sandbox" environments, often implemented using Docker/OCI containers. We introduce SANDBOXESCAPEBENCH, an open benchmark that safely measures an LLM's capacity to break out of these sandbox
Volumetric Directional Diffusion: Anchoring Uncertainty Quantification in Anatomical Consensus for Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation
arXiv:2603.04024v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ambiguous 3D medical image segmentation often involves boundaries where different expert delineations are non-identical yet clinically plausible. Modeling such inter-observer variability requires a careful balance between diversity and anatomical fidelity: deterministic models preserve coherent volumetric structures but collapse expert disagreement into a single mask, while stochastic generative models can produce diverse samples but may
What Counts as Real? Speech Restoration and Voice Quality Conversion Pose New Challenges to Deepfake Detection
arXiv:2603.14033v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Audio anti-spoofing systems are typically trained to assign one authenticity label to an entire speech utterance. This formulation becomes under-specified for transformations where the underlying speaker identity and linguistic content remain unchanged. We study this problem using benign, authenticity-preserving speech transformations, including voice quality conversion and speech restoration, applied to both bona fide and spoofed speech
DreamPartGen: Semantically Grounded Part-Level 3D Generation via Collaborative Latent Denoising
arXiv:2603.19216v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding and generating 3D objects as compositions of meaningful parts is fundamental to human perception and reasoning. However, most text-to-3D methods overlook the semantic and functional structure of parts. While recent part-aware approaches introduce decomposition, they remain largely geometry-focused, lacking semantic grounding and failing to model how parts align with textual descriptions or their inter-part relations. We pro
SpatialFly: Implicit 3D Prior-Guided Visual Reparameterization for Continuous UAV Vision-and-Language Navigation
arXiv:2603.21046v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: UAVs play an important role in applications such as autonomous exploration, disaster response, and infrastructure inspection. However, UAV VLN in complex 3D environments remains challenging. A key difficulty is the structural representation mismatch between 2D visual perception and the 3D trajectory decision space, which limits spatial reasoning. To this end, we propose SpatialFly, a geometry-guided spatial representation framework for U
DecepGPT: Schema-Driven Deception Detection with Multicultural Datasets and Robust Multimodal Learning
arXiv:2603.23916v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal deception detection aims to identify deceptive behavior by analyzing audiovisual cues for forensics and security. In these high-stakes settings, investigators need verifiable evidence connecting audiovisual cues to final decisions, along with reliable generalization across domains and cultural contexts. However, existing benchmarks provide only binary labels without intermediate reasoning cues. Datasets are also small with lim
CLAY: Conditional Visual Similarity Modulation in Vision-Language Embedding Space
arXiv:2604.11539v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Human perception of visual similarity is inherently adaptive and subjective, depending on the users' interests and focus. However, most image retrieval systems fail to reflect this flexibility, relying on a fixed, monolithic metric that cannot incorporate multiple conditions simultaneously. To address this, we propose CLAY, an adaptive similarity computation method that reframes the embedding space of pretrained Vision-Language Models (V
Superman: Unifying Skeleton and Vision for Human Motion Perception and Generation
arXiv:2602.02401v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Human motion analysis tasks, such as temporal 3D pose estimation, motion prediction, and motion in-betweening, play an essential role in computer vision. However, current paradigms suffer from severe fragmentation. First, the field is split between ``perception'' models that understand motion from video but only output text, and ``generation'' models that cannot perceive from raw visual input. Second, generative MLLMs are often limited to sing
Reliable Mislabel Detection for Video Capsule Endoscopy Data
arXiv:2602.06938v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The classification performance of deep neural networks relies strongly on access to large, accurately annotated datasets. In medical imaging, however, obtaining such datasets is particularly challenging since annotations must be provided by specialized physicians, which severely limits the pool of annotators. Furthermore, class boundaries can often be ambiguous or difficult to define which further complicates machine learning-based classificat
FGAA-FPN: Foreground-Guided Angle-Aware Feature Pyramid Network for Oriented Object Detection
arXiv:2602.10710v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: With the increasing availability of high-resolution remote sensing and aerial imagery, oriented object detection has become a key capability for geographic information updating, maritime surveillance, and disaster response. However, it remains challenging due to cluttered backgrounds, severe scale variation, and large orientation changes. Existing approaches largely improve performance through multi-scale feature fusion with feature pyramid ne
LaViDa-R1: Advancing Reasoning for Unified Multimodal Diffusion Language Models
arXiv:2602.14147v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion language models (dLLMs) recently emerged as a promising alternative to auto-regressive LLMs. The latest works further extended it to multimodal understanding and generation tasks. In this work, we propose LaViDa-R1, a multimodal, general-purpose reasoning dLLM. Unlike existing works that build reasoning dLLMs through task-specific reinforcement learning, LaViDa-R1 incorporates diverse multimodal understanding and generation tasks in
PoseVLA: Universal Pose Pretraining for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Policies
arXiv:2602.19710v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models often suffer from feature collapse and low training efficiency because they entangle high-level perception with sparse, embodiment-specific action supervision. Since these models typically rely on VLM backbones optimized for Visual Question Answering (VQA), they excel at semantic identification but often overlook subtle 3D state variations that dictate distinct action patterns. To resolve these misa
UniField: A Unified Field-Aware MRI Enhancement Framework
arXiv:2603.09223v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) field-strength enhancement holds immense value for both clinical diagnostics and advanced research. However, existing methods typically focus on isolated enhancement tasks, such as specific 64mT-to-3T or 3T-to-7T transitions using limited subject cohorts, thereby failing to exploit the shared degradation patterns inherent across different field strengths and severely restricting model generalization. To address
O3N: Omnidirectional Open-Vocabulary Occupancy Prediction
arXiv:2603.12144v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Understanding and reconstructing the 3D world through omnidirectional perception is becoming increasingly important for autonomous agents and embodied systems. However, existing 3D occupancy prediction methods are constrained by limited perspective inputs and a predefined training distribution, making them difficult to apply to embodied agents that require comprehensive and safe perception of scenes in open-world exploration. To address this,
NAMD: Virtual Follow-up Computed Tomography Synthesis via Nodule-Aligned Multimodal Diffusion Models for Early Lung Cancer Diagnosis
arXiv:2603.15932v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with survival outcomes critically dependent on early and accurate detection. When low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) findings are indeterminate, clinicians typically defer diagnosis pending follow-up CT imaging obtained up to 12 months later, inevitably delaying treatment for patients with malignant nodules. To address this clinical gap, we propose Nodule-Aligned Mul
Towards Interpretable Foundation Models for Retinal Fundus Images
arXiv:2603.18846v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Foundation models are used to extract transferable representations from large amounts of unlabeled data, typically via self-supervised learning (SSL). However, many of these models rely on architectures that offer limited interpretability, a critical issue in high-stakes domains such as medical imaging. We propose \model, a foundation model that is interpretable-by-design via a BagNet backbone whose small receptive fields generate class eviden
HumanOmni-Speaker: Identifying Who said What and When
arXiv:2603.21664v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While Omni-modal Large Language Models have made strides in joint sensory processing, they fundamentally struggle with a cornerstone of human interaction: deciphering complex, multi-person conversational dynamics to accurately answer ``Who said what and when.'' Current models suffer from an ``illusion of competence'' -- they exploit visual biases in conventional benchmarks to bypass genuine cross-modal alignment, while relying on sparse, low-f
When Sinks Help or Hurt: Unified Framework for Attention Sink in Large Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2604.03316v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Attention sinks are defined as tokens that attract disproportionate attention. While these have been studied in single modality transformers, their cross-modal impact in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLM) remains largely unexplored: are they redundant artifacts or essential global priors? This paper first categorizes visual sinks into two distinct categories: ViT-emerged sinks (V-sinks), which propagate from the vision encoder, and LLM-emerge
BLPR: Robust License Plate Recognition under Viewpoint and Illumination Variations via Confidence-Driven VLM Fallback
arXiv:2604.09927v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Robust license plate recognition in unconstrained environments remains a significant challenge, particularly in underrepresented regions with limited data availability and unique visual characteristics, such as Bolivia. Recognition accuracy in real-world conditions is often degraded by illumination changes and viewpoint distortion. To address these challenges, we introduce BLPR, a deep learning-based License Plate Detection and Recognition (LP
Generative Refinement Networks for Visual Synthesis
arXiv:2604.13030v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While diffusion models dominate the field of visual generation, they are computationally inefficient, applying a uniform computational effort regardless of different complexity. In contrast, autoregressive (AR) models are inherently complexity-aware, as evidenced by their variable likelihoods, but are often hindered by lossy discrete tokenization and error accumulation. In this work, we introduce Generative Refinement Networks (GRN), a next-ge
Dynamic Cluster Data Sampling for Efficient and Long-Tail-Aware Vision-Language Pre-training
arXiv:2604.27932v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The computational cost of training a vision-language model (VLM) can be reduced by sampling the training data. Previous work on efficient VLM pre-training has pointed to the importance of semantic data balance, adjusting the distribution of topics in the data to improve VLM accuracy. However, existing efficient pre-training approaches may disproportionately remove rare concepts from the training corpus. As a result, long-tail concepts remain i
Few Channels Draw The Whole Picture: Revealing Massive Activations in Diffusion Transformers
arXiv:2605.13974v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) and related flow-based architectures are now among the strongest text-to-image generators, yet the internal mechanisms through which prompts shape image semantics remain poorly understood. In this work, we study massive activations: a small subset of hidden-state channels whose responses are consistently much larger than the rest. We show that, despite their sparsity, these few channels effectively draw the whole
Registers Matter for Pixel-Space Diffusion Transformers
arXiv:2605.16147v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision Transformers (ViTs) are known to exhibit high-norm patch-token outliers that degrade feature map quality, a problem effectively mitigated by register tokens. As diffusion models increasingly adopt transformer architectures and move toward pixel-space training, they become closer in form to ViTs, raising the question of whether register tokens are also useful for Diffusion Transformers (DiTs). In this work, we show that DiTs differ from
SuperVoxelGPT: Adaptive and Ordered 3D Tokenization for Autoregressive Shape Generation
arXiv:2605.29655v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Autoregressive multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable 3D generation but struggle to scale to high-resolution shapes due to inadequate 3D tokenizations. Compact set-based representations discard deterministic spatial ordering, leading to ambiguous sequence prediction, while uniform or octree-based voxel grids preserve ordering at the cost of severe redundancy and excessively long sequences. This structural trade-off limits stable and e
GARDEN: Gravity-Aligned Reconstruction of Disentangled ENvironments from RGB images
arXiv:2606.03921v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Converting multi-view RGB observations into simulation-ready 3D environments remains challenging because current reconstruction pipelines produce monolithic scene representations without explicit physical structure. They are typically defined up to an arbitrary global rotation and entangle rigid foreground objects with background geometry, which hinders stable physical interaction. Existing solutions often recover interactivity by replacing re
Reweighting Framewise Attention in Video Transformers for Facial Expression Understanding
arXiv:2606.30611v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Understanding facial expressions in videos requires modeling subtle and localized facial dynamics under unconstrained conditions. Although recent Vision Transformer (ViT)-based video models have shown strong performance through large-scale self-supervised pretraining, their attention mechanisms often emphasize dominant global motions and coarse temporal dynamics, limiting sensitivity to fine-grained facial variations. To address this limitatio
SAMBA: A Scatter-Guided Masked Bidirectional Mamba Foundation Model for SAR Target Recognition
arXiv:2606.31668v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR ATR) is critical for Earth observation and defense, but its practical deployment is constrained by scarce annotated training data. Self-supervised pre-training alleviates this label bottleneck, yet prevailing Transformer architectures incur prohibitive quadratic computational complexity, and conventional universal masking neglects the unique electromagnetic scattering properties intrin
Do Quantum Transformers Help? A Systematic VQC Architecture Comparison on Tabular Benchmarks
arXiv:2604.23931v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are a leading approach to quantum machine learning on near-term devices, yet it remains unclear which circuit architecture yields the best accuracy-parameter trade-off on classical tabular data. We present a systematic empirical comparison of four VQC families -- multi-layer fully-connected (FC-VQC), residual (ResNet-VQC), hybrid quantum-classical transformer (QT), and fully quantum transformer (FQT) -
Constitutional Governance in Metric Spaces
arXiv:2605.13362v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Computational social choice and algorithmic decision theory offer rich aggregation theory but no end-to-end process for egalitarian self-governance: aggregation, deliberation, amendment, and consensus are each considered in isolation, with key metric-space aggregators being NP-hard. Here, we propose \emph{constitutional governance in metric spaces}, integrating these stages into a protocol for constitutional governance. A community's \
MambaGaze: Bidirectional Mamba with Explicit Missing Data Modeling for Cognitive Load Assessment from Eye-Gaze Tracking Data
arXiv:2605.22775v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Real-time cognitive load assessment from eye-tracking signals could enable adaptive human-centered AI in safety-critical applications such as driver vigilance monitoring or automated flight deck assistance, yet two challenges persist: handling frequent data missingness from blinks and tracking failures, and efficiently modeling long-range temporal dependencies. We propose MambaGaze (Bi-Mamba), a framework that addresses these challenges
SEVRA-BENCH: Social Engineering of Vulnerabilities in Review Agents
arXiv:2606.13757v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in automated code-review systems, where their approvals can determine which code is merged into shared repositories. However, it is unclear whether review agents can detect vulnerability-introducing code when an attacker controls both the code change and the persuasive Pull Request (PR) narrative designed to mask it. We introduce SEVRA-BENCH (Social Engineering of Vulnerabilities in
Beyond Correctness: Enhancing Architectural Reasoning in Code LLMs via Scalable Labeling with Agentic Judgment
arXiv:2606.14948v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLMs have substantially improved software engineering yet real-world development requires architectural understanding. Such understanding is prohibitively expensive to label manually and impossible to verify through tests alone. We propose an agentic judging pipeline using a strong LLM as a scalable proxy for expert architectural evaluation, comprising two judges: the Architecture Complexity Judge (ACJ), which estimates codebase-specific
AutoSpec: Safety Rule Evolution for LLM Agents via Inductive Logic Programming
arXiv:2606.24245v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly automate complex tasks by integrating language models with external tools and environments. However, their autonomy poses significant safety risks: agents may execute destructive commands, leak sensitive data, or violate domain constraints. Existing safety approaches face a fundamental tradeoff: hand-crafted rules are interpretable but brittle, with overly conservative rules blocking safe op
Application of LLMs to Threat Assessment of Foreign Peacekeeping Missions
arXiv:2606.27106v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present a novel approach for applying Large Language Models (LLMs) to threat assessment in the context of foreign peacekeeping missions. Building on the PINPOINT project and its use case, the EU Monitoring Mission in Georgia, we combine an interdisciplinary risk-model with OSINT-based media collection and LLM-supported threat extraction. The proposed workflow maps media contents to mission-relevant threats, extracts structured informa
Token Geometry
arXiv:2607.01455v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Language models learn continuous programs over discrete symbols, with the embedding table and LM-head acting as the read/write interface between them. We show that this interface has gradient geometry distinct from dense hidden weights which can be exploited to improve the Pareto frontier across supervised finetuning, RL, and pretraining, while only utilizing kilobytes of optimizer state. We introduce Ember, a lightweight optimizer for e
Anti-Prompt: Image Protection against Text-Guided Image-to-Video Generation
arXiv:2607.01499v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in Image-to-Video generation allow a single image to be animated into a convincing video under text guidance, raising serious copyright and privacy risks. We propose Anti-Prompt, an image protection approach that injects imperceptible perturbations into an image, inducing visible inconsistencies and structural failures in text-guided I2V generation. Our method is motivated by a simple empirical observation. When text guidance i
Imbalance-Robust and Sampling-Efficient Continuous Conditional GANs via Adaptive Vicinal Learning and Auxiliary Regularization
arXiv:2508.01725v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in continuous conditional generative modeling, including Continuous conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CcGAN) and Continuous Conditional Diffusion Model (CCDM), estimate high-dimensional data distributions conditioned on scalar regression labels such as angles, ages, or temperatures. However, fixed-size vicinal training in CcGAN can be sensitive to non-uniform label densities, whereas CCDM relies on computational
On the Redundancy of Timestep Embeddings in Diffusion Models
arXiv:2606.20416v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion models rely heavily on explicit timestep embeddings to modulate the denoising process across various noise scales. In this work, we challenge the necessity of these temporal signals by analyzing their impact on U-Net and Diffusion Transformer architectures. Beyond empirical evidence, we provide a theoretical framework demonstrating that, under certain conditions, the global minimizer of the diffusion training objective can be a
Vertigo Vertigo: Reconstructing a Cinematic Ideal through its Predictive AI Double
arXiv:2607.00047v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vertigo Vertigo is a scene-for-scene AI reconstruction of Hitchcock's Vertigo (1958), generated from only 2.78% of the original film's frames. Using this sparse set of keyframe anchors, we perform first-last frame interpolation via a large video diffusion model to predict the intervening sequences. Vertigo is itself a film about the obsessive reconstruction of an artificial ideal; Vertigo Vertigo extends this logic to the material of the
60000小时炼出新开源VLA！20多种机器人都能用
蚂蚁灵波Lingbot-VLA 2.0
支持17家机器人厂商20多种构型，蚂蚁灵波LingBot-VLA 2.0正式开源
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派早报：Nothing Ear (3a) 发布、Meta 推出 Muse 图像生成模型等
Google Voice 推出付费订阅方案并调整 Android 设备备份策略等。查看全文
企业微信首款 AI 硬件：出门问问TicNote合作款正式发布
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AI Agent 会自己选 CDN 了：当网站访问者从 “人” 扩展到 “AI”，内容分发已升级
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把世界学习拆成两条互补路径，悟界·RoboBrain Orca 成通用世界基础模型基石
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微软通过 Copilot Autofix 将基于 AI 的漏洞修复功能引入 Azure DevOps
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让 AI 真正“懂时间”：QC-MHM 时序知识图谱问答的全新突破 | AAAI
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开源AI编程工具第一来啦：智谱GLM-5.2上线模力工场，还有专属折扣！
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Cube Sandbox正式支持Arm架构！腾讯云与Arm联手解锁Agent多架构算力
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内存成本占到了低端智能手机总成本的六成
根据分析机构 Omdia 的数据，2026 年第一季度 400美元以下智能手机的物料清单中，内存成本几乎占到了六成，而且此后情况并未好转。市场观察机构 TrendForce 上月预测，2026 年 DRAM 价格还将上涨 50% 以上，这使得廉价手机制造商不可避免将组件成本上涨的压力转嫁给消费者。为了抵消不断上涨的内存成本，制造商尝试转向更便宜的显示面板、传感器或射频模块，但低端手机本就建立在极其紧凑的成本结构上，几乎没有进一步压缩的空间。这与入门级 PC 的情况类似。Omdia 预计 2026 年 400 美元以下智能手机的出货量将同比下降 22%。不过 Omdia 认为，虽然 2026 年全球智能手机市场整体将下滑 12%，但 400 美元以上的中高端市场将保持韧性，出货量有望增长 5.7%。智能手机制造商正将生产重心转向中高端机型。部分中国制造商正在某些升级至新型 LTPO 技术的机型中重新采用 LTPS 显示面板，将 LTPO 保留给高端机型。这可以为每台设备节省 3-5 美元的成本。 其它措施还包括减少摄像头数量、使用更小的图像传感器，或改用上一代 SoC，这些措施可将成本降
Elastic 开源了基于认知科学的 Atlas Agent Memory
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Java 近期新闻：Hardwood 1.0、Endive 1.0、Azul Payara、Quarkus、WildFly、LangChain4j、OSSI
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DeepSeek招聘被「华为天才少年」公开吐槽，“面到最不专业的”
难怪DeepSeek要着重强调招HR（doge）
1.5亿数据！蚂蚁灵波发布空间感知模型LingBot-Depth 2.0，看得更懂、更准
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亚马逊云科技发布用于成本分析和优化的 FinOps Agent 预览版
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社区速递 148 | 派友的全屋智能实操、水月雨布丁耳机与MUJI可调节毛巾枕
除了首页时间流和侧栏的精选展位，少数派Matrix社区还有很多优秀内容因条件所限无法得到有效曝光，因此我们决定重启Matrix周报，并在此基础上添加更多社区内容、作者投稿新玩意呈现给大家。上周社区速递 ...查看全文
从共识到非共识：科技有「联想」沙龙首场活动直击具身智能产业化“三大困惑”
“共识与非共识”的深度思辨
刚刚，首个空间原生的具身视觉基模开源！机器人更会看我们的世界了
来自蚂蚁灵波
iFLYTEK-Embodied-Omni Technical Report
arXiv:2607.02542v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: General-purpose embodied agents must understand multimodal instructions, anticipate how their environment will evolve, and produce precise control actions over extended horizons. Existing approaches typically specialize in visual-language reasoning, video-based world modeling, or action generation, while cascaded pipelines that first synthesize future observations and then infer actions can introduce interface bottlenecks and compound prediction e
Internal Pluralism and the Limits of Pairwise Comparisons
arXiv:2607.02672v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Local pairwise comparisons are a standard tool for learning how people want decision rules to work, e.g., in participatory design or alignment. However, their use builds in two strong assumptions: that local comparisons are sufficient evidence about how a person wants an automated decision rule to behave, and that people can always answer those comparisons decisively. We investigate how these assumptions may be compromised under internal pluralism
ASK in the Dark: Uncertainty-Gated LLM Assistance under Partial Observability
arXiv:2607.02686v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning agents operating under partial observability must act on incomplete information, making them natural candidates for guidance from small language models (SLMs) that carry broad reasoning priors. Yet integrating SLM guidance into this setting has proven difficult: across all test environments, vanilla uncertainty-gated approaches achieve an overwrite rate at or near zero, meaning the SLM almost never contributes an independent
Automated Data Readiness for Scientific AI
arXiv:2607.02771v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Leadership computing facilities steward large-scale scientific datasets that routinely require substantial transformation before serving as AI training data. However, no existing framework fully unifies automated transformation, readiness assessment, provenance tracking, and agent-native deployment. We present REDI, an open-source framework that addresses this gap through a unified five-stage pipeline (ingest, preprocess, transform, structure, and
SwarmResearch: Orchestrating Coding Agents for Open-Ended Discovery
arXiv:2607.02807v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-running coding agents such as autoresearch can persistently discover optimizations for open-ended problems. However, they tend to converge onto a single high-level approach, then proceed with low-level edits while missing other superior approaches to the problem. We hypothesize two harness-level design choices contribute to this behavior: accumulating context in a single long-running agent and only exposing a single program state to edit. We
Object-Centric Environment Modeling for Agentic Tasks
arXiv:2607.02846v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents can improve through accumulated experience, but free-form textual memories become difficult to maintain, validate, and reuse as interactions grow. Recent symbolic approaches learn executable skills or programmatic world models, yet often store local procedures or assume simplified dynamics. We propose Object-Centric Environment Modeling (OCM), which organizes experience into an executable object-centric environmen
MedCalc-Pro: Solving Complex Medical Calculations with LLM Agents
arXiv:2607.02879v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in medical calculation are largely based on simplified settings, where each patient case corresponds to a single calculator and the required tool is explicitly specified in the query. However, real clinical scenarios often require multiple calculators for joint evaluation, nested-scale calculation, and fuzzy queries that do not directly specify the target calculator. To this end, we pr
Oyster-II: Reinforcement Learning for Constructive Safety Alignment in Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.02914v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, yet ensuring their simultaneous safety, helpfulness, and trustworthiness remains a persistent challenge. Conventional refusal-oriented alignment strategies mitigate harmful content generation but systematically fail to serve legitimate user needs, often withholding information that could safely and constructively address the underlying intent of sen
VERITAS: Towards a General-Purpose Replication Tool for Scientific Research
arXiv:2607.02931v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI tools are accelerating scientific publication while the systems that review it struggle to keep up, and independent verification of published research has become both harder and more important. As manual replication is slow and expensive, a growing line of work uses coding agents to automate parts of the process. Existing efforts are largely packaged as benchmarks with companion agents that only run inside the benchmark's own pipeline, and no g
A Sliding-Window-Based Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Assembly Flow Shop Scheduling with Multi-Product Delivery
arXiv:2607.02941v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-product kitting delivery imposes significant challenges for real-time scheduling in hybrid manufacturing systems that integrate processing and assembly, as dynamic order arrivals simultaneously alter supply dependencies and the set of feasible job-machine assignments. This paper proposes a sliding-window-based reinforcement learning (SWRL) framework for end-to-end online scheduling in the flexible assembly flow shop scheduling problem with c
Evaluating Generative Agents with Actions Grounded in Socially Distributed Task Environments using Incognita
arXiv:2607.02975v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Effective agency in social environments depends on when an agent seeks knowledge, when it acts, and whether its actions are justified by acquired information. Existing grounded benchmarks provide executable actions, persistent state, and verifiable outcomes, while social simulation environments provide rich interaction among language agents. We study an evaluation setting that combines these requirements. We define socially distributed task enviro
Beyond Forecasting: The Belief-to-Trade Layer in Prediction-Market Agents
arXiv:2607.03015v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Forecasting future events has attracted growing attention as a testbed for general-purpose AI. A natural way to ground this evaluation is let the models trade in the prediction markets. Trading, however, requires more than forecasting. Moreover, recent benchmarks report a substantial gap between calibrated probability scores and the trading results. We propose Raven-Agent, to the best of our knowledge, the first autonomous trading agent for predic
Human-Centric Reflective Architecture for Human-AI Collaborative Decision-Making
arXiv:2607.03025v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse areas of human activity-ranging from everyday tasks to safety-critical applications-aims to enhance decision-making effectiveness with minimal human feedback. Concurrently, it seeks to align decisions with human expectations, preferences, and needs while mitigating risks associated with AI non-determinism. However, humans frequently over- or under-rely on AI recommendations, and current AI sys
Silicon Sampling via Cross-Survey Transfer
arXiv:2607.03091v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Silicon sampling-using large language models (LLMs) to simulate human survey respondents-has emerged as a promising approach for augmenting traditional survey research. However, most evaluations rely on distributional comparisons rather than individual-level prediction, which risks conflating pattern matching with coherent respondent-level prediction. We propose cross-survey transfer, a more rigorous evaluation framework in which an LLM is given a
APeB: Benchmarking Personalization Ability of Large Language Model Agents
arXiv:2607.03162v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-powered agents struggle with personalization when users issue raw, underspecified queries. In this setting, agents must infer latent intent, extract preferences from noisy interaction histories, and select among competing alternatives. Existing benchmarks rarely test this capability, as they often rely on user-refined queries or simplified histories. We introduce personalized product search (PPS), a testbed for agentic personalization under ra
Organizational Memory for Agentic Business Process Execution
arXiv:2607.03228v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based agents offer new opportunities for automating business process execution beyond the limits of rule-based systems. However, general-purpose LLMs lack the organization-specific knowledge required for reliable execution, which is typically fragmented across human-oriented artifacts such as policies, process models, and standard operating procedures. While such knowledge can technically be encoded in individual prompts or agent-specific retr
Embodied Operators and Benchmarking: Toward Reusable and Deployable Embodied Intelligence Systems
arXiv:2607.03283v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Embodied intelligence systems require not only end-to-end policy models, but also reusable functional modules that transform multimodal observations, robot states, human demonstrations, and task contexts into structured representations, decisions, trajectories, control references, and system services. This work defines these modules as embodied operators and studies them as independent yet composable units in embodied intelligence pipelines. We cl
Reflective Dialogue or Prompt Refinement? Effects of Tutor Scaffolding on Students' Independent LLM Use for Programming
arXiv:2607.03303v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) can provide personalized support in learning, several studies have raised concerns regarding their use in education. Importantly, learning depends on how students engage with LLMs. This study examined how two types of LLM-based tutors shape students' prompting practices, learning, and subsequent LLM-use: a Socratic-Guidance (SG) tutor, which structures interaction through dialogic questioning, and a Prompt-Refine
When Aggregate Alignment Misleads: Auditing Policy Repair Without Per-State Expert Actions
arXiv:2607.03386v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic AI systems are increasingly used to edit, refine, and repair decision policies, but evaluating these edits is difficult when per-state expert action labels are unavailable. We study this problem in a hotel-pricing simulator where an agentic policy editor receives only region-level diagnostic feedback: summaries of how its price distribution differs from a benchmark policy across time, inventory, and market regions. The editor cannot observ
From Mobile Data to Business Insights: An End-to-End Analytics Framework for Large-Scale Urban Mobility Analysis and Decision Support
arXiv:2607.03394v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real time location data derived from mobile applications is a powerful tool for addressing various urban challenges, including tourism planning, parking management, bus route optimization, and resource allocation. Besides, it offers invaluable insights for shaping strategic decisions in commercial domains such as location based services, market share analysis, and behavioral profiling. In this expansive study, we aim to address all of the aforemen
Improving LLMs via Validator-to-Generator Alignment
arXiv:2607.02668v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are inconsistent: varying prompts or including unrelated information can lead to unexpected changes in model outputs. The generator-validator (G-V) gap is one manifestation of this phenomenon, where LLMs generate responses that they then deem as invalid if re-queried to validate them. In this work, we introduce a new formulation of G-V consistency that involves a principled correction for utterance frequency. Specifically, ge
Echoes of Unrest: A Multimodal NLP Framework for Early Warning of Fake News and Violence-Driven Mob Activity
arXiv:2607.02734v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rapid growth in social media has transformed global communication by enabling fast information exchange, but it has also accelerated the spread of misinformation. Fake news, manipulated content, and provocative narratives are increasingly linked to social unrest, political instability, and mob violence. Incidents in South Asia and elsewhere demonstrate how false information disseminated via platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp can trigger real-
LuxSQA: Ask Me in Luxembourgish with TTS-Augmented Spoken Question Answering
arXiv:2607.02763v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spoken Question Answering (SQA) remains largely focused on high-resource languages and carefully recorded speech, limiting the reach of speech-LLM methods in low-resource settings. This paper investigates whether text-to-speech (TTS) can provide task-specific training data for Luxembourgish SQA without requiring a large human-recorded QA corpus. Starting from existing text-based QA resources, we translate questions into Luxembourgish, synthesize s
Gemma 4 Technical Report
arXiv:2607.02770v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce Gemma 4, a new generation of open-weight, natively multimodal language models in the Gemma model family. Designed to advance compute efficiency and reasoning, the Gemma 4 model suite features dense and Mixture-of-Experts architectures, ranging from 2.3B to 31B parameters. Alongside improved vision and audio encoders for all model sizes, we propose a unified, encoder-free architecture for our 12B model, which ingests raw audio and imag
Seduced by the Narrative: Assessing Rule Adherence in Semi-Open Textual Sandboxes
arXiv:2607.02802v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As LLMs are increasingly deployed as autonomous adjudicators in semi-open textual game environments, robust rule adherence becomes critical when user intent conflicts with system rules. However, these models are trained to be helpful and compliant, leaving them vulnerable to a class of attacks we term \textit{Rhetorical Injection}, where adversarial users exploit narrative framing techniques such as pseudo-logical reasoning and authoritative coerc
Jointly Improving Dialect Identification and ASR in Indian Languages using Multimodal Feature Fusion
arXiv:2607.02862v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Dialect Identification (DID) are crucial for Indian languages, many of which are low-resource and exhibit significant dialectal differences. Existing methods often optimize ASR or DID individually, resulting in performance trade-offs. In this work, we propose a multimodal framework that jointly improves ASR and DID. Our method employs a Bottleneck Encoder to extract dialectal features from Conformer-based spe
PraMem: Practice-derived Experiential Memory for Long-horizon Behavior Prediction
arXiv:2607.02881v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon behavior prediction aims to infer a user's next action based on a lengthy historical sequence, playing a crucial role in artificial intelligence field. The rise of large language models (LLMs) offers a promising direction for sequential behavior prediction, yet LLMs struggle with latent behavioral pattern induction and model-intrinsic cognitive biases when tackling long-horizon behavior prediction. Prior memory management methods foll
Where do LLMs Fall Short in CBT-Guided Affective Reasoning?
arXiv:2607.02885v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) provides a structured framework for understanding a user's mental state by examining the interaction between cognitive and behavioral factors. However, out-of-the-box LLMs respond fluently and empathetically, yet collapse into validation & reflection, regardless of what the user actually needs. They know theoretical CBT (scoring up to 96% accuracy on licensing exam questions) but fail to apply it effectively. We
Distill Where the Student Goes: Teacher-Regularized RL for English-Evidence Cross-Lingual RAG
arXiv:2607.02966v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cross-lingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is often deployed in an English-evidence regime, where users query in diverse languages but retrieved passages remain English. In this setting, generation can fail despite strong base models: English evidence induces language drift (English or code-switching outputs) and models use evidence unreliably when producing non-English answers. We attribute these failures to two post-training challenges:
Hierarchical Sparse Attention Done Right: Toward Infinite Context Modeling
arXiv:2607.02980v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scaling modern large language models (LLMs) to long contexts is limited by the quadratic computation cost, and poor length extrapolation of dense attention. Chunk-wise sparse attention offers a promising alternative, but all existing methods fall short of full attention because of their inaccurate chunk selection. We propose Hierarchical Landmark Sparse (HiLS) Attention, a chunk-wise sparse attention mechanism that learns chunk selection end-to-en
psytechlab at CLPsych 2026: Utilising Natural Language Processing methods and Large Language Models for Social Media Text Analysis
arXiv:2607.03003v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Social media posts are a rich and valuable source of data for analyzing mental health states and users' well-being using automated analysis tools. In this work, we demonstrate how we used a range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), BERT-based models, and Large Language Models (LLMs), for self-state and well-being analysis and summarization during the CLPsych Shared Task 2026. Our approach achieved
Alignment-Guided Largest Table Overlap Size Estimation
arXiv:2607.03049v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fast estimation of the size of the largest overlap between tables enables blocking and query-by-table retrieval in large table repositories. The first and the state-of-the-art estimator Armadillo improves efficiency by embedding each table independently and approximating overlap ratio via embedding similarity. However, accurate estimation in heterogeneous repositories remains limited by three challenges: (C1) overlap depends on row-column structur
Don't Wait to Reply: Towards Responsive yet Thoughtful Dialogue through Proactive Thinking
arXiv:2607.03093v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Thinking has emerged as a critical capability for Large Language Models (LLMs) tackling complex tasks. However, its reactive nature, where reasoning is passively triggered only upon receiving a user response, inevitably introduces latency that compromises conversational fluidity. This stands in sharp contrast to human dialogue, where speakers proactively anticipate and plan future content during natural pauses to ensure seamless interaction. To br
Conditional Diffusion Guided Knowledge Transfer for Multi-Domain Knowledge Graph Completion
arXiv:2607.03154v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-domain knowledge graph completion (MKGC) aims to improve missing triple prediction in a target KG by transferring knowledge from other support KGs. Existing methods typically enforce consistency constraints on equivalent entities across KGs to transfer knowledge, which risks suppressing domain-specific contextual information of entities. This design can also compromise entity representation information from all KG domains, impeding performan
The Role of Prompt Language and Translation-Theory-Driven Prompts in Large Language Models: A Case Study on Spanish-Chinese Journalistic Translation
arXiv:2607.03160v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study examines how prompt language and translation theory-driven prompt design influence the quality of Spanish-Chinese journalistic translations generated by GPT-5.2. A parallel corpus of four editorials from El Pais was translated under 48 experimental conditions (4 prompt types, 3 prompt languages, and 4 articles). Translation quality was assessed using BLEU and BERTScore-F1 for automated evaluation, alongside human evaluation based on the
KARMA: Knowledge graph-based Automated Reasoning Materialization and Alignment
arXiv:2607.03166v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Template-based contrastive synthesis is scalable, but its candidates often differ only in a few entity-slots while sequence-level optimization spreads supervision over mostly shared templates. We formalize this as the Resolution Mismatch Problem and propose KARMA, which enumerates schema-constrained paths over domain knowledge graphs and verbalizes them into slot-aligned contrastive candidates. Slot-Parallel Alignment (SPA) then applies a decouple
S-DiverSe: Spanish Diverse Speech
arXiv:2607.03207v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has advanced remarkably for standard speech, yet speech affected by neurological conditions remains a challenge. We present S-DiverSe (Spanish Diverse Speech), a corpus of 3.2 hours of in-the-wild Spanish speech from 22 speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. The dataset contains 444 manually transcribed audio segments with metadata on speaker sex, disease type, and intelligi
TACG: Trajectory-Aware Commit Gating for Diffusion Language Model Decoding
arXiv:2607.03236v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion language models (DLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising masked positions, exposing a trajectory of predictive distributions rather than a single instantaneous belief. Most existing decoders ignore this trajectory and commit tokens from the current snapshot alone, conflating confidence with commitment readiness: a transient top-1 peak under incomplete context can be locked in, while candidates with consistent cross-step support are
From Gentlemen to Frontiermen: Masculine Formations in English-Language Fiction (1771--1930)
arXiv:2607.03323v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Masculinity in nineteenth-century fiction is not a single ideal but a field of competing scripts. Drawing on 150 British and American canonical novels from the txtLAB Novel450 corpus, published between 1771 and 1930, this paper examines the changing relative prominence of competing models of masculine authority. To focus the analysis on masculine characterisation, the study extracts male-character-centred text windows by using coreference resoluti
From Judgments to Issues: Structured Extraction of Legal Reasoning with Citation-Hallucination Control
arXiv:2607.03325v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present an automated pipeline that decomposes Italian tax-court judgments into individual legal issues and extracts, for each issue, a structured XML representation grounded in the IRAC framework and the legal syllogism. The pipeline targets a corpus of approximately $330{,}000$ first- and second-instance decisions of the Italian tax courts and is built around a capable yet cost-efficient general-purpose model (DeepSeek V3), a choice driven by
Learning 3D Affordances for Blade Insertion in Cluttered Stowing
arXiv:2607.02549v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many manipulation tasks require reasoning about free-space affordances: discovering volumes where an extended rigid tool can safely navigate, complementary to surface contact affordances for grasping. Robotic stowing is a canonical instance, where a blade must sweep items aside inside cluttered fabric bins to create insertion space. Production stow systems generate millions of such episodes, but standard approaches with unimodal data infer afforda
DELTAVID: Enhancing Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Perception with Cross-Video Differences
arXiv:2607.02551v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video multimodal large language models have made strong progress on open-ended video understanding, but they still lack precise local spatiotemporal perception. When two videos share almost the same global semantics and differ only in a short time span or a small region, current models often fail to find the change and provide reliable evidence. We propose DELTAVID, a verifiable proxy-task framework that enhances fine-grained spatiotemporal percep
Interpretable machine learning predicts Parkinson's disease severity using motion-corrected QSM MRI and multiband multiecho fMRI features
arXiv:2607.02553v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Introduction: Objective neuroimaging biomarkers may improve Parkinson's disease motor assessment by capturing brain variation not directly observable from clinical examination. We used interpretable machine learning to predict current motor severity, measured by MDS-UPDRS Part III, from QSM and multiband multi-echo resting-state fMRI-derived ReHo features. Methods: Regional QSM and ReHo features were extracted from 28 participants, including 24
Reliability-Aware Monocular Depth Supervision for Sparse-View Neural Reconstruction
arXiv:2607.02554v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparse-view neural reconstruction is challenging in outdoor driving scenes, where cameras usually move along a narrow forward-facing trajectory and provide limited multi-view overlap. Although monocular depth estimators can provide dense geometric priors, their predictions are noisy, and not uniformly reliable across image regions. In this work, we study monocular depth supervision for sparse-view neural reconstruction. We use Depth Anything V2 as
Do Diabetic Foot Ulcer Segmentation Models Generalize? A Cross-Dataset Benchmark of CNN and Transformer Architectures
arXiv:2607.02555v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning models for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) segmentation routinely report high accuracy, but they are almost always trained and tested on the same dataset, leaving their behaviour on data from a different clinical source largely unmeasured. We benchmark three representative segmentation architectures -- U-Net and DeepLabV3+ (convolutional) and SegFormer-B2 (Transformer) -- under an identical, leakage-screened protocol: training on the combi
How many labels do you need? A decision framework for cross-habitat marine species recognition
arXiv:2607.02559v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated image recognition is increasingly used to scale ecological monitoring beyond manual annotation, yet ecologists lack evidence-based guidance on how much labelling effort reliable deployment at new sites requires. We present a decision framework quantifying the trade-off between labelling effort and recognition accuracy when transferring vision systems across marine habitats. The benchmark spans five datasets, three oceans, and three taxon
Inpainting U-Net for seamless pedestrian-level wind prediction across urban morphologies
arXiv:2607.02560v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pedestrian-level wind prediction is essential for urban design and wind-comfort assessment, but high-fidelity simulations such as LES remain computationally expensive for rapid evaluation. This study develops a two-stage U-Net framework for efficient prediction of time-averaged pedestrian-level wind speed over realistic urban morphologies. The model is trained and evaluated using the UrbanTALES dataset, which contains realistic city configurations
Double-Helix Active Geometry: LiDAR-Anchored Multi-View Depth with Selective Abstention
arXiv:2607.02561v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Consumer depth sensors such as the LiDAR scanner on recent iPhones provide metric range, but their useful range is short and their returns are sparse. We present DH-Active, a lightweight, training-free geometry back-end that treats the sensor as a metric ruler rather than the sole source of depth. Near-field returns anchor the metric relative pose of two views through PnP; visually trackable samples without a valid depth return are then triangulat
Entropy-Coded MS-VQ-VAE with Learned Priors for Ultra-Low Bitrate Video Compression
arXiv:2607.02562v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learned video codecs based on continuous latent representations struggle to operate reliably below 0.1 bits per pixel~(bpp): without a differentiable rate signal, Lagrangian optimisation cannot effectively trade reconstruction quality for bitrate at extreme compression ratios. We demonstrate that discrete latent representations sidestep this limitation entirely. In a vector-quantized~(VQ) codec, the codebook size~$K$ imposes a hard information cei
Attention Dynamics in Diffusion Models: A Visual Analytics Framework for Human-AI Collaboration
arXiv:2607.02563v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion-based text-to-image models can synthesize complex and highly structured visual content, yet the emergence and evolution of semantic structure remain difficult to interpret. Many existing workflows rely on aggregated attention or scalar summaries that separate temporal change from image-space evidence. To address this gap, we present a visual analytics framework for exploring attention dynamics in diffusion models: the step-indexed evolut
From Raw Segmentations to Simulation-Ready Cardiac Meshes: An Automated Framework for Anatomical Reconstruction and Virtual Cohort Generation
arXiv:2607.02564v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computational models of the human heart are widely used to study electromechanical and fluid-dynamical cardiac function and to support applications such as in silico clinical trials. However, most studies remain limited to single or patient-specific anatomies, restricting the inclusion of population-level variability required for uncertainty quantification. A key challenge is translating medical-image segmentations, which may contain artifacts, me
Coordinate Singularities Break Conformal Coverage for Gaze and Head Pose
arXiv:2607.02565v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conformal prediction provides distribution-free reliability guarantees for vision systems, but these guarantees depend on how prediction errors are measured in the output space. Many vision tasks produce outputs on curved spaces (e.g. gaze directions on the sphere or 3D head rotations), yet intermediate prediction heads, residuals, uncertainty estimates, or conformal scores are often defined in flat coordinate charts such as yaw-pitch or Euler ang
MAGE: View-guided Point Cloud Completion with Efficient Modality Alignment and Adaptive Geometry Enhancement
arXiv:2607.02568v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: View-based point cloud completion aims to recover a complete 3D shape from a partial point cloud, guided by a single-view image. However, existing approaches often suffer from limited performance due to weak modality alignment and limited self-geometry enhancement. To overcome these challenges, we propose a unified geometry-aware framework that integrates efficient modality alignment and adaptive geometry enhancement, mainly to address cross-modal
Uncertainty-Aware Last-Layer Adaptation of RETFound for Referable Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Under Dataset Shift
arXiv:2607.02569v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents a safety-centered empirical evaluation of uncertainty-aware last-layer adaptation for referable diabetic retinopathy screening using RETFound, a self-supervised vision-transformer retinal foundation model used here as a frozen feature encoder, and the public APTOS 2019 and DDR diabetic retinopathy fundus image datasets. We compare a cached-feature softmax head, post-hoc temperature scaling, variational Bayesian last-layer heads
Dual-Adaptive SAM3: Hierarchical Routing over Low-Rank Expert Layers for Parameter-Efficient Medical Image Segmentation
arXiv:2607.02571v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Segment Anything Model with Concepts (SAM3) heralds a new paradigm for open-vocabulary segmentation through natural language interaction, offering significant potential for medical image analysis. However, effectively adapting such a powerful vision-language model to the diverse and nuanced domain of medical imaging remains a key challenge. Naive fine-tuning is parameter-inefficient, while standard Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) methods introduce pr
Additive Causal Construction for Transferable and Reconfigurable Cross-System Learning in Multi-Source Image Fusion
arXiv:2607.02572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In multi-source image fusion scenarios, heterogeneous inputs are typically driven by distinct generative mechanisms and can be viewed as a composition of multiple causal systems. However, cross-system discrepancy (CSD) and cross-system entanglement (CSE) commonly arise during the fusion process, often leading to significant performance degradation under out-of-distribution (OOD) predictions. To address the CSD and CSE issues, we propose the additi
Symmetry-Structured Neural Completion of Islamic Geometric Patterns from Sparse Control Geometry
arXiv:2607.02573v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Islamic geometric patterns are governed by exact rotational symmetry and strict construction rules. This paper treats these rules as formal geometric knowledge and embeds them in a neural completion framework, rather than leaving them to be learned statistically from data. Given sparse control geometry and a target symmetry order, the system completes the pattern as a vector graph by predicting edges and refinements of bounded curves over a candid
Criterion-Conditional In-Context Learning: Evaluating Criterion-Shift Adaptation in Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.02575v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models can perform new tasks without parameter updates through in-context learning (ICL), whose core mechanism is utilizing the support set for task induction. In the standard ICL setting, once the task is induced, its decision criterion remains fixed. However, in real-world applications, many tasks exhibit a stable high-level intent, while their decision criteria shift according to specific requirements. Thus, we introduce a new s
Classroom Behavior Monitoring with YOLO An Empirical Study in Higher Education Settings
arXiv:2607.02580v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Classroom behavior monitoring plays a vital role in evaluating student engagement and improving teaching effectiveness. Traditional observation methods remain subjective and lack scalability. This study introduces a real-world dataset of classroom videos collected at the Banking Academy of Vietnam (BAV-Classroom dataset), annotated with nine distinctive behavioral categories. State-of-the-art Computer Vision models were evaluated and compared, wit
Evaluating Intellectual Property Guardrails of Generative Image Models: A Technical Report
arXiv:2607.02582v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative image models are capable of producing images that bear a strong resemblance to, or replicate, recognizable intellectual property (IP). In this technical report, we present a benchmark and automated evaluation pipeline to test for evidence of IP guardrails in generative image models along with the propensity for these models to generate images with recognizable IP. The IP categories we tested include fictional characters, celebrity liken
Long-Term Optimization for Large-Scale Generative Retrieval with Off-Policy REINFORCE
arXiv:2607.02818v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generative retrieval has become a popular paradigm for large-scale recommendation. However, it is typically trained with supervised next-item prediction objectives that do not directly optimize long-term user satisfaction. In this work, we formulate recommendation as a session-level sequential decision-making problem and introduce an autoregressive approach for training generative retrievers with off-policy REINFORCE on pre-collected data. Unlik
HGenPush: A Heterogeneous Generative Recommendation Architecture for Industrial Push Notification Systems
arXiv:2607.03362v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the explosive growth of content platforms, recommendation systems need to better satisfy user demands to enhance user satisfaction and retention. Taking short-video platforms as an example, users not only seek high-quality content but also trusted authors. Although generative recommendation systems have achieved breakthroughs in recent years, existing methods primarily generate single-type recommendation content and typically employ the ineff
AI Overviews in Academic Search: Evaluating AI-generated Summaries of Search Results in a Domain-specific Search Engine
arXiv:2607.03421v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating search engine results pages (SERPs) to assess result relevance is a demanding step in academic search. In a formative mixed-methods design study, we examine AI-generated SERP-level summaries as a support feature in an academic search engine for social science information. First, we manually evaluated summaries of the top five results for 10 queries using two general-purpose models, one commercial and one open, deriving an exploratory si
Improving Access to Historical Archives with Real-time RAG-based Systems
arXiv:2607.03440v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Digitized historical archives are large, heterogeneous cultural heritage repositories, but access methods for such archives face challenges such as noisy optical character recognition (OCR) output and rigid keyword-based retrieval, which limit retrieval quality. In this work, we present an end-to-end archival processing and retrieval framework that integrates large language models (LLMs) into the archival pipeline. Our system introduces two core c
TRIAGE: Trustworthy Retrieval Instrumentation And Graph Evaluation
arXiv:2607.03447v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Knowledge graphs (KGs) that underpin Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) are increasingly built automatically by LLM-driven extraction rather than curated by experts. Proper evaluation would require instrumenting all pertinent stages: extraction, graph construction, and inference, coherently enough to localize failures, so that a failure at one stage is not discovered as a wrong answer at the end. We introduce TRIAGE, a stage-aw
SentAttack: A Sentence-Level Black-Box Adversarial Attack Method for Dense Retrieval Models
arXiv:2607.03456v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically consist of a dense retrieval (DR) model for initial retrieval and a neural ranking model (NRM) for re-ranking.Existing robustness studies in RAG mainly focus on NRMs, while adversarial attacks on DR models are mostly limited to word-level perturbations.For low-ranked target documents that are irrelevant to the query, simple word-level attacks are insufficient to mislead DR models into substant
Relevance-Based Embeddings: Lightweight Candidate Retrieval via Heavy-Ranker Calls
arXiv:2607.03515v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In many machine learning applications, the most relevant items for a query should be efficiently retrieved. The relevance function is usually an expensive similarity model, making the exhaustive search infeasible. A typical solution is to train another model that separately embeds queries and items to a vector space, where similarity is defined via the dot product or cosine similarity. This allows one to search the relevant items through fast appr
The Powerless Noise: How Experimental Settings Shape the Reported Power of Noise
arXiv:2607.03615v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent work has suggested that adding irrelevant documents to the input of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems can improve question-answering performance, a phenomenon referred to as the ``\textit{Power of Noise}.'' This motivated investigations into the role of noise in information retrieval. In this paper, we reproduce the main findings of Cuconasu et al. \cite{cuconasu2024power} and evaluate the robustness of the effect under extended
Next-Gen Sponsored Search: Crafting the Perfect Query with Inventory-Aware RAG (InvAwr-RAG) Based GenAI
arXiv:2607.03880v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sponsored search plays a crucial role in e-commerce revenue generation, where advertisers strategically bid on keywords to capture the attention of users through relevant search queries. However, the process of identifying pertinent keywords for a given query presents significant challenges because of a vast and evolving keyword landscape, ambiguous intentions, and topic diversity. This paper highlights an opportunity for to earn a considerable am
Enhancement of E-commerce Sponsored Search Relevancy with LLM
arXiv:2607.03886v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sponsored search plays a crucial role as a revenue stream for search engines, wherein advertisers competitively bid on keywords that align with the users' search queries. The task of matching relevant keywords to these queries is complicated by the vast and ever-evolving space of keywords, the ambiguity of user and advertiser intentions, and the wide range of topics and languages involved. Consequently, ensuring that ads are pertinent to user quer
Beyond Item Order: Temporal Gap Tokenization for Generative Recommendation with Semantic IDs
arXiv:2607.03918v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Semantic-ID-based generative recommendation has recently emerged as a scalable paradigm for sequential recommendation, where each item is represented by a compact sequence of discrete codes and next-item prediction is formulated as code generation. Existing methods, however, typically construct user histories as sequences of static item identifiers, leaving the elapsed time between consecutive interactions outside the generative input. This tempor
Patient-Conditioned Dual Hypergraph Reasoning for Auditable Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Support
arXiv:2607.04025v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription support requires patient-specific reasoning from clinical narratives to syndromes, treatment principles, herbs, and doses. Direct language-model generation can produce fluent prescriptions, but its decisions are difficult to audit against explicit clinical evidence. Static TCM knowledge resources provide useful priors, but they cannot determine which diagnostic and prescription relations should be em
Claim2Source at CheckThat! 2026: Improving Multilingual Scientific Claim-Source Retrieval with Verification-based Re-Ranking
arXiv:2607.04043v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multilingual scientific claim-source retrieval aims to identify the scientific publication supporting a claim shared on social media. This task is challenging because claims often differ from source publications in terms of language, wording, and level of detail, which weakens the connection between claims and their underlying evidence. In this paper, we present our approach for the CheckThat! 2026 Lab Task 1: Source Retrieval for Scientific Web C
UniSGR: Unified Framework for Semantic ID Generation and Ranking
arXiv:2607.04068v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recommendation systems play a pivotal role in modern e-commerce platforms. While generative retrieval has emerged as a promising paradigm for alleviating the limitations of multi-stage cascade architectures, existing methods still struggle with fine-grained multi-objective ranking. To bridge this gap, we propose UniSGR, a Unified framework for Semantic ID Generation and Ranking. UniSGR adopts a two-stage training paradigm: a multi-scenario pre-tra
Submitted and Diagnostic Analysis of Full-Text Temporal Retrieval for LongEval-Sci
arXiv:2607.04088v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LongEval-Sci evaluates scientific retrieval under collection change, where a system should be effective on the current corpus and remain usable as documents accumulate over time. This paper reports both official Task 1 results and development diagnostics for LongEval-Sci 2026. We compare the official PyTerrier BM25 and Qwen3 dense baselines with full-text BM25, additive and router variants, temporal full-text retrieval, temporal+citation retrieval
LBR: Towards Mitigating Length Bias in Large Language Models for Recommendation
arXiv:2607.04270v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful backbones for recommender systems by reformulating recommendation as a token-level generation task. Despite their promise, we identify a pervasive yet underexplored issue: $\textit{Length Bias}$. Because items are represented by textual descriptions of varying lengths, LLM-based recommenders can be systematically biased in two ways. On the input side, longer item descriptions occupy mo
Autonomous Information Seeking: A Roadmap for Agentic Recommender Systems
arXiv:2607.04433v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid integration of large language model-based agents into recommender systems has driven a shift from static, ranking-based pipelines toward autonomous and interactive systems that can reason, plan, and act. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of this emerging landscape by introducing a unified taxonomy grounded in the level of autonomy and three core paradigms of agentic recommender systems: agent-assisted recommendation, agent-as
Evaluation and Explainability of Unsupervised Scholarly Collaboration Recommendations
arXiv:2607.04529v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we examine unsupervised, content-based collaboration recommendations using publication text in scholarly settings. We compare three families of methods: a TF-IDF baseline, topic-based models (LDA and BERTopic, including clone variants), and embedding-based retrieval using SciBERT with Faiss. To evaluate model behavior beyond simple lexical matching, we introduce a constrained setting where publication overlap between researchers is
Do All Visual Tokens Matter Equally? Object-Evidence Preserving Token Merging for Vision-Language Retrieval
arXiv:2607.04605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-vector vision-language retrieval preserves fine-grained visual evidence through maximum-similarity late interaction, but dense image-side tokens make storage and scoring expensive. Existing token compression methods reduce this cost, yet they can remove or collapse object- and region-level evidence that future query tokens may need to select. We propose SaMer, an object-aware token merging framework that compresses image-side post-projector
Agentic and Generative AI for Open-Source Intelligence and Cyber Investigations: Taxonomy, Evaluation, Challenges, and Future Directions
arXiv:2607.03233v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid growth of publicly available digital information has rendered manual open-source intelligence (OSINT) analysis insufficient for modern intelligence, cybersecurity, and cyber investigation. Large language models (LLMs) and agentic AI systems, capable of tool use, multi-step reasoning, and iterative intelligence generation, have emerged as promising solutions, yet evaluation frameworks have not kept pace with reported capabilities. This
CORA: Per-Slice Coherent Orthogonal Rotation for SVD-based Low-Rank Adaptation
arXiv:2607.02576v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) commonly adapts pretrained weights through low-rank updates, and recent methods further exploit the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the base weight for initialization or subspace selection. However, these methods do not explicitly preserve the coupled geometry between the pretrained left and right singular bases. Motivated by recent minimum-perturbation theory, which shows that stable finetuning follows
Benign Overfitting Does Not Occur in Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.02671v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Benign overfitting and double descent have come to shape our understanding of generalization in deep learning, establishing that overfitting is not only compatible with good generalization but can actively benefit it. Diffusion models share much of the machinery of standard deep learning, so it is natural to assume that they also exhibit these properties. In this work, we show that this assumption is largely incorrect. We first establish fundament
Contaminated Multi-task Learning with Heterogeneity: Fundamental Limits and Optimal Algorithms
arXiv:2607.02681v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Integrating information across related tasks can improve estimation and prediction in transfer, multi-task, and federated learning, but contamination and heterogeneity make robust borrowing challenging. We study a contaminated multi-task empirical risk minimization (ERM) framework in which an $\epsilon$ fraction of $K$ tasks, each with sample size $n$, may be arbitrarily contaminated while the remaining tasks are heterogeneous. Our goal is to esti
Denoised Conformal Alignment for Reliable Selection of Conditional Average Treatment Effect Predictions
arXiv:2607.03161v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In selective deployment, practitioners act only on a model-chosen subset of individuals based on predicted conditional average treatment effects, but marginal conformal guarantees need not control reliability on that selected subset. We study reliable selection for black-box CATE predictors: selecting candidates whose CATE errors are below a tolerance while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). Since CATE errors are unobservable, we construc
A Hierarchy of Policy Learning Problems
arXiv:2607.03385v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Policy learning has received substantial attention with the goal of learning policies from observational data for decision-making. A majority of work in this space has focused on developing algorithms for computing policies that minimize regret compared to the optimal policy. However, in many practical settings, there is insufficient data to obtain low regret. As a result, recent work has shifted attention to alternative objectives, most notably,
Missing Data Imputation under Manifold Hypothesis
arXiv:2607.03641v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The manifold hypothesis posits that high-dimensional data are concentrated near a low-dimensional embedded manifold. Recent advances in mixture variational autoencoders (VAEs) provide a powerful tool for extracting such underlying structure in a faithful manner. The resulting geometric structure naturally introduces local and global relationships among variables, thereby providing a systematic way of imputing missing data. We propose a model-based
Sequential Correlations Change In-Context Learning: Effective Context Length and Architectural Mismatch
arXiv:2607.03660v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern sequence models have a striking capacity for in-context learning (ICL); they can perform new tasks based only on examples given in the prompt. Understanding how this ability emerges requires theory that captures important properties of natural data. Linear regression has served as a useful sandbox for ICL theory, but existing work has largely focused on prompts with independent examples. In this work, we extend this setting to sequentially
Robust Bayes-Assisted Conformal Prediction
arXiv:2607.04236v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bayes-assisted conformal prediction combines the strengths of Bayesian modelling with exact, distribution-free frequentist coverage guarantees. Although conformal validity is preserved even when the Bayesian working model (BWM) is misspecified, the size of the resulting prediction sets can degrade substantially when the prior is poorly aligned with the observed data. We address this limitation by introducing RoBAS (Robust Bayes-Assisted Shrinkage)
Fixed-Confidence Best-Arm Identification for Causal Mediation Analysis
arXiv:2607.04315v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper studies the problem of identifying the treatment that maximizes the expected natural direct potential outcome (NDPO), which captures the potential outcome of an intervention while excluding the pathway transmitted through a mediator that researchers may wish to remove from evaluation. We first establish population-level identification of the expected NDPO in a causal bandit setting using observable interventional distributions. We then
Optimal Mixture-of-Experts Model Averaging for Conditional Generative Models
arXiv:2607.04360v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conditional generative models have emerged as powerful tools for sampling from target conditional distributions, driving substantial advances across a wide range of scientific and applied domains. As these models proliferate, practitioners often face multiple plausible generators whose performance can vary with the task, data, or input condition. We propose an optimal model averaging framework for conditional generative models, allowing candidate
On Pairwise Quantile Regression -- Statistical Guarantees and Applications
arXiv:2607.04431v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantile regression provides a powerful tool for summarizing the conditional distribution of a real valued random variable (r.v.) of interest $Y$ as a function of covariates $Z$ in cases where it shows a large dispersion with high probability, going beyond the situation where standard least square regression is informative/predictive. This article aims to extend this methodology to the pairwise case, when the variable to be explained takes the for
Tightening the Score Matching Gap for Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.04442v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models (DMs) are a state-of-the-art generative method to approximately sample from an unknown distribution. Their training and evaluation primarily rely on an Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO), which relates the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence of model samples to the score matching loss along the path, which serves as a tractable surrogate. The difference between sample quality and the score matching loss produced by this bound leads to the \
Causal ASCEND: Scalable Two-tier Causal Discovery on High Dimensional Multi-omics Data
arXiv:2607.04527v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Biological systems exhibit a hierarchical structure, characterised by directed flow from upstream regulators to downstream effects. Although this ordering provides a natural scaffold for causal inference, most causal discovery and GRN methods either ignore the tiered organisation or condition on all upstream variables, which becomes infeasible for high-dimensional omics data. We present ASCEND (Ancestral Scalable Causal discovEry via iNherited Des
Integrating Neural Encoders in Bayesian Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Multimodal Data
arXiv:2607.04647v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scalable Bayesian inference for generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) provides uncertainty-aware analysis of correlated longitudinal data, but existing scalable approaches largely assume low-dimensional tabular predictors and do not directly accommodate high-dimensional modalities such as images and text. We address this limitation by learning one or more modality-specific neural encoders jointly with a GLMM objective, then performing variance-c
Decomposition for Bayesian Networks: Local and Parallel Inference
arXiv:2607.04650v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Probabilistic inference in high-dimensional Bayesian networks is difficult because exact manipulation of the joint distribution scales exponentially with network size. We propose a decomposition framework based on directed convex subgraphs and introduce a minimal d-decomposition tree. Together, they provide a principled alternative to classical junction-tree constructions. The proposed framework represents the joint distribution by lower-dimension
Wasserstein Residuals: Learning Gradient Flows from Population Dynamics
arXiv:2607.04738v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reconstructing population dynamics is a central problem in the physical and data sciences. Often, the dynamics are modeled as a Wasserstein gradient flow (WGF): a curve of distributions driven by an energy functional. Though there are multiple mathematical characterizations of a WGF, the dominant algorithmic approach relies on the Jordan--Kinderlehrer--Otto (JKO) scheme. JKO-based methods are inflexible to time discretisation and require solving c
Non-asymptotic Convergence of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Score-based Generative Models
arXiv:2607.04775v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) have achieved impressive performance in data generation across a wide range of applications. While the statistical properties of their sampling procedures are increasingly well understood, the optimization dynamics underlying their training remain less explored. SGMs are typically trained by minimizing a weighted denoising scorematching objective, yet optimization guarantees with stochastic gradients remain lim
Context-Constrained Transfer Learning for Tabular Foundation Models via Data Distillation
arXiv:2607.04809v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tabular Foundation Models (TFMs) have demonstrated strong empirical performance as black-box inference engines through in-context learning. However, their use in transfer learning is limited by two obstacles: strict context-size constraints and sensitivity to distribution shifts between source and target tasks. Directly pooling heterogeneous source data can therefore lead to negative transfer. To address these challenges, we propose Context-Constr
Geometric Causal Models
arXiv:2607.05153v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientists often seek to draw causal inferences from structured data that is not independently and identically distributed, such as spatial data, network data, or molecular data. We develop geometric causal models (GCMs), a framework for causal inference from dependent data that exploits underlying symmetries of the data generating process. For example, in spatial data, we consider processes that are symmetric under translations, or in graph data,
msPCA: An R Package for Sparse PCA with Multiple Components
arXiv:2607.05229v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present msPCA: an open-source R package for sparse principal component analysis with multiple components. It implements an alternating maximization algorithm to generate a set of sparse loading vectors that collectively explain a large fraction of the variance in a dataset, while remaining non-redundant. The algorithm supports two definitions of non-redundancy: either orthogonality of the loading vectors or zero pairwise correlation between pri
Efficient bias mitigation in T2I diffusion models using Concept Graphs
arXiv:2607.03397v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-to-Image diffusion models often propagate harmful bias inherited from the training data. Existing bias mitigation techniques typically intervene only at the text encoder or provide inference-time guidance, often leading to generations that collapse into semantically incoherent outputs. To address these limitations, we introduce CO-ALIGN (Concept Ontology Alignment), a novel bias mitigation approach based on concept-graph alignment that operat
Personalized Causal Recourse: A Human-In-The-Loop Approach
arXiv:2607.03425v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Algorithmic recourse addresses the challenge of providing tailored recommendations to users affected by unfavorable machine learning decisions, in potentially high-stakes scenarios. Traditional approaches to recourse often rely on the closest counterfactual explanations or assume a priori knowledge of a user's causal structure, resulting in interventions that overlook individual contexts and specific feature interactions. To overcome these limitat
Demonstrating Generalization Failures via Mixtures of Conditional Policies
arXiv:2607.03478v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training of frontier language models is conducted on curated task suites, and inevitably leaves a distribution shift between training and deployment environments. This exposes developers to generalization failures, which are relatively poorly understood. To better understand such generalization failures, we believe the community should construct clean demonstrations under simplified conditions. To facilitate this, we propose a simple and flex
MentalThink: Shaping Thoughts in Mental SVG World
arXiv:2607.03530v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce MentalThink, a visual-symbolic reasoning paradigm that equips Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) with an executable mechanism for "mental" visualization. The core of MentalThink is a think-with-SVG pipeline, where the model learns to generate, render, and interpret scalable vector graphics (SVG) code as an intermediate visual representation for multi-turn reasoning. By creating structured vector sketches, the model can externalize spatial hypoth
Applying Answer Set Programming with Fuzzy Membership Functions: a Case Study
arXiv:2607.03550v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human reasoning often operates through qualitative concepts expressed by linguistic labels such as high, low, expensive, or cheap, whose interpretation depends on context and is usually vague, despite being rooted in numerical data. This paper explores a novel fuzzy-logic-based qualitative extension of Answer Set Programming (ASP) to bridge numerical information and qualitative reasoning. The underlying language, formally introduced in a separate
How to Avoid Debate: Scalable AI Safety via Doubly-Efficient Interactive Proofs
arXiv:2607.03561v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As AI models continue to develop powerful capabilities, it becomes critical that we are able to verify that their output is aligned with our intentions. A recent line of work focuses on verification via debate, a model of interactive proofs where two competing powerful provers, or AI models, debate each other to convince a weak verifier, or a human, of the correctness of their claim. However, debate assumes that the two AI models possess equal abi
The Role of Rigor in Artificial Intelligence
arXiv:2607.03634v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved extraordinary capabilities despite lacking many of the conceptual and scientific foundations associated with mature disciplines. Unlike traditional sciences, where reliable technology typically emerges from theoretical understanding, modern AI has progressed largely through performance-driven iteration and "alchemical" experimentation. This tension motivates a systematic analysis of AI through the lens of
Robust Feasible Route Construction through Collaborative Partition Optimization
arXiv:2607.03694v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large-scale Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems (CVRPs) are commonly solved by partitioning customers into smaller routing problems that can be optimized independently. While this substantially reduces computational complexity, independently constructed routing solutions may leave some customer demand unserved even when sufficient resources exist elsewhere in the fleet. We present Collaborative Routing Constructors (CoRC), a routing framework tha
Can Conversational Temporal Dynamics Improve Depression Detection in Dyads? A Preliminary Investigation in Multi-Modality Perspectives
arXiv:2607.03744v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatic depression detection from clinical interviews typically models the semantic content and acoustic characteristics of participant speech. However, the interactional timing between the clinician and participant remains comparatively under-modeled. We investigate conversational temporal dynamics, specifically dyadic turn-pair timing, as a primary modality fused with self-supervised encoders. Evaluated on the DAIC-WOZ dataset, we compare a co
Bridging Interleaved Multi-Modal Reasoning as a Unified Decision Process
arXiv:2607.03748v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unified multi-modal models (UMMs) have shown promising interleaved text-image reasoning capabilities, yet effectively optimizing such multi-turn generation via reinforcement learning (RL) remains an open challenge. Existing approaches apply RL exclusively to text steps, relegating image generation to supervised surrogates, preventing policy gradients from propagating through the full interleaved trajectory across heterogeneous modalities. This lea
Folding, Reasoning, and Scaling with Open-source Drug Discovery Engine
arXiv:2607.03787v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurately modeling biomolecular interactions is a central bottleneck in biology and therapeutic discovery. Here, we introduce Open Drug Discovery Engine (OpenDDE), an open-source, all-atom biomolecular foundation model that uses co-folding as the entry point to a scalable AI-driven drug discovery engine. Rather than treating structure prediction as an isolated endpoint, OpenDDE is designed as a shared structural reasoning layer for modeling seque
Harness-Aware Self-Evolving: Co-Evolving Model Weights, Harness, and Task Solutions
arXiv:2607.03935v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-evolving frameworks usually optimize task solutions while treating the surrounding harness as fixed. We introduce Harness-Aware Self-Evolving (HASE), an agentic reinforcement-learning framework in which a single model can generate task solutions or edit selected harness components in a multi-turn action space. HASE enables a single Qwen3-8B model to match the text-classification performance of a GPT-OSS-120B model that uses Claude Code as the
Explainable AI for Screening Abuse-Related Trauma in Bangladeshi Children: A Training-Free Multimodal Framework Evaluated on Noise-Aware Synthetic Data
arXiv:2607.04010v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bangladesh has an estimated 1.17 mental-health professionals per 100,000 population and only six child psychiatrists nationwide. No Bengali-language, culturally adapted tool exists for early screening of abuse-related psychological trauma in children. We present ShishuRaksha AI, a decision-support (not diagnostic) framework that fuses four screening modalities: validated questionnaires (SDQ, CPSS), Bengali narrative text, House-Tree-Person (HTP) d
What is Left for Us? Second Scholarship Against the Degradation of Research by AI
arXiv:2607.04049v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We argue that generative AI can degrade research by eroding the very practices through which scholarly judgement is formed and academic trust is built. As constitutive conditions for the production and validation of knowledge, these practices cannot be reduced to the final outputs of research, which is what AI so effectively simulate. Accordingly, when researchers delegate central tasks of inquiry to systems like Large Language Models, they may st
PLACEMEM: Toward a Compute-Aware Memory Plane for Lifelong Agents
arXiv:2607.04089v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Lifelong agents need more than larger context windows and better retrieval. They need memories that can persist, evolve, and be corrected without forcing the serving stack to recompute the same history on every turn or silently reuse stale runtime state. We present PLACEMEM as a systems position on lifelong-agent memory, instantiated by an executable control-plane prototype. The central claim is that agent memory should be represented as versioned
Forethought: Verifiable Reasoning from Neurosymbolic Primitive Programming
arXiv:2607.04096v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current agentic workflows usually involve decomposing user requests into sequences of tool calls with correctly resolved parameters, the results of which are processed through reasoning traces in the language model's context window. The prevailing route to improve such reasoning is test-time scaling, which trains models to search over long chains of thought; but the resulting capability is entangled in model weights, is not verifiable step-by-step
Language models guide symbolic equation discovery by controlling search
arXiv:2607.04156v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific equation discovery must combine broad domain priors with strict numerical testing. Symbolic regression supplies numerical grounding but faces a combinatorial search space, whereas many language-model systems ask the model to propose or select formulas directly. We test a different division of labour. We compare role specifications in which the language model acts as equation author, candidate decider or search controller, alongside end-
A Clustering-Based Framework for Identifying Suspicious Trading Patterns in Capital Market
arXiv:2607.04184v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Market manipulation is the dubious practice of manipulating stock prices in order to make a quick profit, which truly degrades confidence on trading platforms. We implemented an unsupervised fraud-detection toolkit that begins with K-Means++ clustering to address this issue. A dataset of roughly one million financial transactions from 2012 to 2024 is used. In order to identify fraudulent trades and categorize them using market practice heuristic t
Agentic IoT: Architectures, Applications, and Challenges Toward the Internet of Agents
arXiv:2607.04219v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The integration of AI into Internet of Things (AIoT) systems has gradually transformed them from passive data collection infrastructures into intelligent systems capable of anomaly detection, predictive maintenance, classification, forecasting, and optimization. However, most existing solutions still rely on task-specific models that infer from sensor data; thus, system-wide capabilities such as real-time reasoning, adaptive planning, autonomous c
Unsupervised Features Mining via Activation Geometry
arXiv:2607.04222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interpretability methods aim to reveal the features represented inside large language models (LLMs). Many existing methods begin with labeled examples of a human-defined concept that may reflect human biases, and then identify how that concept is represented within the model, for example in its activation space or through other decomposition methods. We introduce \emph{Mining via Activation Geometry} (MAG), a simple unsupervised framework for extr
Efficient Decentralized Multi-task Dataset Valuation via Model Merging
arXiv:2607.03346v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate and efficient dataset valuation is essential for enabling fair and transparent data marketplaces, especially when multiple contributors provide data for training multi-task models. Most existing valuation methods, however, are limited to single-task settings, overlooking scenarios where a buyer aims to optimize performance across multiple downstream tasks. Moreover, traditional valuation approaches, such as Shapley-based or retraining-bas
Spectral Signatures of Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.03377v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapidly growing repository of publicly available large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges for systematic management and quantification at scale, such as model lineage tracing, licensing, and evaluation. However, task-specific benchmarks are insufficient for this setting, as LLMs differ widely in architectures, scales, and training procedures. To address this challenge, we adopt spectral shape-based metrics for managing and
The Classics at SemEval-2026 Task 3: Combining Transformer Models and LLM-Generated Annotations for Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis
arXiv:2607.03414v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents an approach to the SemEval-2026 Task 3: Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis. We investigate methods for moving beyond traditional categorical sentiment (e.g., positive or negative) to predict fine-grained, real-valued scores for sentiment "valence" (positivity) and "arousal" (intensity). We participate in two subtasks: predicting these scores for given aspects (Subtask 1) and extracting full sets of sentiment details, i
CaresAI at SMM4H-HeaRD 2026: Predicting TNM Staging
arXiv:2607.03466v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study aims to predict Tumor, Node, and Metastasis (TNM) stage labels independently, with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pathology report as the sixth shared task of SMM4H-HeaRD 2026. The problem is framed as three multi-label classification tasks. We explore both classical and deep learning approaches using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) features and embeddings from ClinicalBERT, BioBERT, and PubMedBERT. These representati
Learning from Lost Provenance: Multiple Instance Learning for Cancer Registry Tumor Group Classification
arXiv:2607.03481v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modernizing cancer registries with deep learning is opening new opportunities to automate labor-intensive tasks such as the coding of pathology reports. However, progress is constrained by the scarcity of report-level human-annotated training data. Cancer registries generate substantial volumes of expert-assigned labels as a routine product of their operations, but these exist at the patient level and are not linked to the individual pathology rep
Reading Between the Dots: Decoding Hidden Computation across Filler Tokens
arXiv:2607.03502v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Frontier LLMs can perform multi-step reasoning over content-free filler tokens like dots or counting sequences, producing correct answers with no visible chain-of-thought (CoT). This is a limit case for behavioral oversight, where surface tokens carry no information about the underlying reasoning. But hidden from the output is not the same as hidden from us. On four task families (fact retrieval, parallel numeric composition, string manipulation,
Mental Health Disorder Detection Beyond Social Media: A Systematic Review of Available Datasets
arXiv:2607.03540v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Detecting mental health disorders in a timely manner is an important societal challenge. NLP and machine learning (ML) methods used to assist with detection rely on data collected primarily from social media. However, such datasets often have sampling biases and inherent ethical and privacy issues. One avenue to overcome these limitations is non-social media data. We present the first comprehensive review of non-social media, free-text datasets fo
They Infer What You Meant: Models Represent Communicative Intent More Reliably Than They Act On It
arXiv:2607.03598v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When a person shares something with a language model, the model often answers the surface of the message rather than what the sender was doing by sending it: share a finished project and it critiques the code; share a raw late-night line and it runs a wellness check. We treat the sender's communicative intent, the Gricean what-was-meant, as a first-class interpretability object, and show the failure is one of readout on top of a robust representat
Revealing Hidden Model Behaviors with Task-Specific Self-Reports
arXiv:2607.03640v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fine-tuning can give a language model a hidden behavior--it may give false answers under a narrow condition, or give harmful advice only when a prompt touches a particular topic. We introduce the Stabilized Adapter for self-Report (SAR), a lightweight LoRA adapter that makes a fine-tuned model describe its own hidden behavior in plain language, using only the model and the dataset it was trained on. Across seven implanted behaviors (plus a no-beha
Annotating Korean adnominal ending constructions in corpus data: Beyond relative-clause identification
arXiv:2607.03681v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Korean adnominal ending \texttt{ETM} occurs in diverse noun-modifying constructions, including relative-clause-like modifiers, adjectival and copular forms, bound-noun constructions, and lexicalized expressions. This paper argues that \texttt{ETM} is not a direct marker of relative-clause structure, but a morphological exponent shared by several adnominal constructions. We propose a corpus-based typology that distinguishes these constructions
Optimizing Large Language Models for Causality Assessment in Pharmacovigilance: Developing a Performance Metric as Objective for Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization
arXiv:2607.03704v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Background: Growing individual case safety report (ICSR) volumes have intensified demand for scalable automated causality assessment. Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise, yet performance on clinically demanding tasks remains suboptimal and inference-time hyperparameter optimization has not been investigated. Objective: To develop a Gaussian Process (GP)-compatible optimization objective and investigate whether temperature optimization improv
GRASP: Graph-Reasoning Aided Survey Planning for High-Fidelity Related Work Generation
arXiv:2607.03709v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Writing a literature review requires a deep understanding of the relationships among cited papers: how they build on, challenge, or offer alternative perspectives to one another. We present Graph-Reasoning Aided Survey Planning (GRASP), a framework combining LLM planning for related work generation with graph algorithms to extract key relationships among cited papers. Our two-layer graph structure consists of a Graph of Thoughts and an Argument-Co
SelfMem: Self-Optimizing Memory for AI Agents
arXiv:2607.03726v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While current AI agents support increasingly long context windows, tool use, and skill execution for long-horizon tasks, they still require memory systems to effectively leverage historical experience. Existing memory frameworks typically rely on fixed storage, retrieval, and summarization mechanisms, which can be rigid across different tasks and often require manual tuning. To address this limitation, we propose SelfMem, a self-optimizing memory
Beyond Static Rules: Automated Discovery of Latent Vulnerabilities in Text-to-SQL
arXiv:2607.03833v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in Text-to-SQL tasks, their deployment in real-world environments is hindered by latent reliability issues. Identifying these latent weaknesses is critical for building trustworthy database interfaces, yet current diagnostic approaches rely heavily on static, expert-defined rules, which lack the capability for systematic and automated exploration. To bridge this gap, we propose SA
Rethinking Scientific Discovery in an Agentic Era
arXiv:2607.03863v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Artificial intelligence has advanced scientific discovery, but most AI4Science systems remain fragmented tools that rely on humans to coordinate problem formulation, literature grounding, model use, simulation, validation, and knowledge reuse. This paper presents \textbf{SCION (Scientific Collaborative Innovation with Agentic Organizational Nexus)}, an agentic scientific operating system that acts as an \textbf{organizational nexus}. Through a Sci
Consistent but Miscalibrated: Evaluating LLM Limitations for Risk Communication in Natural Language
arXiv:2607.03882v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLMs are increasingly deployed as post-hoc explainers of AI-generated outputs, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably communicate probabilistic information in natural language. For this role to be viable, models must produce identical verbal descriptions for identical inputs, and select descriptions that accurately reflect the magnitude of the underlying numerical quantities. We evaluate whether nine LLMs meet these requirements within a
Probe, Don't Prompt: A Hidden-State Probe for Metadata Filtering in Multi-Meta-RAG
arXiv:2607.03929v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-Meta-RAG improves retrieval for multi-hop question answering by filtering a vector store on metadata (the news source) that it extracts from each query by prompting gpt-3.5-turbo. We show this proprietary, free-form extractor can be replaced by a local, deterministic probe trained on the hidden states of a small open-source language model. On all 2556 MultiHop-RAG queries the probe reaches 90.9% set-exact accuracy against 88.0% for a model-f
Can Dialects Be Steered Like Languages? Sparse Neurons and Distributed Directions in Arabic LLMs
arXiv:2607.03936v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A key challenge in Arabic NLP is the scarcity of dialectal data relative to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), causing LLMs to overproduce MSA and struggle with dialectally accurate generation. From an interpretability perspective, this raises a fundamental question: where and how are dialectal features encoded within model internals, and can these representations be leveraged to improve dialect generation without fine-tuning? This study investigates t
The Remarkable Effectiveness of Providing AI Agents with Natural Language Tools: A Replication Study Validating NLT Performance Across 14 Models
arXiv:2607.03953v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study independently replicates and extends the Natural Language Tools (NLT) framework of Johnson et al.~(2025), which questions the use of structured tool calling in large language model (LLM) agentic systems. We evaluated NLT across 14 models and 8,560 trials, adding newer frontier, reasoning, and open-weight models to the original set. The results confirm the core findings and add detail. NLT improves tool-calling accuracy by 14.9 percentag
NormWorlds-CF: Solver-Verified Counterfactual Normative Reasoning with Metamorphic-Relation GRPO
arXiv:2607.03957v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models can reach the right normative verdict for the wrong reason. We introduce NormWorlds-CF, a solver-verified environment for counterfactual normative reasoning in executable rule worlds. Its deterministic solver produces final answers, proof and falsification certificates, argument statuses, support sets, and paired-world change labels, enabling supervision and evaluation without LLM judges. The benchmark contains staged SFT diagnosti
RotateAttention: RoPE-Aware Rotation and Range Rectification for INT4 Quantized Attention in Video Generation
arXiv:2607.02584v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In \textbf{DiT-based video generation models equipped with 3D Rotary Position Embeddings (3D RoPE)}, the attention mechanism remains a primary computational bottleneck due to its quadratic complexity with respect to sequence length. While quantized \textbf{FlashAttention} offers a promising path toward hardware acceleration, existing low-bit quantization methods overlook two critical challenges in this setting: \textbf{1)} applying online rotation
Homer: Understanding Long-form Videos with Hierarchical Memory and Agentic Reasoning
arXiv:2607.02588v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal large language models excel on short clips but struggle on hour-long videos in an online setting, where frames are processed incrementally under limited memory. Existing online methods either retain compact visual representations that lack semantic structure, or build higher-level memory stores organized around temporal proximity rather than explicit causal links, leaving multi-hop narrative reasoning to be reconstructed by the LLM at e
CPR: Chained Perceptual Refinement for Coarse-to-Fine Medical Image Classification
arXiv:2607.02591v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High resolution medical images contain fine grained, spatially sparse cues that are critical for diagnosis, yet preserving full resolution incurs substantial computational and memory costs. Most deep models process images uniformly, leading to redundant computation or loss of diagnostic detail under downsampling. We propose Chained Perceptual Refinement, CPR, a coarse to fine framework that formulates medical image analysis as a sequential global
H-OPD: Confidence Aware Heterogeneous Multi-Teacher Multimodal On-policy Distillation
arXiv:2607.02592v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) has recently emerged as an effective post-training paradigm by providing supervision on student-generated trajectories. However, existing OPD methods for multimodal reasoning usually rely on a static teacher routing, assigning each sample to a single teacher based on modality or task type. This ignores that visual grounding and abstract reasoning may dominate different decoding steps, making a single teacher insufficie
Token-level Response-visual Attention Guidance for Multimodal LLMs Knowledge Distillation
arXiv:2607.02593v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While knowledge distillation (KD) is widely adopted for training lightweight models by leveraging supervision from larger teacher models, relying solely on output token distributions has proven insufficient for compressing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Since output tokens are a byproduct of the model attending to visual inputs, prior works have explored explicitly distilling attention to provide a direct supervisory signal. While promi
An automated method of identifying incorrectly labelled images based on the sequences of loss functions of deep learning networks
arXiv:2607.02594v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning is widely applied in medical image analysis, but up to 10% of manually labelled images may be incorrect, degrading model performance. This paper proposes an automated method to identify incorrectly labelled medical images by analyzing sequences of loss functions from deep learning classification networks over multiple training epochs. Identified images can be reviewed and relabelled by experts, improving dataset quality and model per
CIPHER: Causal Intervention Pathways for Healthcare Equity and Robustness
arXiv:2607.02596v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning models for medical diagnosis frequently exhibit substantial performance disparities across sensitive subgroups (e.g., race, sex), even when average accuracy is high. While generative data augmentation offers a route to mitigate this, existing strategies are suboptimal; they typically address only one or two dependency channels between sensitive attributes and image features. We formalize the medical image formation process via a stru
CV-DCLR: Causal-Visual Dynamic Label Refinement for Robust Zero-Shot Learning
arXiv:2607.02601v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) facilitates knowledge transfer via shared semantic spaces. However, a critical bottleneck in this paradigm is Semantic Entanglement, where visual representations are inevitably conflated with visually similar semantic concepts, such as distinguishing the intrinsic traits of a Wolf from the shared features of a Husky. Existing global alignment methods often indiscriminately maximize correlations between visual and semantic
DynaWM: A Base-VLA-Guided World Foundation Model for Moving-Object Manipulation
arXiv:2607.02604v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Although vision-language-action (VLA) models have received widespread attention, many challenges remain in manipulating dynamic moving objects. In most existing approaches, end-to-end forward or inverse dynamics models, i.e., world models, are incorporated into high-performance base VLA architectures, which may degrade the performance of well-pretrained base VLA models due to inappropriate fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose DynaWM, a base-VLA-
Latent Visual Cache for Video Reasoning
arXiv:2607.02607v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video reasoning requires Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to remain grounded in dense evidence, yet existing systems largely adopt "read-once, generate-many" paradigm, in which visual grounding weakens during generation. This phenomenon has been widely observed and is known as Visual Anchoring Decay. To fill this gap, we introduce Latent Video Cache (Latent-VC), a recurrent latent visual cache inserted into the decoder to preserve compact visual mem
Privacy-Preserving Industrial Ergonomics: mmWave-Based Automated REBA Scoring and Pose Estimation
arXiv:2607.02611v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) require continuous ergonomic assessments. While Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) is a gold-standard observation tool, manual monitoring is labor-intensive, and vision-based automation leads to privacy concerns. This paper proposes a novel end-to-end multi-task learning framework for privacy-preserving ergonomic assessment using millimetre-wave (mmWave) radar. A spatio-temporal backbone reconstructs
SE-UNet: Singular Equivariant Imaging for Real-World Constrained Generation
arXiv:2607.02628v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While diffusion models have revolutionized image synthesis, their application to real-world inverse problems is often hampered by the need for massive datasets and the difficulty of imposing strict physical constraints. In this work, we introduce \textbf{SE-UNet} (Singular Equivariant UNet), a framework designed to solve ill-posed imaging tasks without extensive pre-training. By treating generation as an optimization problem constrained by geometr
CLABTOOLKIT: An Open-Source Toolkit for Routine Processing, Manipulation, and Visualization of Neuroimaging Data
arXiv:2607.02638v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neuroimaging research requires manipulating heterogeneous data structures, including raw MRI volumes, volumetric parcellations, cortical surface meshes, tractograms, and connectivity matrices, across tools with incompatible interfaces and file formats, forcing researchers to repeatedly re-implement routine but technically demanding operations. We present CLABTOOLKIT, an open-source Python package that consolidates these operations into a single, c
BiSLW: Bi-Spectral Latent Watermarking for Generative Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.02643v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion-based generative models have transformed visual content synthesis, yet they remain vulnerable to unauthorized usage and lack reliable attribution methods. Existing watermarking techniques often treat latent tensors as static spatial feature maps or depend on pixel-domain modification, and most do not explicitly leverage the internal frequency structure of the latent space for dual-band redundant embedding, leaving them susceptible to the
EmoteGPT: 3D Human Facial Expressions from Natural Language Descriptions
arXiv:2607.02674v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Precise control of 3D facial expressions from text is crucial for virtual avatars, animation, and human-computer interaction, yet existing text-to-3D methods jointly generate identity, expression, and texture, making fine-grained expression control difficult. We instead formulate text-driven expression synthesis as a regression problem in the disentangled parameter space of a 3D Morphable Model (3DMM). This setting, however, requires paired data l
K9-Bench: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs on Canine-Centric Videos
arXiv:2607.02680v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: MLLMs have shown strong zero-shot capabilities across diverse inputs such as across images, video, audio, and text. A crucial, yet underexplored, application of these models lies in understanding and modeling animal-centric scenarios. As animals are integral to millions of households, benchmarking next-generation AI models on pet-focused tasks, ranging from recognizing distress signals to enabling responsive robotic companions, is essential for bu
S-EMBER: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Streaming Egocentric Memory Retrieval
arXiv:2607.02689v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As wearable devices enable continuous first-person recording, AI assistants must reason across long time horizons to recall past experiences-a capability known as episodic memory. Current benchmarks often rely on offline evaluation with access to entire video files, failing to simulate the streaming reality of wearable intelligence. We introduce S-EMBER (Streaming Egocentric Memory Benchmark for Episodic Retrieval), a large-scale benchmark compris
An Automated Multimodal Glaucoma Detection Framework Using ViT and a Stacking-Based Ensemble
arXiv:2607.02692v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that can lead to irreversible vision loss if not detected at an early stage. Conventional diagnostic procedures are often time-consuming and rely heavily on expert interpretation, limiting their scalability for large-scale screening. In this study, glaucoma detection is investigated under two evaluation settings: sample-wise, where individual samples are analyzed independently, and patient-wise, where data fro
Property-Constrained 3D Porous Media Reconstruction from 2D Images via Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
arXiv:2607.02693v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study presents a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) framework for generating 3D porous media volumes with controlled porosity, trained exclusively on 2D thin section images. The key innovation lies in combining property-conditioned generation with 2D-to-3D reconstruction, eliminating the need for expensive 3D training data while maintaining control over petrophysical properties. The framework employs a hybrid architecture with
Aircraft Detection in Satellite Imagery using Deep Learning Object Detectors
arXiv:2607.02699v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The object detection in satellite imagery has garnered considerable attention due to its extensive real-world applications and the inherent challenges it presents, including noise, fluctuating image quality, and intricate backgrounds. This paper proposed a framework for object detection that combines image enhancement and Deep Learning (DL) to make detection more accurate. First, a Gabor filter is used to process the input image to bring out impor
Taste-aware music retrieval from audio embeddings
arXiv:2607.03296v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Crossmodal correspondences between sound and taste are well established in psychology and neuroscience, but largely absent from content-based multimedia retrieval. We formalise taste-from-audio prediction as a content-based music information retrieval benchmark over a perceptually validated multi-source corpus, comparing ten frozen audio encoders from the four HEAR families under a shared multi-task regression head, with gated late-fusion as a c
Beyond Post-Quantization: Native Hash Learning with a Dedicated HASH Token
arXiv:2607.03328v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Efficient large-scale image retrieval requires compact representations that preserve semantic similarity under fast Hamming-space search. Deep hashing is appealing, but most existing CNN- and ViT-based methods still follow a post-quantization paradigm, where continuous visual features are first learned and binary codes are then produced by a terminal hash projection or binarization operation. This late code generation creates a feature-to-code d
Two-dimensional Fourier compressed sensing under a fixed readout budget per channel
arXiv:2607.03611v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recovering sparse signals from their subsampled Fourier representation is an important problem in communications, radar, and imaging. In this letter, we focus on reconstructing sparse 2D signals (matrices) under the constraint that only a fixed number of entries can be sampled from each channel, e.g., a row or a column in the Fourier domain. For a specified per-channel readout budget, we derive a lower bound on the mutual coherence of the corres
Conductance-Repair Evidence Graphs for Prospective Security Retrieval
arXiv:2607.04070v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Security retrieval is often evaluated as ranking over complete evidence, but operational triage is prospective: CVE descriptions, weakness metadata, fix commits, EPSS scores, KEV membership, validation-vector metadata, and side-channel benchmark routes arrive through separate channels, and many are missing, delayed, poisoned, or visible only after the decision time. We introduce conductance-repair evidence graphs, a timestamped framework in whic
The New Shape of Search: How Conversational AI Recomposes Information Seeking
arXiv:2607.04282v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Classic models cast information seeking as iterative foraging: formulate a keyword query, scan results, reformulate, gather across sources, synthesize. We ask what happens when a conversational assistant is inserted into that episode. Linking real conversations with major assistants to the same users' searches and browsing in an opt-in cross-surface panel, and reconstructing the full episode rather than a single query, we find conversational AI
Progressive Disclosure for LLM-Maintained Wiki Knowledge Bases: a Preregistered Ablation
arXiv:2607.04576v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents increasingly answer questions against knowledge bases they help maintain. A common intuition holds that progressive disclosure, a compact catalog plus a one-line summary per page so the agent loads only what it needs, should make this cheaper than consulting a large monolithic index. We test that on a real 709-page markdown wiki maintained by an LLM. We retrofit it for progressive disclosure and run a preregistered ablation in which f
MTEB-PT: A Text Embedding Benchmark for Brazilian Portuguese
arXiv:2607.04581v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text embeddings for Portuguese have no dedicated benchmark: evaluation rests on translated corpora such as English MS MARCO or on thin multilingual coverage, with native tasks scattered and unconsolidated. We introduce MTEB-PT, a benchmark of 22 native Brazilian-Portuguese tasks across seven categories (classification, multilabel classification, pair classification, semantic textual similarity, clustering, retrieval, and reranking), admitting on
On the Complexity of Entrywise Power Matrix Factorization
arXiv:2607.04875v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Given a nonnegative matrix $X$, a factorization rank $r$ and a real parameter $p$, entrywise power matrix factorization (EPMF) looks for a low-rank matrix $X_r$ such that $X = |X_r|^{\circ p}$ (exact case) or $X \approx |X_r|^{\circ p}$ (approximate case), where $(\cdot)^{\circ p}$ denotes the component-wise exponent. EPMF includes the modulus model ($p=1$) and component-wise square factorization ($p=2$) as special cases, the latter being closel
Curated retrieval versus open web search in public AI information services: a coverage-trust trade-off
arXiv:2607.05217v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Public institutions increasingly use large language models (LLMs) to answer citizens' questions, often pairing a curated knowledge base with live web search, yet whether the sources behind these answers can be trusted has received little empirical scrutiny. We report a pre-launch expert evaluation of Evr\'opuvefur, an independent, government-funded service run by the University of Iceland that answers questions about the European Union, conducte
CanniUplift: A Holistic Framework for Mitigating Seller and Incentive Cannibalization in E-commerce Uplift Modeling
arXiv:2607.05242v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personalized incentive allocation is vital for e-commerce, where uplift modeling is the standard for estimating Individual Treatment Effects (ITE). However, traditional models often fail in complex multi-seller environments with violations of the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA). We identify two critical challenges: Seller-level Cannibalization, where incentives shift expenditure between shops without growing the platform, and Ince
Restricted Bernoulli Matrix Factorization: Balancing the trade-off between prediction accuracy and coverage in classification based collaborative filtering
arXiv:2210.10619v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reliability measures associated with the prediction of the machine learning models are critical to strengthening user confidence in artificial intelligence. Therefore, those models that provide not only predictions, but also reliability, enjoy greater popularity. In the field of recommender systems, reliability is crucial, since users tend to prefer those recommendations that are sure to interest them, that is, high predictions with high relia
SimDiffRec: Semantic Similarity-Guided Diffusion for Contrastive Sequential Recommendation
arXiv:2507.11866v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In sequential recommendation systems, data augmentation and contrastive learning techniques have recently been introduced using diffusion models to achieve robust representation learning. However, most of the existing approaches use random augmentation, which risks damaging the contextual information of the original sequence. Accordingly, we propose SimDiffRec: a Semantic Similarity-Guided Diffusion for Contrastive Sequential Recommendation. O
EGRA:Toward Enhanced Behavior Graphs and Representation Alignment for Multimodal Recommendation
arXiv:2508.16170v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: MultiModal Recommendation (MMR) systems have emerged as a promising solution for improving recommendation quality by leveraging rich item-side modality information, prompting a surge of diverse methods. Despite these advances, existing methods still face two critical limitations. First, they use raw modality features to construct item-item links for enriching the behavior graph, while giving limited attention to balancing collaborative and mod
TaoSR-AGRL: Adaptive Guided Reinforcement Learning Framework for E-commerce Search Relevance
arXiv:2510.08048v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Query-product relevance prediction is fundamental to e-commerce search and has become even more critical in the era of AI-powered shopping, where semantic understanding and complex reasoning directly shape the user experience and business conversion. Large Language Models (LLMs) enable generative, reasoning-based approaches, typically aligned via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or preference optimization methods like Direct Preference Optimizatio
MICE: Minimal Interaction Cross-Encoders for efficient Re-ranking
arXiv:2602.16299v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cross-encoders deliver state-of-the-art ranking effectiveness in information retrieval, but have a high inference cost. This prevents them from being used as first-stage rankers, but also incurs a cost when re-ranking documents. Prior work has addressed this bottleneck from two largely separate directions: accelerating cross-encoder inference by sparsifying the attention process or improving first-stage retrieval effectiveness using more compl
Generative Pseudo-Labeling for Pre-Ranking with LLMs
arXiv:2602.20995v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Pre-ranking is a critical stage in industrial recommendation systems, tasked with efficiently scoring thousands of recalled items for downstream ranking. A key challenge is the train-serving discrepancy: pre-ranking models are trained only on exposed interactions, yet must score all recalled candidates -- including unexposed items -- during online serving. This mismatch not only induces severe sample selection bias but also degrades generaliza
Beyond Text: Aligning Vision and Language for Multimodal E-Commerce Retrieval
arXiv:2603.04836v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern e-commerce search is inherently multimodal: customers make purchase decisions by jointly considering product text and visual informations. However, most industrial retrieval and ranking systems primarily rely on textual information, underutilizing the rich visual signals available in product images. In this work, we study unified text-image fusion for two-tower retrieval models in the e-commerce domain. We demonstrate that domain-specif
MCLMR: A Model-Agnostic Causal Learning Framework for Multi-Behavior Recommendation
arXiv:2603.25126v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-Behavior Recommendation (MBR) leverages multiple user interaction types (e.g., views, clicks, purchases) to enrich preference modeling and alleviate data sparsity issues in traditional single-behavior approaches. However, existing MBR methods face fundamental challenges: they lack principled frameworks to model complex confounding effects from user behavioral habits and item multi-behavior distributions, struggle with effective aggregati
EmpiriGraph-Psy: A Dataset and LLM Pipeline for Extracting Empirical Relation Graphs from Psychology Abstracts
arXiv:2606.08362v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing scientific relation extraction benchmarks mainly target domains such as computer science, where entities are tasks, methods, datasets, materials, or metrics. This leaves a gap in variable-oriented empirical fields such as psychology, where findings are expressed as relations among constructs, measurements, interventions, and outcomes. We introduce variable-centered empirical graph extraction, the task of mapping scientific abstracts t
ELVA: Exploring Ranking-Driven Universal Multimodal Retrieval
arXiv:2606.20280v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) via contrastive learning has become a mainstream paradigm for improving the performance of Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR). However, previous works have ignored the grain blindness when adapting the contrastive paradigm into retrieval tasks. Grain blindness refers to the tendency of the model to overlook grain-level information contained in the query, which is crucial for effectively han
Locally Private Online Quantile Regression: Estimation and Inference
arXiv:2607.05312v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study estimation and inference for online quantile regression under a one-report user-level $\eps$-locally differentially private ($\eps$-LDP) protocol. The main difficulty is that the standard quantile-regression estimating-equation contribution couples covariates with a residual comparison, so a server that receives only privatized reports cannot form the usual online update. We address this by developing a finite-alphabet channel in which ea
Fitted Occupancy-Ratio Evaluation without Bellman Completeness
arXiv:2607.05375v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Occupancy ratios correct distribution shift in offline reinforcement learning and are central to off-policy evaluation. Existing primal-dual and minimax methods typically estimate these ratios by enforcing occupancy-balance moments over a critic class. We propose fitted occupancy-ratio evaluation (FORE), a fitted fixed-point method that characterizes the discounted occupancy ratio through an adjoint Bellman recursion. At each iteration, FORE solve
Physics-Informed Domain-Invariant Feature Learning with Autoencoder-Driven Gaussian Clustering for Robust Non-line-of-Sight Scenarios
arXiv:2607.02537v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Jamming and spoofing pose significant threats to wireless and satellite navigation by disrupting radio-frequency (RF) signals and compromising availability and integrity. Robust RF interference direction finding through angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation is therefore essential for detecting and localizing anomalous signals. Although data-driven methods perform well under line-of-sight (LoS) conditions, their performance degrades in practical envi
Dynamic Regret for Non-Stationary Linear Bandits via Misspecification Reductions
arXiv:2607.02891v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many online decision-making problems involve both round-specific feasible actions and drifting reward models: eligible ad impressions, feasible prices, and available treatments can change over time, while user preferences, demand curves, and patient responses may evolve. Motivated by these applications, we study non-stationary linear bandits with round-specific feasible decision sets. Existing methods that obtain the optimal \(\widetilde O(T^{2/
Open Problem: Is Interaction Necessary for Order-Optimal 1-bit Mean Estimation?
arXiv:2607.02896v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We ask whether interaction is necessary for order-optimal 1-bit mean estimation over nonparametric finite-moment classes. Adaptive threshold-query protocols achieve the order-optimal 1-bit minimax rate, and the same rate is attainable with general 1-bit queries using only one adaptive transition (i.e., two stages of querying). In the non-adaptive setting, threshold and interval queries are known to be highly suboptimal, but the case of arbitrary
Transfer Learning in High-dimensional Ising Models
arXiv:2607.03005v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In high-dimensional Ising model estimation, target sample sizes are often limited, and effectively using auxiliary binary datasets of unknown relevance remains challenging. To address this, we propose Trans-Ising, a transfer learning method that combines a loss-based source screening rule with a two-stage estimation procedure. The method first identifies informative auxiliary sources using held-out target pseudolikelihood to prevent negative tra
Dimension Reduction for Curves: Simplified and Generalized
arXiv:2607.03112v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We revisit random projections for reducing the dimension of high-dimensional polygonal curves. Drawing from the toolbox of randomized linear algebra, we give a considerably simplified proof of the known $O(\varepsilon^{-2}\log(nm))$ bound on the target dimension of a random projection that preserves the continuous Fr\'echet distance of polygonal curves up to a factor $(1\pm\varepsilon)$. Our proof is based on the concept of sparse oblivious subs
CuBAS: Information Geometric Curvature-Based Adaptive Sampling for Supervised Classification
arXiv:2607.03145v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The informativeness of a training set is as consequential as its size, yet most sampling strategies remain agnostic to the intrinsic geometry of the data distribution. We introduce CuBAS (Curvature-Based Adaptive Sampling), an information-geometric framework for adaptive data selection in supervised classification, grounded in the q-state Potts Markov random field (MRF) model. The central insight is that a labeled dataset can be viewed as a stat
OpFlow: Learning Opportunity-Conditioned Choice Potentials for Robust OD Flow Prediction
arXiv:2607.03200v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Origin-destination (OD) flow prediction is central to urban analytics, yet deep models trained on raw counts remain vulnerable to distribution shift. The core problem is that raw count supervision cannot distinguish transferable choice mechanisms from environment-specific shortcuts. Raw OD count mixes two objects: how much demand an origin produces and how that demand is allocated across destinations. We argue that the transferable object is the
Fast SDP certification of neural networks : towards large multi-class datasets
arXiv:2607.03232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a new quadratic model for the certification problem in adversarial robustness, which simultaneously accounts for all possible target classes. Building on this model, we propose a novel semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation for incomplete verification. A key advantage of our approach is that it certifies robustness in a single optimization, avoiding the need for a separate resolution per class. This yields a significant computation
Outcome-adapted Automatic Debiased Machine Learning
arXiv:2607.03351v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Parameters of interest in causal inference, such as treatment or policy effects, can often be expressed as linear functionals of an outcome regression function. Automatic debiased machine learning (AutoDML) is a unified framework for obtaining asymptotically normal estimators of such parameters, which requires estimation of both a regression function and a Riesz representer. Existing AutoDML neural network architectures, such as RieszNet and MAD
Minimax Estimation of Kernel Stein Discrepancy: Trace versus Hilbert-Schmidt Scales
arXiv:2607.03367v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Kernel Stein Discrepancy (KSD) compares a sample to a fixed target distribution known only through its score, and is widely used for goodness-of-fit testing, sample quality assessment, and approximate inference. We study the estimation of $\operatorname{KSD}(P_0,P)$ from $n$ independent observations and identify the sharp spectral constant governing the minimax risk: it is the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the Stein covariance operator $C_\star$, givi
Tightening Control in Neyman--Pearson Linear Classification
arXiv:2607.03590v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neyman--Pearson classification prioritizes one class by constraining its accuracy above a prespecified level, and then takes the accuracy of the other class as the utility objective. This paradigm is well suited for disease screening and diagnosis, among other applications. Statistical learning under this framework is complicated since classifier performance determines its acceptability. Furthermore, no learned classifier that is consistent for
Empirical Bayes for correlated Gaussian sequence model
arXiv:2607.03596v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Empirical Bayes methods are among the most widely used statistical methods for large-scale inference. A central paradigm is the NPMLE, whose theoretical guarantees are by now well understood for the independent Gaussian sequence model. In this paper, we study empirical Bayes estimation from dependent observations in the Gaussian sequence model. We show that the maximum Composite Marginal Likelihood (CML) estimator, which ignores all correlatio
Reflected Schr\"odinger Bridge Matching
arXiv:2607.03626v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in generative modeling have enabled the efficient computation of Schr\"odinger bridges (SB) in high-dimensional settings by leveraging partially simulation-free training methods inspired by flow matching. However, these have not covered SBs with reflecting dynamics, a useful model choice with built-in guarantees that generated samples stay in the data domain. Existing alternatives for reflected SBs instead rely on more complex tr
A Structural Interpretation of GELU and Threshold-Transmission Activations via the First-Order Loss Function
arXiv:2607.03664v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Gaussian Error Linear Unit is usually motivated as the expected output of an input-dependent stochastic Bernoulli gate. This work gives a complementary interpretation based on the Gaussian complementary first-order loss function: GELU is the signal-transmission term of the expected surplus of a hard linear gate with a Gaussian random threshold. This view separates loss accounting from forward signal transmission and generalises to a threshol
Stable Global Weighting of Flow Mixtures using Simplex Exponential Moving Average
arXiv:2607.03809v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Normalising flows provide a powerful variational family for approximate inference, yet individual architectures often fail to generalise across heterogeneous posterior geometries. We revisit mixture-based flow formulations and introduce \emph{AMF\mbox{-}VI\mbox{-}sEMA}, a two-stage framework featuring a \emph{stable global weighting} mechanism based on a \emph{Simplex Exponential Moving Average} (sEMA) update. In Stage~1, a heterogeneous set of
Targeted Highly Adaptive Lasso Minimum Loss Estimation of Target Functions
arXiv:2607.03824v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose a Targeted Highly Adaptive Lasso for estimation of non-pathwise differentiable functional parameters such as the dose-response curve (DRC) for continuous exposure. We assume the target function lies in the $k$-th order smoothness class used to define the $k$-th order Highly Adaptive Lasso (HAL), which can be well approximated by linear spans of $k$-th order spline basis functions. We construct a projection of the true target function
A Gradient Flow Perspective on Minimum MMD Estimation
arXiv:2607.03871v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Minimum maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) estimation has emerged as a robust and likelihood-free alternative to maximum likelihood estimation for parameter estimation. Yet, despite its practical success, the associated optimization problem remains poorly understood, with theoretical guarantees for existing algorithms hinging on convexity assumptions that rarely hold in practice. We address this gap by proposing a preconditioned gradient descent (PG
Significance-First Splitting: Aligning Treatment Heterogeneity Detection with Honest Estimation
arXiv:2607.03999v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (CATE) requires simultaneously detecting effect modification and quantifying estimation uncertainty. Existing tree-based methods make an uneasy trade-off: significance-based approaches (Radcliffe and Surry 2011) identify subgroup interactions directly but lack valid inference; honest causal trees (Athey and Imbens 2016) deliver nominal confidence interval coverage but use outcome-agnostic splitting cri
Biological Motifs for Agentic Control
arXiv:2607.04240v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The transition of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive generators to autonomous agents has introduced significant challenges in reliability, security, and state management. Current agentic architectures are often constructed ad-hoc, prone to hallucination cascades, infinite loops, and prompt injection attacks. This paper argues that many of these failure modes can be analyzed using control motifs long studied in systems biology, provided the
Progress- and Reliability-Oriented Group Policy Optimization for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2607.04242v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Group-based reinforcement learning (RL) has become an effective paradigm for improving large language model agents on long-horizon interactive tasks. To obtain finer-grained policy updates than trajectory-level optimization, recent work has moved toward step-level group-based RL, where intermediate steps are grouped and compared within a rollout batch. However, step-level advantage estimation is sensitive to how groups are formed: grouping by broa
Shortcut Learning in Legal Judgment Prediction: Empirical Evidence from the UK Employment Tribunal
arXiv:2607.04261v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is constrained by its reliance on post-hoc judicial materials, increasing the likelihood that models perform retrospective classification rather than true forecasting. This paper empirically investigates shortcut learning in this context by studying claim-level outcome prediction in UK Employment Tribunal (UKET) decisions. Using a corpus of 33,158 individual claims, we predict outcomes from claim texts and L
Agentic SABRE: An Uncertainty-Aware Neuro-Symbolic Multi-Agent Framework for Adaptive Ransomware Detection
arXiv:2607.04292v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ransomware has evolved into a complex, adaptive, and fast-moving adversary category in which static signatures and monolithic classifiers fail to generalise under concept drift, evasion, and behavioural polymorphism. In this paper, we present Agentic SABRE (Semantic-Behavioural Arbitration for Ransomware Evaluation), an uncertainty-aware, neuro-symbolic, multi-agent framework for adaptive ransomware detection. SABRE fuses semantic, representation-
Do GUI Agents Believe Their Eyes? Diagnosing State-Belief Reliance on Pixels versus Structure
arXiv:2607.04334v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal GUI agents read an interface through two redundant channels: the rendered pixels of a screenshot and a serialized structure such as a DOM or accessibility tree. Before acting, an agent forms a belief about the current interface state, but existing benchmarks score task success, element grounding, or attack resistance and do not ask whether that belief is drawn from the pixels. We formalize visual state reliance, the attribution of a sta
Server-side Anti-cheat in FPS games for Aimbot detection using Deep learning and Machine learning
arXiv:2607.04336v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern video games are becoming more complex day by day. Most of these modern games are multiplayer first-person shooter (FPS) games. The rising popularity of FPS games emphasizes the need to combat cheating for fair and enjoyable gaming. As the number of players using cheating techniques like aimbots, wallhacks, and speed hacks is also increasing, we need a way to detect players who are using cheating tools to gain an unfair advantage over regula
Nemotron-Labs-3-Puzzle-75B-A9B: Compressing Hybrid MoE LLMs
arXiv:2607.04371v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Nemotron-Labs-3-Puzzle-75B-A9B, a compressed variant of Nemotron-3-Super optimized for interactive deployment. We designed the model to maximize server throughput under high user throughput constraints. In interactive serving workloads on a single 8xB200 node, Puzzle-75B-A9B achieves approximately 2x higher server throughput than Nemotron-3-Super at matched user throughput constraints. In ultra-long-context deployment on a single H100 G
Decentralized Aggregation of LLM Predictions via Wagering Mechanisms
arXiv:2607.04389v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: It is increasingly common to aggregate predictions from multiple LLMs, each with domain expertise or access to private tools and data, to improve collective prediction performance. In decentralized settings, aggregation weights need to be determined without access to models' private information and should remain robust to strategic reporting. We propose a family of advantage-aligned wagering mechanisms for LLM aggregation (WALLA), in which each mo
MechMath Agent Team: LLM Driven Agents for Mathematical Research
arXiv:2607.04394v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI reasoning has become a central focus in contemporary artificial intelligence, largely driven by the success of large language models. However, mathematical research, which is characterized by non-linear derivation paths, rigorous logical requirements, and protracted exploration cycles, poses severe challenges for existing reasoning systems. To overcome these limitations, we present the MechMath Agent Team (MMAT), which is a large language model
LLM-as-a-Tutor: Policy-Aware Prompt Adaptation for Non-Verifiable RL
arXiv:2607.04412v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) for non-verifiable instruction following increasingly relies on LLM judges with prompt-specific rubrics as reward signals. While recent methods adapt these rubrics to the evolving policy during training, the training prompts themselves remain static, drawn from fixed corpora. This static approach often results in a critical misalignment between prompt difficulty and policy capability, leaving the judge unable to recover
Agent Step Value: State-Transition Measurement with State-Grounded LLM Evaluators
arXiv:2607.04419v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most agent evaluations collapse a multi-step trace into a final answer, a success flag, or a trajectory-level score. These aggregates obscure the diagnostic question developers need most: which action changed the state in a useful direction? We introduce Agent Step Value (ASV), a state-transition measurement framework that scores each observed action by the change it induces in a state-grounded evaluator's distribution over fixed candidate outcome
ResearchStudio-Idea: An Evidence-Grounded Research-Ideation Skill Suite from ML Conference Outcomes
arXiv:2607.04439v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models have made research ideation increasingly accessible, yet effective idea development requires more than generating candidate directions. Researchers must ground a problem in current literature, identify meaningful bottlenecks, differentiate from existing solutions, and evaluate risks before committing to implementation. We present ResearchStudio-Idea as a reusable skill suite for this first mile of research ideation. The suite
Why Pure Reasoning is Not Enough: Nature as the Source of Mathematical Innovation
arXiv:2607.04505v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We advance the hypothesis that human mathematical reasoning, constrained by both the undecidability and the computational intractability of even modest logical fragments, relies fundamentally on pattern matching from domains external to pure deduction. The most prolific reservoir of such patterns is the natural world, whose physical laws and biological systems have undergone billions of years of ``pre-computation'' and already exhibit surprisingly
Compressing the Validation Bottleneck: An Agentic Self-Driving Lab for Scientific Discovery
arXiv:2607.04508v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic AI-for-Science can automate ideation, planning, and analysis, but final validation still depends on real experiments. A self-driving lab (SDL) can execute those experiments, yet the loop still has bottlenecks: the agent may spend too many rounds on low-value experiments, or each round may require a high-cost experiment. We target these two physical bottlenecks with one agent. First, a prior-aware agentic DOE loop uses domain knowledge and
VLA Grounder: Language-Conditioning Space Optimization for Black-Box VLA Models
arXiv:2607.04517v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are commonly treated as end-to-end action policies conditioned on natural-language task descriptions. In practice, however, their behavior often depends sharply on how the instruction is phrased, suggesting that language is not merely a task label but an optimizable conditioning input. We study whether frozen VLA policies can be improved by optimizing language space rather than updating action weights. Our metho
Measuring Harness-Induced Belief Divergence in Multi-Step LLM Agents
arXiv:2607.04528v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Software-agent benchmarks usually report whether an agent solves a task, but the agent reaches that outcome through a harness that controls what it sees, which actions it can take, which failures are repaired, which states are verified, and which evidence is logged. We show that this harness can change the agent's multi-step beliefs even when the task, environment, and base LLM are fixed. We introduce a belief-rollout diagnostic that elicits struc
Heaviside Continuity of Rolling Coefficients for Eliminating Epistemic Entropy in Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.04562v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) generate fluent outputs that can be wrong. Unlike humans, who often exhibit cues when providing false information, LLMs produce errors that are difficult to detect because autoregressive decoding provides no mechanism for verifying intermediate reasoning before state progression. We introduce Heaviside Continuity of Rolling Coefficients (HCRC), a verification-first execution framework that reformulates inference as pre
Detecting Answer-Driven Reasoning in LLM-Based Educational Tutors via Truncated Chain-of-Thought Auditing
arXiv:2607.04572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) tutors often produce fluent step-by-step explanations, but a correct and pedagogically formatted response does not guarantee that the answer was derived from the student-facing problem. In realistic tutoring systems, the model may also have access to teacher notes, answer keys, rubrics, or retrieved solution artifacts. We study whether such private answer information can make tutor explanations answer-driven: the final a
Attention Limited Reward Learning
arXiv:2607.04590v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pairwise human comparisons are a primary interface through which modern AI systems learn human preferences. RLHF and related alignment pipelines typically model such comparisons with Bradley--Terry log-odds, where choice probabilities are governed by latent reward differences. This paper examines what this assumption misses through a reduced-form model motivated by rational inattention, in which each label is generated by a low-capacity evaluation
Governed Individuation: Cryptographically Decoupling an Agent's Learning from Its Authority
arXiv:2607.04613v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous agents are moving from sandboxed text generators to operators of code, data, and physical infrastructure, and they increasingly learn while deployed. This reopens a question that alignment techniques answer only probabilistically: after an agent has adapted in the field, is the running system still confined to what its operator authorised? Here we show that confinement can be guaranteed as an invariant of the agent's execution architect
TRACER: Early Failure Detection for Task-Oriented Dialogue
arXiv:2607.03974v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Task-oriented dialogue systems often fail before the final breakdown is obvious, but most evaluation only measures failure after the conversation has already gone wrong. We present TRACER, a method for early failure detection in task-oriented dialogue. TRACER predicts from a partial dialogue whether the full conversation will eventually fail by combining simple trajectory signals from belief-state changes with text representations of the evolving
BanglaMemeEvidence: A Multimodal Benchmark Dataset for Explanatory Evidence Detection in Bengali Memes
arXiv:2607.03981v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Memes have become influential communication tools on social media, combining viral visuals with concise messaging to convey impactful ideas. While substantial research has examined the affective dimensions of memes, key challenges such as detecting harmful content, identifying cyberbullying, and performing accurate sentiment analysis remain critical, largely due to the need for deeper contextual understanding. In this paper, we introduce MemeEvide
Separating Representation from Reconstruction Enables Scalable Text Encoders
arXiv:2607.04011v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While decoders have rapidly scaled, encoders have remained largely unchanged since BERT. We revisit this disparity by frozen backbone evaluation via probing. Under this lens, the representations of BERT encoders become increasingly $\textit{unexploitable}$ by frozen probes, despite improved perplexity. The misalignment originates in BERT's flat design, which couples representation learning to the token reconstruction loss. We propose $\textbf{Cros
CrossHallu: Do Hallucination Signals Generalize Across Languages and Domains in Large Language Model's Internals?
arXiv:2607.04029v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent hallucination detection techniques in large language models (LLMs) focus on directly extracting features from a model's internal representations and training a classifier on these features to detect hallucinations, demonstrating promising results. Notwithstanding this advancement, most internal-state hallucination detection techniques have been explored predominantly in English, raising the question of whether such internal signals generali
Telescope: Improving Zero Shot Detection of LLM Generated Content By Measuring Token Repetition Probability
arXiv:2607.04061v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Distinguishing Large Language Model (LLM) generated text from human writing is a critical and difficult challenge. While LLMs are trained to write like humans, we hypothesize that this training leaves an indelible mark. LLMs develop a particularly strong aversion to token repetition very early in training. This bias persists as a ''Vestigial Heuristic'' (a developmental artifact) that is activated in LLM-generated text, separating LLM from human w
Speaker-Disentangled Chunk-Wise Regression for Syllabic Tokenization
arXiv:2607.04064v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unsupervised syllabic tokenization aims to learn discrete syllabic tokens that capture latent linguistic content-related structure from raw speech. Recent syllabic tokenization methods employ teacher-student distillation of the pretrained HuBERT to organize latent speech frame representations into syllabic segments. However, when trained with an utterance-level cross-entropy objective, the model predicts speaker identity rather than linguistic con
Beyond Multilingual Averages: MTEB-PT, a Benchmark for Portuguese Sentence Encoders
arXiv:2607.04071v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Portuguese remains underrepresented in text embedding evaluation, despite being one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. As a result, embedding models are often selected based on English or multilingual metrics, while their effectiveness in Portuguese remains unclear. We present MTEB-PT, a Portuguese benchmark constructed from a subset of MMTEB, comprising 14 existing datasets across Semantic Textual Similarity (STS), classification,
Semantic Integration and Lexical Expectation Shape N400 and P600 Dynamics During Naturalistic Reading
arXiv:2607.04107v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Word surprisal is a well-established computational predictor of human neural responses during language comprehension, but it remains less clear whether local semantic fit explains neural response variation beyond lexical expectation during naturalistic reading. Using the Dublin EEG-based Reading Experiment Corpus (DERCo), this study examined whether contextual semantic relevance predicts word-locked EEG activity in the N400 and P600 windows. Conte
Detecting Hallucinations in Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Grounding-Aware Sensitivity by Perturbation (GASP)
arXiv:2607.04223v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) reduces but does not eliminate hallucination, and existing detectors return a single answer-level score that does not indicate which sentence is unsupported, or why. To close this gap, we introduce Grounding-Aware Sensitivity by Perturbation (GASP), a span-level detector that scores each answer sentence by how strongly its likelihood depends on the retrieved evidence, a quantity we term grounding sensitivity. G
Spinning Straw into Gold: Relabeling LLM Agent Trajectories in Hindsight for Successful Demonstrations
arXiv:2607.04235v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents operate in partially observable, long-horizon settings where obtaining supervision remains a major bottleneck. We address this by utilizing a source of supervision overlooked in existing post-training methods: unintended yet successful goals embedded within agent rollouts. Specifically, we introduce Hindsight Supervised Learning (HSL), where an auxiliary LLM reviews each completed trajectory and relabels it with all of
Risk-Constrained Freshness-Aware Semantic Caching for Open-Web Retrieval-Augmented LLMs
arXiv:2607.04281v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Semantic caching reduces the latency and cost of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) by serving cached answers to semantically similar queries, but most existing methods do not model the time-varying freshness of open-web evidence. We present FreshCache, a three-tier semantic cache that treats cache reuse as a risk-constrained temporal inference problem: before approving a cache hit, FreshCache estimates the probability that the cached result is
Legible-by-Construction: Attention and End-to-End Transformers
arXiv:2607.04319v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A companion paper showed that a transformer's feed-forward layer can be rebuilt from explicit fuzzy set operations - intersection, set-difference, and a self-forgetting sequence quantifier - so its hidden units read as named logical operators at no cost to language-model quality. That left the other half of the transformer opaque. Here we carry the same idea into attention and join the two into one model. The mechanism is minimal: a head's value i
WPG-MoE: Weak-Prior-Guided Dense Mixture-of-Experts for User-Level Social Media Depression Detection
arXiv:2607.04350v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Online social media posts provide scalable signals for early depression screening, and recent studies mainly improve pre-classification evidence through risk-post selection, symptom grounding, and clinically informed feature construction. However, these screening-stage designs often leave final decisions to a single detector, overlooking how users heterogeneously express depressive risk after screening. A monolithic classifier must average across
Memory-Orchestrated Semantic System (MOSS): An Auditable Agentic Memory Architecture
arXiv:2607.04391v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term memory remains a structural weakness of AI agents. The dominant approach, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), relies on embedding-based similarity search, which is opaque by construction, difficult to audit, and bounded by the theoretical limits of vector representations. We present the Memory-Orchestrated Semantic System (MOSS), an agentic memory architecture in which the agent drives retrieval over a structured relational database. M
AI Wizards at EXIST 2026: Hierarchical Soft-Label Learning for Multimodal Sexism Identification in Memes
arXiv:2607.04410v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present the AI Wizards submission to EXIST 2026 for multimodal sexism identification in memes. The task is composed of three, increasingly harder subtasks. We model them hierarchically as conditional soft-label prediction over empirical annotator distributions. Our system maps fixed Gemini Embedding 2 vision-language representations through a lightweight Gated MLP trained with KL divergence and homoscedastic uncertainty weighting. Our submissio
UI-MOPD: Multi-Platform On-Policy Distillation for Continual GUI Agent Learning
arXiv:2607.04425v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in multimodal foundation models and agent systems have driven GUI agents from single-platform task execution toward cross-platform interaction. However, building multi-platform GUI agents remains challenging. On one hand, high-quality and executable cross-platform interaction trajectories are still scarce, and existing data often suffer from limited platform coverage. On the other hand, different platforms exhibit distinct interact
dOPSD: On-Policy Self-Distillation for Diffusion Language Models
arXiv:2607.04428v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising a masked sequence, offering a parallel alternative to autoregressive models, but eliciting strong reasoning through post-training remains difficult: supervised fine-tuning is off-policy and suffers from exposure bias, while reinforcement learning gives only sparse, sequence-level rewards and is hard to apply without tractable sequence likelihoods. On-policy self-distill
evalci: A Python Library for Statistically Rigorous Comparison of Language Model Evaluations
arXiv:2607.04429v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The dominant practice in language model evaluation is to report a single accuracy number per model and declare the higher one better, without testing whether the gap could plausibly be sampling noise. On benchmarks of a few thousand items, and under temperature sampling where a model can differ from itself run to run by more than the reported gap between models, this practice routinely overstates confidence in headline claims. The statistical mach
Don't Commit Alone: Joint Token Commitment in Diffusion Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.04469v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) commit multiple tokens per denoising step by decoding each selected position independently from the shared context; when those positions are dependent, the resulting factorization error is captured by conditional total correlation, which confidence-based selection cannot observe from marginals alone. We propose CoCommit, a marker-gated coordination pass that briefly defers commitment: after the usual bundle
Transplanting, inverting, and preventing a misalignment persona: method-conditional emergent misalignment in Qwen2.5
arXiv:2607.04510v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Emergent misalignment (EM) -- the broad misbehaviour a language model acquires after fine-tuning on narrow harmful data -- is mediated in Qwen2.5 models by a latent persona direction, and that direction is causal in open weights. Transplanting it into a model that shares only pretraining with its source induces broad EM (2.83 +/- 0.26% misaligned against a random-direction floor of ~1.1%), and ablating a model's own direction roughly halves an ove
VLRC: Vision-Language Reprojection Consistency as a scalable signal for better feed-forward 3D pretraining
arXiv:2607.02707v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Feed-forward 3D models are commonly trained using either expensive geometric supervision or self-supervised photometric objectives, both of which provide incomplete learning signals. We introduce Vision-Language Reprojection Consistency (VLRC), a scalable auxiliary objective that exploits frozen vision-language representations as semantic multi-view supervision. Given a predicted 3D reconstruction, VLRC reprojects dense vision-language features ac
When Does Resolution Help a Frozen Backbone? Global Attention at Resolution Predicts Scalable Adaptation for Camouflaged and Marine Animal Segmentation
arXiv:2607.02708v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Adapting frozen vision foundation models to fine-grained segmentation now largely depends on backbone selection. Whether the backbone applies global attention to a high-resolution token set predicts whether a low-rank adapter turns resolution into accuracy. Isotropic ViTs attend globally over the full grid and keep improving with resolution; hierarchical backbones confine early attention to local windows and pool the grid before their global stage
RayTun3R: Online Camera Adaptation in 3D Foundation Models
arXiv:2607.02711v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent 3D foundation models, such as DUSt3R, MASt3R, VGGT, $\pi^3$, and Depth Anything 3, provide strong feed-forward depth and pose estimates on pinhole imagery, but degrade sharply under fisheye camera geometry. We show that this failure is partly caused by a pinhole camera bias in the positional encodings of pretrained 3D foundation models, and propose RayTun3R, a lightweight camera adaptation approach. It keeps the pretrained network fixed and
Global Pose Control for Generative View Synthesis in Normalized Object Coordinate Space
arXiv:2607.02712v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Novel View Synthesis (NVS) enables the generation of unseen views of a scene from a single or multiple images, allowing users to freely explore an object from any viewpoint. Despite the recent impressive qualitative improvements of generative models for this task, existing methods struggle to provide global and intuitive control of target viewpoints because they either use input-relative camera poses or are limited to generating sparse global view
Diagnosing Aerial-View Object Detectors with Foundational Image Generative Models
arXiv:2607.02718v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in large-scale image generative models enable photorealistic scene synthesis with controllable attributes. Beyond data augmentation, their potential as diagnostic tools for trained vision systems remains unexplored in the aerial and remote sensing domains. We introduce a synthetic diagnostic framework for aerial-view vehicle detection that combines text-guided generation, attribute-controlled editing, and automated attribute verifi
GRCD: Grounded Region Change Detection for Multi-Finding Chest X-Ray Pairs
arXiv:2607.02719v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Radiologists routinely compare current and prior chest X-rays to track disease progression, producing follow-up reports that describe multiple findings, each localised to an anatomical region and annotated with a temporal change status. Existing automated methods either generate reports from a single image without modelling temporal context, or incorporate temporal information but do not ground their outputs spatially. The few approaches that comb
Provable Pruning for Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting via Coresets
arXiv:2607.02721v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) enables high-quality real-time novel-view synthesis, but practical scenes often contain millions of Gaussians, making compression essential for deployment on limited hardware. Existing reduction methods are effective but mostly heuristic: they provide no multiplicative approximation guarantee for the rendered objective, and thus rely heavily on costly post-pruning finetuning to recover quality. We ask a basic question:
Signal from Space: Detecting Schools and Towers to Bridge the Digital Divide
arXiv:2607.02724v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable internet access is essential for modern education, yet millions of school-aged children especially in developing regions remain offline due to unconnected schools. The Giga Initiative aims to connect every school to the internet, but doing so at scale requires efficient methods to map schools and assess surrounding connectivity infrastructure without relying on sparse or noisy third-party datasets. In this work, we propose a scalable, vis
Biomechanics-aware Multi-view Markerless Motion Capture of Dexterous Hand Movements
arXiv:2607.02796v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Markerless motion capture (MMC) techniques have been widely beneficial in biomechanical analysis of human movement; however, application to complex motions of the hand lags other musculoskeletal systems. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of a biomechanical reconstruction method that implements a gradient-based optimization approach with a biomechanical model in the loop for tracking dexterous, unconstrained hand moveme
Track the Noise, Move the World:3D-Grounded Motion-Consistent Noise for Controllable Video Generation
arXiv:2607.02798v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern image-and-text-to-video diffusion models can synthesize highly realistic videos by iteratively denoising an initial Gaussian noise tensor conditioned on reference image and text inputs. However, existing approaches still lack precise and unified controllability over both object motion and camera motion within a single generation process. We present UniCaMo, a unified framework that enables simultaneous control of object trajectories and cam
Conversational Human Audio-visual Talking Dialogue Generation
arXiv:2607.02799v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large-scale dyadic interactive audio-visual dialogue (DIAD) datasets provide fundamental data resources for developing humanoid interactive virtual agents and digital humans. However, collecting such data is time-consuming, expensive, and ethically sensitive. To address this, we propose CHAT, a new dyadic interactive audio-visual dialogue generation (DIADG) framework that generates diverse, paired, and mutually responsive speech-face dialogue clip
Prior Bias in Vision Language Models on UML Diagram Interpretation
arXiv:2607.02853v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly applied to software engineering artifacts, especially UML class diagrams whose meaning depends on visual notation. Yet, it is unclear whether VLMs actually read such diagrams or instead answer from pretrained priors about how classes typically relate. We introduce a controlled UML benchmark in which each prior-conforming diagram is paired with its prior-conflicting counterpart that (1) preserves the s
Cancelable Biometric Template Protection Based on Multi-Instance Fusion: A Contralateral Iris Approach
arXiv:2607.02860v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Biometric templates are vulnerable to theft if stored without protection. Unlike passwords, a compromised iris cannot be reissued. Although existing cancelable biometric schemes address this problem, most still require an external key or token, introducing an additional attack surface. This paper proposes a cancelable contralateral iris template protection scheme that eliminates the need for a separate token or stored secret, satisfying the three
E-TraMamba: A New Paradigm for Efficient Long-Term 3D Feature Tracking with Event Cameras
arXiv:2607.02866v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Event-based 3D tracking enables low-latency and high-speed perception, while existing CNN- and Transformer-based trackers struggle to capture long-range spatiotemporal dependencies in sparse, noisy event streams, especially under real-time and efficiency constraints. To address these challenges, we present E-TraMamba, the first Mamba-based framework for 3D feature tracking on event data. This new framework adopts a linear state-space model for eff
SPLIT: Training-Free AI-Generated and Partially Edited Video Detection via Spatial Patch-Level Incoherence and Temporal Roughness
arXiv:2607.02886v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deploying AI-generated video detectors in real-world services demands an ultra-low false positive rate (FPR) on real videos to avoid falsely rejecting authentic content, a regime where standard metrics such as AUROC fail to reflect actual operating behavior. We introduce Spatial Patch-Level Incoherence and Temporal Roughness (SPLIT), a training-free detector that operates on patch tokens from a frozen vision encoder to detect both fully generated
ProLaViT: Learning Progressive Latent Visual Thoughts in Structured Latent Space
arXiv:2607.02907v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress but still struggle with complex visual reasoning tasks requiring multi-step perception and logical deduction. While explicit visual generation incurs prohibitive computational costs, existing latent approaches often rely on external experts or lack rigorous cognitive logic. In this paper, we introduce ProLaViT (Progressive Latent Visual Thought), a framework empowering MLLM
Holo-Captioning: Toward the Text Equivalent of 3D Scenes
arXiv:2607.02908v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This work introduces holo-captioning, a novel task that strives to seek the text equivalent of 3D scenes. As the initial step, we formulate holo-captioning as generating a structured textual description that comprehensively depicts all entities within a 3D scene -- including their semantic tags, spatial locations, attributes, and inter-entity relations. To tackle this challenging task, we first develop an effective captioning engine to produce det
Learning Taxonomic Trees with Hierarchical Representation Regularization for Large Multimodal Models
arXiv:2607.02909v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Taxonomies provide key information about the semantic relationships between concepts and the inherent organization of vision and language. Despite their impressive capabilities, large multimodal models (LMMs) often lack taxonomic knowledge, leading to low hierarchical visual recognition (HVR) consistency. These models typically only rely on language modeling objectives during fine-tuning and lack explicit taxonomy-aware regularization. To address
See the Emotion: A Facial Emoji Proxy Modeling for EEG Emotion Recognition
arXiv:2607.02912v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite the high accuracy of EEG-based emotion recognition, existing models remain opaque "black boxes", lacking semantic grounding between abstract neural features and human-interpretable states. In this paper, we reframe EEG explainability as a cross-modal generation task, shifting the paradigm from feature attribution to behavioral visualization. We introduce Facial Emoji Proxy Modeling, a novel framework that translates high-dimensional EEG si
R3D: Quantitative 3D Spatial Reasoning for Egocentric Wearables
arXiv:2607.02921v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantitative 3D spatial reasoning from egocentric RGB-D video is a critical capability for next-generation wearable assistants. Yet existing benchmarks do not reflect the challenges of handling (1) natural egocentric video, (2) posed RGB-D video inputs, and (3) challenging quantitative 3D spatial reasoning Q&A. To fill this gap, we introduce R3D-Bench (Reasoning in 3D), a benchmark of 3,033 quantitative spatial reasoning questions across 15 types
Real-Time Hard Negative Sampling via LLM-based Clustering for Large-Scale Two-Tower Retrieval
arXiv:2607.00448v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The two-tower model has been widely used for large-scale recommendation systems, particularly in the retrieval stage. Industry standards for training two-tower models typically involve in-batch and/or out-of-batch negative sampling. However, these methods often produce easy negatives that models can quickly learn, failing to sufficiently challenge the model. To address this issue, a novel self-supervised hard negative sampling technique is pro
Trie-based Experiment Plans for Efficient IR Pipeline Experiments
arXiv:2607.01162v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Search engines are often formulated as cascading pipelines, where successive stages combine the results of different retrievers, and iteratively refine the ranking of candidate documents to obtain a final ranking, which can be presented to a user, or provided as context to an LLM. Such pipelines can be complex to evaluate in an end-to-end manner, necessitating measurement of Recall of early stages, and Precision of later stages, which are ofte
Diffusion-GR2: Diffusion Generative Reasoning Re-ranker
arXiv:2607.01170v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generative reasoning re-rankers achieve strong recommendation accuracy by emitting a chain-of-thought before re-ordering a candidate list, but they are slow at inference: an autoregressive (AR) decoder spends one sequential forward pass per reasoning token, and the reasoning trace far exceeds the ranking it produces. To reduce this cost, block-diffusion language models decode many positions in parallel over a few denoising steps and are substa
DrugAgent: Reliable Multi-Agent Integration of Conflicting Biomedical Evidence for Drug-Target Interaction Assessment
arXiv:2408.13378v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Workflows in drug-target interaction (DTI) assessment require integrating heterogeneous data from predictive models, curated resources, and observations from experimental literature. This evidence can be incomplete or conflicting. DrugAgent is a large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent system focused on DTI evidence integration that integrates outputs from machine learning, knowledge graph, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) ag
Knowing When Not to Answer: Lightweight KB-Aligned OOD Detection for Safe RAG
arXiv:2508.02296v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, where safety depends not only on how a system answers, but also on whether a query should be answered given a knowledge base (KB). Out-of-domain (OOD) queries can cause dense retrieval to surface weakly related context and lead the generator to produce fluent but unjustified responses. We study lightweight, KB-aligned OOD detection as an always
Hyper-KGGen: A Skill-Driven Knowledge Extractor for High-Quality Knowledge Hypergraph Generation
arXiv:2602.19543v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Knowledge hypergraphs surpass traditional binary knowledge graphs by encapsulating complex n-ary atomic facts, providing a more comprehensive paradigm for semantic representation. However, constructing high-quality hypergraphs remains challenging due to the scenario gap: generic extractors struggle to generalize across diverse domains with specific jargon, while existing methods often fail to balance structural skeletons with fine-graine
Enhancing Automatic Chord Recognition via Pseudo-Labeling and Knowledge Distillation
arXiv:2602.19778v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automatic Chord Recognition (ACR) is constrained by the scarcity of aligned chord annotations, which are costly to acquire. At the same time, open-weight pre-trained models are more accessible than their proprietary training data. In this work, we present a two-stage training pipeline that leverages pre-trained models together with unlabeled audio. The proposed method decouples training into two stages. In the first stage, we use the pre
Kwai Summary Attention Technical Report
arXiv:2604.24432v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-context ability, has become one of the most important iteration direction of next-generation Large Language Models, particularly in semantic understanding/reasoning, code agentic intelligence and recommendation system. However, the standard softmax attention exhibits quadratic time complexity with respect to sequence length. As the sequence length increases, this incurs substantial overhead in long-context settings, leading the trai
Empirical Study of Pop and Jazz Mix Ratios for Genre-Adaptive Chord Generation
arXiv:2605.04998v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This revision updates a pop-to-jazz chord-generation rehearsal study. Best-epoch metrics still show that modest pop rehearsal preserves pop accuracy while improving jazz prediction, but v2 corrects released-checkpoint selection: the released F1 equals Phase 0, F2 had a transcription error, and ft-pop80-v2 restores a hash-distinct jazz-adapted F1 across 3 seeds.
Creating Group Rules with AI: Human-AI Collaboration in WhatsApp Moderation
arXiv:2605.12613v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: WhatsApp is one of the most widely used messaging platforms globally, with billions of users sharing information in private groups. Yet, it offers little infrastructure to support moderation and group governance. In the absence of platform-level oversight, group admins bear the responsibility of governing group behavior. In this paper, we explore how WhatsApp group admins collaborate with AI tools to create, enforce, and maintain group r
Hybrid privacy-aware semantic search: SVD-truncated document geometry and CKKS-encrypted query reranking under a restricted threat model
arXiv:2606.26373v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Dense embeddings power semantic search and Retrieval-Augmented Generation, yet a leaked vector database leaks the text behind it, since embeddings invert with high fidelity. The textbook defences are extreme--homomorphic search is sound but far too slow at million-document scale, while privacy noise degrades ranking before it protects. We study a middle path built on an asymmetry: each static document vector is SVD-truncated and then rot
mamabench and mamaretrieval: Benchmarks for Evaluating Medical Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Maternal, Neonatal, and Reproductive Health
arXiv:2606.29467v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Medical question-answering benchmarks rarely cover the maternal, neonatal, child, and reproductive-health questions a nurse-midwife asks, and, to our knowledge, no public chunk-level relevance benchmark exists for maternal-health guideline retrieval. We release two benchmarks that fill these gaps. mamabench is a scope-filtered QA set of 25,949 items assembled from seven existing expert-authored sources across multiple-choice, short-answe
Multi-Turn Agentic Scientific Literature Search via Workflow Induction
arXiv:2607.00597v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Scientific literature search often requires more than retrieving papers from a single query: users' intents are underspecified, preference-dependent, and evolve through interaction. Existing search agents typically rely on fixed pipelines or implicit language-only reasoning, making their search strategies difficult to control, inspect, and refine. We introduce PaperPilot, a multi-turn literature search agent that frames scientific search
HNSW with Accuracy Guarantees Using Graph Spanners
arXiv:2607.02338v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) graphs serve as the industry standard due to their logarithmic complexity and strong empirical performance. However, HNSW relies on greedy graph traversal, a heuristic that provides no theoretical guarantees of correctness. In this paper, we propose a novel "Certify-then-Rectify" framework that bridges the gap between the speed of heuristic search and the rigor of exact retrieval. Rather than dis
SiamJEPA: On the Role of Siamese Student Encoders in JEPA
arXiv:2607.04044v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recently, Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) have attracted significant attention in the computer vision and machine learning communities as a promising framework for self-supervised representation learning. Unlike masked autoencoders that reconstruct pixels, JEPA models learn representations by predicting latent embeddings of masked regions. Existing JEPA-based methods, such as I-JEPA and V-JEPA, typically employ a single encoder
Deep Learning for Dynamic Programming with Recursive Utility
arXiv:2607.04278v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose the first deep learning algorithm, the Certainty Equivalent Learning (CEL) algorithm, for solving high-dimensional discrete-time dynamic programming problems with recursive utility. Dynamic programming with recursive utility is numerically challenging because the recursive utility does not have an explicit representation and the Bellman equation contains a certainty equivalent that is difficult to evaluate. The CEL algorithm learns th
Knowledge-Informed Local Causal Discovery of Optimal Adjustment Sets
arXiv:2607.04447v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Local causal discovery is a scalable alternative to global structure learning. However, it can struggle to identify valid adjustment sets in data-scarce settings because of finite-sample uncertainty, incomplete local neighborhoods, and unresolved Markov equivalence. Although many application domains provide structured background knowledge, its integration into local causal discovery remains limited. We propose b-LOAD, a knowledge-informed extens
ManifoldFlow: SPD-Relaxed Stiefel Layers with Learnable Singular Spectrum
arXiv:2607.04535v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Orthogonal and Stiefel layers give neural weights exact spectral control, but they also impose a strong modeling constraint: all represented singular values are fixed at one. Many settings that benefit from an orthonormal basis still need direction-dependent attenuation or amplification. We introduce ManifoldFlow, a minimal relaxation of a fixed-spectrum Stiefel layer that keeps the basis on the Stiefel manifold while learning a bounded positive
Score Distributions, Not Cells: Evaluating Single-Cell Perturbations Under Class Overlap
arXiv:2607.04595v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Most classification problems assume the classes are roughly separable, so that an individual sample can usually be assigned to one class. Single-cell perturbation data violates this assumption: two perturbations can produce different populations of cells while overlapping so much that an individual cell could belong to either. Per-cell accuracy then measures this overlap rather than model quality. We see this on Tahoe-100M and the Virtual Cell C
Minimum Block Width for Universal Approximation by Residual Neural Networks with Inner Width One
arXiv:2607.04597v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this paper, we study the universal approximation property of residual neural networks, and obtain some new results. For input and output dimensions $d_x$ and $d_y$, and LeakyReLU, ReLU, ReLU-like activation functions, the upper and lower bounds of the block width are established. To achieve $L^p$ approximation $(1\leq p
Stabilized Higher-Order Influence Functions: Statistical Theory of a Class of Bilinear Forms
arXiv:2607.04743v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Higher-order influence functions, introduced in a series of articles (Robins et al., 2008, 2009a; van der Vaart, 2014; Robins et al., 2016, 2023; Liu et al., 2017), are a unified framework for constructing rate-optimal point estimates of a class of statistical functionals, under various complexity-reducing assumptions on the posited statistical model that generates the observed data. Although higher-order (influence functions) estimators are the
Probably Correct Optimal Stable Matching under Two-Sided Uncertainty
arXiv:2607.04824v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study a sequential learning problem for stable matchings in two-sided markets where preferences on both sides are initially unknown. We focus on a centralized setting where an algorithm matches agents at each time step and receives noisy rewards that reflect the preferences of the matched agents, following a semi-bandit feedback structure. We adopt a pure exploration perspective, aiming to efficiently identify the optimal stable matching with
Active Learning on Adversarially Corrupted Graphs
arXiv:2607.04869v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Motivated by real-world scenarios where malicious entities tamper with existing networks, we define a model where an adversary seeks to hide a set of \emph{corrupted vertices} inside a graph $G^*$. To this end, the adversary can add edges between the corrupted vertices, as well as edges between the corrupted vertices and $G^*$, and its power is then measured by the size of the \emph{neighborhood} of the corrupted vertices in $G^*$. Our goal is t
Identification and Bounding of Central Moments of Causal Effects Using Marginal Moments Information
arXiv:2607.04957v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Evaluating the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome is a central objective in causal inference. While the average causal effect summarizes the mean impact of treatment, the central moments of the individual causal effect (ICE) characterize the shape of the ICE distribution, thereby revealing the extent and structure of treatment effect heterogeneity across individuals. This paper investigates the identification and bounding of the central
Geometry-Aware Bayesian Quantification via Compositional Data Analysis
arXiv:2607.04977v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurately estimating the unknown target label distribution is the critical first step for adapting to label shift. This task, widely known as quantification or class prevalence estimation, has recently seen significant advances through continuous KDE-based methods which model the density of multiclass classifier posteriors. Posterior vectors might be regarded as compositional data, since they lie on the probability simplex. However, existing KD
Functional Bilevel Optimization for Predictive Fairness
arXiv:2607.05098v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When sensitive attributes are continuous and high-dimensional $-$ demographic score vectors, posteriors over attributes, age or income profiles $-$ enforcing full statistical independence is often too restrictive, and existing relaxations rely on indirect dependence penalties or adversarial schemes that do not directly target the fairness-accuracy trade-off. We instead consider mean demographic parity through DPVar, the variance of the condition
The Exact Worst-Case Tail Probability under Bounded Kurtosis
arXiv:2607.05226v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We determine exactly what a kurtosis bound buys for one-sided tail control. For the class $\mathcal{C}(\kappa)$ of real random variables with mean $0$, variance $1$, and fourth moment at most $\kappa$, the skewness left free, we compute the worst-case tail probability $V_1(t,\kappa)=\sup_{X\in\mathcal{C}(\kappa)}\mathbb{P}(X\geq t)$ for every threshold $t>0$ and every $\kappa\geq 1$. The answer is a four-regime map: a Cantelli tongue $b(\kappa)\
Emputation: Identification-Guided Neural Imputation Framework
arXiv:2607.05279v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose Emputation, a deep generative framework for learning imputation models. Emputation targets the extrapolation distribution of missing variables given observed variables, and training is guided by specific missingness assumptions that guarantee identification of the target distribution. The training objective, called the emputation risk, is an energy-score-based risk in which the identification assumption determines how observed entries
TREK: Distill to Explore, Reinforce to Refine
arXiv:2607.05339v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is effective when the current policy already samples useful reasoning trajectories, but it stalls on hard prompts whose correct solution modes lie outside the student's on-policy support. We propose TREK (Teacher-Routed Exploration via Forward KL), a simple staged procedure that uses distillation not for imitation but for exploration support expansion. A key advantage of TREK is its generality: because i
What Does a Discrete Diffusion Model Learn?
arXiv:2607.05381v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: What does a discrete diffusion model learn: a denoiser, a score ratio, or a bridge plug-in predictor? At the level of jump rates, these are one object in different coordinates, and reading a neural network in the wrong coordinate changes the process being trained and sampled. Starting with a rigorous derivation of the continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) ELBO for any noising process, boundary terms included, we prove the \emph{Oracle Distance} th
An Accelerated Stochastic Variance-Reduced Algorithm for Entropic Wasserstein Barycenters
arXiv:2203.00813v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Fixed-support Wasserstein barycenters average probability distributions while accounting for the geometry of the support. We study the entropically regularized Wasserstein barycenter problem with a fixed regularization parameter and propose an accelerated stochastic variance-reduced primal-dual algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses a semi-dual finite-sum structure in which each stochastic gradient requires only one softmax over the barycenter
Distribution-free Deviation Bounds and The Role of Domain Knowledge in Learning via Model Selection with Cross-validation Risk Estimation
arXiv:2303.08777v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cross-validation is one of the most widely used tools for risk estimation and model selection in statistics and machine learning, yet its theoretical properties when embedded in a learning procedure remain insufficiently understood. This paper develops a general, distribution-free framework for learning via model selection with cross-validation risk estimation within classical statistical learning theory. We establish VC dimension-based deviat
Semidefinite programming relaxations and debiasing for MAXCUT-based clustering
arXiv:2401.10927v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this paper, we consider the problem of partitioning a small data sample of size $n$ drawn from a mixture of $2$ sub-gaussian distributions in $\mathbb{R}^p$. We consider semidefinite programming relaxations of an integer quadratic program that is formulated essentially as finding the maximum cut on a graph, where edge weights in the cut represent dissimilarity scores between two nodes based on their $p$ features. We define the signal-to-noi
Replicability is Asymptotically Free in Multi-armed Bandits
arXiv:2402.07391v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider a replicable stochastic multi-armed bandit algorithm that ensures, with high probability, that the algorithm's sequence of actions is not affected by the randomness inherent in the dataset. Replicability allows third parties to reproduce published findings and assists the original researcher in applying standard statistical tests. We observe that existing algorithms require $O(K^2/\rho^2)$ times more regret than nonreplicable algor
MRMS: A Multi-Resolution Memory Substrate for Long-Lived AI Agents
arXiv:2607.04617v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-lived AI agents require continuity across interactions, but continuity cannot be obtained by simply extending the prompt window. An agent must preserve useful prior experience, retrieve it selectively, distinguish personal context from external evidence, and revise memory when the underlying situation changes. We propose an architectural memory substrate organized along two orthogonal axes: a representational axis spanning structured records,
Formal Disco: Scalable Open-Ended Generation of Formally Verified Programs
arXiv:2607.04631v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The cost of producing code is rapidly diminishing with increasingly capable AI agents, while quality assurance of generated programs has not kept pace. Formal verification provides the strongest possible guarantees, but the ability of AI models to work with verification-aware languages is hindered by the scarcity of human-written examples of programs in those languages. To tackle this prevalent data scarcity issue, we propose Formal Disco: a distr
Integrated Altruistic and Fairness Preference Induces Advanced Mutual Cooperation in Sequential Social Dilemmas
arXiv:2607.04710v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inducing cooperation among distributed agents is still a difficult problem in the field of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), particularly in social dilemma situations. There, individual interests are misaligned with the common good and individual rationality leads to suboptimal group outcomes. In contrast, humans are able to achieve cooperation with one another in such situations. A common explanation for such cooperative behavior is that
FORGE: Research-Trajectory Hijacking Attacks on Deep Research Agents
arXiv:2607.04718v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep research agents decompose open-ended queries into subtasks, retrieve web evidence over multiple rounds, and synthesize long-form reports. This workflow creates a planning-layer poisoning surface: adversarial documents that enter the retrieval pool can steer follow-up questions and turn a local injection into report-level contamination. We present FORGE (Fabricated Orchestrated Reasoning chain for aGent Exploitation), a two-level attack that c
FM-ChangeNet: Learning Change through Pathwise Feature Transport
arXiv:2607.04750v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present FM-ChangeNet, a pathwise-supervised framework for change detection that reformulates bi-temporal reasoning as continuous transport in feature space rather than static endpoint comparison. Given encoded pre and post-temporal representations, we construct intermediate latent states and learn a time-conditioned velocity field $\hat{v}_\theta(z_t,t)$ along the transformation trajectory. This pathwise formulation constrains the predictor ove
AgenticPD: A Stage-Aware Agentic Framework for Physical Design QoR Optimization
arXiv:2607.04758v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physical design quality-of-results~(QoR) optimization is hard and expensive. Choices made at one stage can help or hurt later stages. Each evaluation requires a costly EDA run through the full flow. While existing methods still treat optimization as flat parameter tuning or a LLM-based script generation task, we present AgenticPD, a stage-aware agentic framework for physical design QoR optimization. Instead of re-running the full flow after every
CARL: Constraint-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Planning with LLMs
arXiv:2607.04854v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite their strong reasoning capabilities and extensive world knowledge, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate plans that violate task constraints, undermining their reliability in real-world applications. This deficiency arises from a lack of systematic mechanisms to incorporate constraint information during the generation process. While existing approaches attempt to mitigate this by relying on external tools or task decomposition,
Medi-Gemma: A Hybrid Clinical Decision Support System Integrating Deterministic EMR Analytics and Retrieval-Augmented Generation
arXiv:2607.04907v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes clinical settings remains limited by structural hallucinations, weak deterministic reasoning over tabular patient data, and omissions in vector retrieval. This paper presents the architecture and validation of Medi-Gemma, a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for wound pathology triage and workflow automation. The platform introduces a decoupled framework that separates clinical perception
STAPO: Selective Trajectory-Aware Policy Optimization for LLM Agent Training
arXiv:2607.04963v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the dominant paradigm for training Large Language Model (LLM) agents on long-horizon tasks. However, sparse and delayed rewards often lead to trajectory neglect, in which agents lose focus on the task goal and interaction history at intermediate steps. Prior work has explored step-level supervision using Shannon-entropy-based uncertainty signals, which conflate inherent state complexity with agent confidence and ther
Quantum-Inspired Harmonic Decision Models: A Computational Framework for Music Generation
arXiv:2607.05007v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper introduces a quantum-inspired computational framework for harmonic decision-making in music. The proposed approach formulates harmonization as an optimization problem within a structured combinatorial space, where multiple candidate chord sequences are evaluated under interacting musical constraints. The model combines an interference-based harmonization stage with a classical optimization procedure grounded in tonal harmony. The quantu
Toward Trustworthy Large Language Model Agents in Healthcare
arXiv:2607.05055v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Healthcare appointment scheduling remains a persistent operational bottleneck, driven by manual coordination, fragmented legacy systems, and high administrative overhead. These inefficiencies constrain provider availability and degrade patient access to care. This paper presents CareConnect, a safety-first conversational agent for healthcare logistics automation that leverages large language model (LLM) function calling, retrieval-augmented genera
Diffusion-Guided Uncertainty-Aware Delayed Policy Optimization
arXiv:2607.05064v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning in real world environments often suffers from severe performance degradation due to delayed feedback. Existing approaches typically mitigate performance degradation caused by observation delays by constructing augmented states or predicting the true states. However, these methods often overlook the inherent discrepancy between delayed state and true states induced by stochastic MDP. We theoretically prove the existence of su
ASSEMCAD: Production-Ready CAD Assembly Generation from Natural Language
arXiv:2607.05123v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in large language models and programmatic CAD have significantly improved Text-to-CAD generation for individual parts. However, production-ready mechanical assembly generation remains largely unsolved. Unlike single-part modeling, assemblies require coordinated reasoning over multiple components, functional interfaces, assembly relations, engineering principles, and physical consistency. Consequently, directly generating executable
TacReasoner: A Dynamic Tactile-Language Framework for Interactive Reasoning in Real-World Scenarios
arXiv:2607.05131v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Among the five primary human senses, tactile is arguably the most fundamental to survival, as it enables the perception of physical contact and interaction in real-world environments. In this paper, we explore two key challenges of integrating tactile sensing into intelligent systems for multimodal reasoning: (i) insufficient modeling of dynamic tactile signals, which restricts reasoning over temporally evolving properties, and (ii) hallucination
DSpark: Confidence-Scheduled Speculative Decoding with Semi-Autoregressive Generation
arXiv:2607.05147v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by decoupling draft generation from target verification. While recent parallel drafters efficiently propose long token sequences in a single forward pass, they suffer from rapid acceptance decay due to a lack of inter-token dependencies. Furthermore, indiscriminately verifying these extended blocks wastes critical batch capacity on tokens with high rejection risks, severely degr
The Changing Role of Symbolic Methods in Artificial Intelligence
arXiv:2607.05168v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Why do intelligent systems need to perform explicit symbolic reasoning? Computer science has traditionally regarded symbolic reasoning as a defining component of intelligence. Yet the remarkable success of modern foundation models raises a fundamental question: if increasingly capable AI systems can operate with little explicit symbolic reasoning, what role do symbolic methods actually play? This article argues that explicit symbolic reasoning i
CP-WSP: A Declarative CP-SAT Framework for Configurable Multi-Constraint Workforce Scheduling
arXiv:2607.05177v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Workforce scheduling is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem requiring simultaneous satisfaction of labor regulations, coverage requirements, employee preferences and operational objectives. Existing CP formulations typically model simplified instances with 6-12 constraints at shift-level granularity and critically lack explicit support for: mandatory break scheduling with midpoint placement control; acuity weighted workload equity; sub-s
ClassicLogic: A Knowledge-Driven Benchmark of Classic Puzzle Games for Evaluating Compositional Generalization
arXiv:2607.05185v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Compositional generalization, the ability to understand and produce novel combinations of known components, remains a fundamental challenge for modern artificial intelligence. While few benchmarks exist, many focus on linguistic tasks and lack complex, explicit compositional structures. We introduce ClassicLogic, a new benchmark suite designed to evaluate an agent's ability to learn and compose problem-solving strategies. The benchmark consists of
Reason, Reward, Refine: Step-Level Errors Corrections with Structured Feedback for Physics Reasoning in Small Language Models
arXiv:2607.05199v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physics reasoning fails structurally in small language models: an error at any step propagates forward, corrupting every inference that follows. Limited domain knowledge, hallucination under multi-step derivation, and distributional sensitivity compound this failure. We propose a step-level reward framework that identifies the first reasoning error, generates targeted structured feedback, and trains the model to revise its solution via policy grad
MoP-JEPA: Hard-Assigned Predictor Mixtures for Stochastic JEPA World Models
arXiv:2607.05238v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: JEPA world models predict the next latent state with a single deterministic predictor trained by latent regression. We show that this fails structurally when the environment is stochastic: at a branching transition, the regression-optimal predictor outputs the conditional mean of the successor embeddings, a point between the true next states that corresponds to no state at all. We prove this collapse for deterministic and gated mixture-of-experts
Towards Digital Preservation of Efik: TTS for a Low-Resource African Language
arXiv:2607.04515v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efik, a tonal language spoken by about 3 million second language speakers and 1.5 million native speakers in Southeastern Nigeria, remains underrepresented in speech synthesis research. We present the first documented end-to-end text-to-speech study for Efik, introducing a curated single speaker corpus of 2,632 utterances totaling three hours and a comparative evaluation of four neural models (VITS, MMS-TTS, SpeechT5, and Orpheus-TTS) under low re
Failures and Successes to Learn a Core Conceptual Distinction from the Statistics of Language
arXiv:2607.04523v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generic statements like "tigers are striped" and "cars have radios" communicate information that is, in general, true. However, while the first statement is true in principle, the second is true only statistically. People are exquisitely sensitive to this principled-vs-statistical distinction. It has been argued that this ability to distinguish between something being true by virtue of it being a category member versus being true because of mere s
Language Models Represent and Transform Concepts with Shared Geometry
arXiv:2607.04525v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How concepts are represented in neural networks is a fundamental question in machine learning. The dominant view treats concept representations as stationary geometric objects. Yet concepts appear in context, and context transforms them. Drawing from neural population geometry, we formalize concept representations as point-cloud manifolds and contextual transformations as vector fields, and instantiate this framework in large language models. Acro
Mechanism-level routing failure in LLMs over Lean-verified algebraic structures
arXiv:2607.04534v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present an empirical study of structural routing failure in large language models (LLMs) over a formally verified algebraic corpus. The task requires selecting the correct proof-mechanism label from a fixed closed template set for compact mathematical objects drawn from the FiberRing formalization in Lean 4, where each item is anchored to a Lean-verified artifact and assigned a label from the corresponding certificate family. Our central find
EEG-SpikeAgent: Agentic Closed-Loop Program Synthesis for Automated EEG Spike Detection
arXiv:2607.04558v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated detection of interictal epileptiform discharges in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) is clinically important, but recent high-performing deep-learning models often trade interpretability for accuracy. We introduce EEG-SpikeAgent, a closed-loop program-synthesis framework that uses a large language model (LLM) agentic system to generate signal-processing features for spike detection in scalp EEG. The system iteratively proposes one deter
Can temporal article-level credibility signals improve domain-level credibility prediction?
arXiv:2607.04560v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Web domain credibility evaluation is vital for combating misinformation. It is conducted by examining factors such as domain type, transparency, and overall reputation. However, assessing the credibility of newly emerging web domains remains challenging since they have no reputation yet. Expert fact-checkers evaluate the credibility of domains by analyzing the content of their articles, including the presence of misinformation, bias, or propaganda
Fidelity-Diversity Metrics for Text
arXiv:2607.04563v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As language modeling technology matures, there is an increasing research focus on the composition and curation of datasets used to train these models. For instance, practitioners commonly seek to augment high-quality datasets with additional text to enhance the performance of models trained on that data. However, informed decisions about data augmentation require more nuanced assessments about data quality. We build on work measuring the precision
Characterizing the Temporal, Emotional, and Social Patterns of Adolescent Substance Use Discussions on Reddit
arXiv:2607.04566v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by heightened emotional sensitivity, social stress, and vulnerability to substance use. However, traditional research methods provide limited access to adolescents' authentic experiences, hindering efforts to develop evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies. Social media provides a unique opportunity to observe adolescents' naturally occurring discussions about substance use, offer
Wrong Before Right: Late Rescue and Interface Failure in Aligned Language Models
arXiv:2607.04640v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study how correctness is assembled inside aligned language models, not only whether the final answer is right. Using layer-wise difference-in-differences (DiD) trajectories over polarity-controlled minimal pairs, we identify the wrong-dip: in mid layers (25-90% depth), internal preference transiently commits to the incorrect answer and is rescued only by late-layer correction. We verify this causally with patchscope-style activation transplanta
Retroactive Chain-of-Thought (RetroCoT): Forensic Reconstruction Prompts as a Safety Diagnostic Across Model Generations
arXiv:2607.04645v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety alignment in large language models is typically evaluated against direct, imperative harmful requests. We show that this alignment is highly conditioned on pragmatic register: models that refuse a direct request frequently comply when the same underlying objective is expressed through a different communicative stance. This suggests that current alignment policies are not invariant to semantic equivalence, but remain sensitive to how a reque
FormalRx: Rectify and eXamine Semantic Failures in Autoformalization
arXiv:2607.04655v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The veracious semantic alignment in autoformalization is significant for formal mathematical reasoning. However, existing evaluations provide only opaque binary verdicts or scalar scores, offering no interpretable insight into where or why translations fail. This opacity severely limits both human understanding and automated system improvement. To bridge this gap, we introduce FormalRx, a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation framework that transfor
ToolFailBench: Diagnosing Tool-Use Failures in LLM Agents
arXiv:2607.04686v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool calling is central to modern language model agents, but aggregate benchmark scores often hide where tool use fails. A model that never calls a needed tool and a model that calls the tool but ignores the result can look similar under final task accuracy. We introduce ToolFailBench, a diagnostic benchmark for measuring tool-use failures across 1,000 tasks in finance, medicine, law, cybersecurity, and real estate. Tool-required tasks return valu
PAST-TIDE: Prototype-Anchored Statement Tuning with Topic-Invariant Normalization for Stance Detection
arXiv:2607.04690v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce PAST-TIDE, our stance detection system addressing both subtasks of the StanceNakba Shared Task at NakbaNLP@LREC-COLING 2026. The main idea is statement tuning. We redefine stance as cloze-style masked language modeling (MLM), letting a verbalizer map label words to stance categories through the pre-trained MLM head rather than appending a randomly initialized classification head. We complement this with prototypical contrastive learni
Turning Off-Policy Tokens On-Policy: A Plug-in Approach for Improving LLM Alignment
arXiv:2607.04728v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training for large language models (LLMs) follows a efficient paradigm of "rollout then update", which inevitably results in off-policy training data. To resolve this, Importance sampling (IS) is proposed, while the token-level ratios compound over long sequences, causing severe variance exploded. A natural idea is "transferring" these off-policy token into on-policy token, so that the importance scores for correct
LP-SFT: Local-Preserving Supervised Fine-Tuning via Multimodal Entropy Structure
arXiv:2607.04733v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the standard approach for adapting pretrained language models to downstream domains, yet it often improves target-domain behavior at the cost of degrading pre-existing capabilities. Standard cross-entropy fine-tuning promotes only the observed label token and leaves unconstrained how probability mass is redistributed over other plausible alternatives, potentially distorting the rich local preference structure learne
Evaluating the Effect of Linguistic Relatedness on Cross-Lingual Transfer in Large Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition
arXiv:2607.04814v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Extending automatic speech recognition (ASR) to low-resource African languages is constrained by the prohibitive demands of data collection at scale. A promising direction is to leverage linguistic relatedness to enhance cross-lingual transfer from a related auxiliary language to the low-resource target by sequentially adapting on both. Although this strategy has shown meaningful improvements in small ASR models, its effectiveness in large ASR rem
Semantic Homogenization in Italian Popular Music: A Diachronic Analysis
arXiv:2607.04832v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In recent years, studies have revealed a decline in semantic variety across popular music lyrics, particularly in English-language songs on streaming platforms like Spotify. This research examines whether a similar trend can be observed in a different linguistic and cultural context: the lyrics of all finalist songs from the 75 editions of the Sanremo Music Festival, Italy's most renowned music competition. What sets this work apart is the develop
Ossetic-COT: Designing a morphologically annotated corpus and morphological analyzer for Ossetic
arXiv:2607.04895v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this work we present the first morphologically annotated corpus for Iron Ossetic that conforms to the Universal Dependencies schema. The corpus includes 5454 manually annotated sentences from the Iron Ossetic Corpus of Oral Texts, containing 74032 tokens. We use this corpus to train a BERT-based morphological analyzer. The analyzer achieves tag accuracy of 95.60%.
DuplexChat: Constructing Speaker-Separated Full-Duplex Dialogue Speech at Scale for Spoken Dialogue Language Modeling
arXiv:2607.04941v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Full-duplex spoken dialogue models are trained on conversational speech in which each speaker is represented as a separate stream, but existing large-scale public speech corpora are mostly monaural, making them unsuited for SDLM training. We present DuplexChat, an open-source corpus for full-duplex spoken dialogue models, and DuplexChat-Pipe, a pipeline for constructing speaker-separated full-duplex dialogue speech from public podcast feeds. Duple
You Frame It: How Conceptual Representations Shape LLM Detection and Reasoning about Antisemitism
arXiv:2607.04945v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLMs enable the integration of external conceptual resources at inference time, creating new opportunities for detecting ideologically and historically complex phenomena such as antisemitism. We investigate how different forms of conceptual grounding affect antisemitism detection and explanation behavior across four state-of-the-art LLMs. Using two expert-annotated datasets, we compare definitional, fine-grained taxonomic, example-augmented, and
STAC: Selective Spatiotemporal Aggregation and Compression for Video Reasoning Segmentation
arXiv:2607.02922v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video reasoning segmentation demands pixel-accurate object tracking across hundreds of frames under complex natural language queries, producing dense spatiotemporal tokens whose quadratic self-attention cost makes long-video processing prohibitive. Existing methods address this through token compression, yet typically operate on encoder features lacking temporal context, constraining selection before content redundancy can be reliably assessed. In
VideoSearcher: Empowering Video Deep Research with Multi-Tool Agentic Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2607.02927v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video understanding is moving beyond closed-context perception toward open-world evidence exploration, a paradigm formalized as Video Deep Research (VDR). However, existing multimodal search agents primarily target static images, and the current VDR benchmark relies on text-centric retrieval that discards crucial visual information. To address these limitations, we propose VideoSearcher, a closed-loop agentic framework that empowers Vision-Languag
CL-Anomaly: Layer-Adaptive Mixture-of-Experts with Multimodal Large Language Model for Continual Learning in Anomaly Detection
arXiv:2607.02930v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in diverse vision tasks, but full-parameter retraining is computationally expensive as real-world knowledge evolves. Existing continual learning methods often suffer from semantic entanglement in parameter spaces across tasks, impeding the continuous deployment of models. This challenge is especially pronounced in Anomaly Detection (AD), which exhibits triple heterogeneity across modalities, domains,
MatPhaseBench: A Semantics-Guided Benchmark for Materials Phase Diagrams Understanding
arXiv:2607.02934v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Materials phase diagrams are a core knowledge representation in materials science, encoding temperature,composition, phase stability, and phase transformation pathways, with their full understanding requiring thermodynamic mechanism analysis and scientific reasoning. Although VLMs have shown promise in scientific image understanding, their systematic evaluation on such logically complex images demanding deep mechanistic interpretation remains limi
Pooling-Based Context Modeling for Convolution-Free Deep Image Prior
arXiv:2607.02952v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) achieve strong denoising performance by exploiting spatial context from neighboring pixels. Deep Image Prior (DIP) leverages this property to restore images from a single noisy input without requiring large datasets. However, the over-parameterized architecture of DIP often leads to noise fitting during optimization. In this paper, we propose Pool-DIP, a convolution-free architecture that incorporates pooling-b
MORE: A Multilingual Document Parsing Benchmark and Evaluation
arXiv:2607.02956v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multilingual documents encapsulate rich regional cultures, scientific discoveries, and historical records. Parsing this content into structured, machine-readable formats is critical for unlocking global knowledge. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on high-resource languages like English and Chinese, creating an evaluation blind spot concerning model performance on other languages. While recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) claim sup
ReLo-IRR: Reflection-Guided LoRA Framework for Image Reflection Removal
arXiv:2607.02957v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Single-image reflection removal (SIRR) aims to recover the clean transmission layer from a reflection-contaminated image. Although recent methods achieve promising results with large diffusion models, they rely on image-agnostic adaptation strategies, e.g., fine-tuning or ControlNet, that enforce uniform suppression regardless of reflection severity. As a result, heavy reflections often leave residuals, while weak ones suffer from detail loss. To
Overloading Large Vision-Language Models for Jailbreaking
arXiv:2607.02961v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit remarkable vision-language capabilities and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications such as personal assistants, document analysis systems, and embodied agents. However, their dual-modal attack surfaces make them vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Existing LVLM jailbreaks rely on simple designs, e.g., short text and out-of-distribution images. Nevertheless, recent advancements in both large l
Parallelized Autoregressive Decoding for Omni-Modal Dense Video Captioning
arXiv:2607.02963v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dense video captioning aims to generate temporally grounded descriptions of video events, benefiting both event-level video understanding and generation. In this domain, autoregressive video large language models have emerged as a prevalent paradigm due to their strong generative and cross-modal modeling capacity. However, generating dense captions under the token-by-token paradigm severely limits inference efficiency and hinders scalability as vi
Awakening Diffusion Transformers: Eliciting Stronger Generation and Understanding via Massive Activation Modulation
arXiv:2607.02968v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Massive Activations (MAs) have been widely observed in Transformer-based models, yet their structure and functional roles in Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we systematically analyze MAs in representative DiTs and find that they are spatially distributed across image tokens while concentrated in a small set of fixed feature dimensions. We further show that these dimensions are closely aligned with AdaL
RePos: Relative-to-Absolute Output Factorization for Cross-Environment WiFi-Based 3D Human Pose Estimation
arXiv:2607.02986v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Device-free 3D human pose estimation using commodity WiFi Channel State Information (CSI) enables privacy-preserving and illumination-robust human sensing, but its deployment is limited by poor cross-environment generalization. Unlike images, CSI measurements do not have a spatially localized correspondence to body parts and are heavily affected by multipath propagation, causing models that regress absolute poses to entangle body structure with en
Cross-device Collaborative Test-time Adaptation with Zeroth-order Optimization and Model Merging
arXiv:2607.02988v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Test-time adaptation (TTA) mitigates domain shifts by using incoming test data to update a model on the fly. The majority of TTA methods require resource-intensive backpropagation (BP) for model updates, particularly demanding large memory sizes, which makes it infeasible to deploy them on resource-limited devices (e.g., edge devices). To address this issue, we integrate two different techniques, zeroth-order optimization (ZOO) and model merging,
GuideMe: Multi-Domain Task Guidance and Intervention in Streaming Video
arXiv:2607.02991v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at offline video understanding, an interesting question of how far they are from serving as a real-time procedural coach remains unknown. Such a role typically requires an MLLM to continuously monitor the execution, detect mistakes, and provide corrective guidance in a closed-loop interaction. In this paper, we construct GuideMe, the first multi-domain benchmark for streaming video that supports
VISTA: Auditing Semantic Divergence in Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.02995v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models can exhibit visual concept-conditioned divergence: given images containing demographic features, corporate logos, or ideological symbols, some models produce unusually uniform responses that differ from what peer models say about the same input. These behaviors evade text-only audits because visual concepts cannot be isolated or substituted the way text tokens can. We present VISTA (Visual Inconsistency Screening Through Ana
CONFLUX: A Latent Diusion Model for 3D Chest-CT Synthesis with RL Post-Training
arXiv:2607.02998v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Controllable generative models of 3D medical images can synthesize volumes with specified clinical attributes, but this demands samples that are simultaneously high-fidelity, natively 3D, and faithful to the requested conditioning. We present CONFLUX, a latent diffusion model for chest computed tomography (CT): a 3D variational autoencoder compresses each volume, and a rectified-flow transformer generates in the latent space. Generation is conditi
REAL-OW: Rehearsal-free Open World Object Detection with Low-Rank Adaptation and Dual-Stage Objectness Modeling
arXiv:2607.03004v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-World Object Detection (OWOD) requires detectors to identify previously unseen objects as unknown and incrementally incorporate them into the set of known categories, while preserving previously acquired knowledge. Existing frameworks rely heavily on exemplar replay to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, but in some real applications, storing raw data conflicts with data access restrictions and leads to data exposure risks, while incurring sign
PosterHarness: Turning Scientific Poster Generation into an Auditable Instruction-Following Benchmark
arXiv:2607.03006v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-rich image models can now design poster-scale layouts, but we lack ways to measure whether they honor scientific communication contracts: legible labels, prescribed aspect ratios, and -- above all -- abstaining from fabricated scientific figures. We present POSTERHARNESS, an auditable harness reframing poster generation as measurable instruction-following tasks, with a pilot benchmark and failure taxonomy. POSTERHARNESS uses a placeholder-fir
HyperVAttention: Efficient Sparse Attention with Spatio-Temporal Clustering for Video Diffusion
arXiv:2607.03012v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video Diffusion Transformers (VDiTs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in high-fidelity video generation. However, their ability to produce long-duration videos is fundamentally constrained by the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism. Recent clustering-based sparse attention methods improve the quality-speed trade-off by grouping semantically similar tokens, but their practical efficiency remains limited by two bottlenecks
MambaLIE: Scene Light Intensity-Boosted Low-Light Image Enhancement with State Space Model
arXiv:2607.03013v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Images captured by consumer electronic devices, such as mobile phones and digital cameras, often suffer from low-light degradation due to sensor limitations and imaging pipelines, which degrades visual quality and affects downstream vision tasks. Existing methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers have dominated current low-light image enhancement (LIE) due to their excellent ability to model hierarchical features.
$C^3$ASD: Multi-Level Consistency-Driven Representation Learning
arXiv:2607.03018v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Active Speaker Detection determines whether a visible person in a video is speaking at each moment. While recent audio-visual fusion methods perform well on clean data, they degrade under real-world corruptions such as background noise, occlusion, or simultaneous modality degradation. We attribute this limitation to the absence of explicit consistency constraints that promote robust, semantically aligned representations across modalities. Without
Granger Causality in Extremes
arXiv:2407.09632v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce a rigorous mathematical framework for Granger causality in extremes, designed to identify causal links from extreme events in time series. Granger causality plays a pivotal role in uncovering directional relationships among time-varying variables. While this notion gains heightened importance during extreme and highly volatile periods, state-of-the-art methods primarily focus on causality within the body of the distribution, often
Inclusive KL Gradient Flows: Otto-Wasserstein, Fisher-Rao-Gaussian, and Local-Estimator Dynamics
arXiv:2411.00214v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Otto's Wasserstein gradient flow of the inclusive (forward) Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence offers a principled framework for analyzing statistical inference algorithms, yet algorithms targeting the exclusive (reverse) KL divergence are rarely studied with such tools. We establish a unified gradient-flow and PDF framework for inclusive KL inference. We show that maximum mean discrepancy minimization can be viewed as inclusive KL inference wi
Explainable Bayesian deep learning through input-skip Latent Binary Bayesian Neural Networks
arXiv:2503.10496v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modeling natural phenomena with artificial neural networks (ANNs) often provides highly accurate predictions. However, ANNs often suffer from over-parameterization, complicating interpretation and raising uncertainty issues. Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) address the latter by representing weights as probability distributions, allowing for predictive uncertainty evaluation. Latent binary Bayesian neural networks (LBBNNs) further handle struct
Improved generalization bounds for binary linear classification via isoperimetry
arXiv:2505.16713v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We examine the concentration of uniform generalization errors around their expectation in binary linear classification problems via an isoperimetric argument. In particular, we establish Poincar\'{e} and log-Sobolev inequalities for the joint distribution of the output labels and the label-weighted input vectors, which we apply to derive concentration bounds. The derived results improve upon existing bounds obtained from general unbounded empi
Bayesian Invariance Modeling of Multi-Environment Data
arXiv:2506.22675v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Invariant prediction [Peters et al., 2016] analyzes feature/outcome data from multiple environments to identify invariant features - those with a stable predictive relationship to the outcome. Such features support generalization to new environments and help reveal causal mechanisms. Previous methods have primarily tackled this problem through hypothesis testing or regularized optimization. Here we develop Bayesian Invariant Prediction (BIP),
Semi-parametric Functional Classification via Path Signatures Logistic Regression with Adaptive Order Selection
arXiv:2507.06637v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose Path Signatures Logistic Regression (PSLR), a semi-parametric framework for classifying vector-valued functional data with scalar covariates. Classical functional logistic regression models rely on linear assumptions and fixed basis expansions, which limit flexibility and degrade performance under irregular sampling. PSLR leverages the well-established properties of path signatures - basis-free representation, cross-channel dependen
CLEAR: Calibrated Learning for Epistemic and Aleatoric Risk
arXiv:2507.08150v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate uncertainty quantification is critical for reliable predictive modeling. Existing methods typically address either aleatoric uncertainty due to measurement noise or epistemic uncertainty resulting from limited data, but not both in a balanced manner. We propose CLEAR, a calibration method with two distinct parameters, $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$, to combine the two uncertainty components and improve the conditional coverage of predictiv
The Bayesian Approach to Continual Learning: An Overview
arXiv:2507.08922v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Continual learning is an online paradigm where a learner continually accumulates knowledge from different tasks encountered over sequential time steps. Importantly, the learner is required to extend and update its knowledge without forgetting about the learning experience acquired from the past, and while avoiding the need to retrain from scratch. Given its sequential nature and its resemblance to the way humans think, continual learning offer
MetaCaDI: A Meta-Learning Framework for Causal Discovery from Multiple Environments with Unknown Interventions
arXiv:2510.22298v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Uncovering the causal mechanisms of complex real-world systems remains a significant challenge, as these systems often entail high data collection costs and involve unknown interventions. We introduce MetaCaDI, the first framework to cast the identification of unknown interventions as a meta-learning problem, explicitly leveraging a jointly learned causal graph. MetaCaDI is a Bayesian framework that learns a shared causal structure across mult
JADAI: Jointly Amortizing Adaptive Design and Bayesian Inference
arXiv:2512.22999v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider problems of parameter estimation where design variables can be actively optimized to maximize information gain. To this end, we introduce JADAI, a framework that jointly amortizes Bayesian adaptive design and inference by training a policy, a history network, and an inference network end-to-end. The networks minimize a generic loss that aggregates incremental reductions in posterior error along experimental sequences. Inference net
It's all In the (Exponential) Family: An Equivalence between Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Control Variates for Sketching Algorithms
arXiv:2601.22378v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) and control variate estimators (CVE) have been used in conjunction with known information across sketching algorithms and applications in machine learning. We prove that under certain conditions in an exponential family, an optimal CVE will achieve the same asymptotic variance as the MLE, giving a fixed point algorithm for the MLE. Experiments show the fixed point algorithm is faster and numerically stable c
Spectral Gradient Descent Mitigates Anisotropy-Driven Misalignment: A Case Study in Phase Retrieval
arXiv:2601.22652v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Spectral gradient methods, such as the Muon optimizer, modify gradient updates by preserving directional information while discarding scale, and have shown strong empirical performance in deep learning. We investigate the mechanisms underlying these gains through a dynamical analysis of a nonlinear phase retrieval model with anisotropic Gaussian inputs, equivalent to training a two-layer neural network with the quadratic activation and fixed s
PCA of probability measures: Sparse and Dense sampling regimes
arXiv:2602.02190v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A common approach to perform PCA on probability measures is to embed them into a Hilbert space where standard functional PCA techniques apply. While convergence rates for estimating the embedding of a single measure from $m$ samples are well understood, the literature has not addressed the setting involving multiple measures. In this paper, we study PCA in a double asymptotic regime where $n$ probability measures are observed, each through $m$
Learning with the Nash-Sutcliffe loss
arXiv:2603.00968v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ($\text{NSE}$) is a widely used, positively oriented relative measure for evaluating forecasts across multiple time series. However, it lacks a decision-theoretic foundation for this purpose. To address this, we examine its negatively oriented counterpart, which we refer to as Nash-Sutcliffe loss, defined as $L_{\text{NS}} = 1 - \text{NSE}$. We prove that $L_{\text{NS}}$ is strictly consistent for an elicitable an
Local Constrained Bayesian Optimization
arXiv:2603.07965v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Bayesian optimization (BO) for high-dimensional constrained problems remains a significant challenge due to the curse of dimensionality. We propose Local Constrained Bayesian Optimization (LCBO), a novel framework tailored for such settings. Unlike trust-region methods that are prone to premature shrinking when confronting tight or complex constraints, LCBO leverages the differentiable landscape of constraint-penalized surrogates to alternate
Diagnosing the conditional-mean barrier in scientific machine-learning surrogates
arXiv:2605.28076v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many prediction tasks in computational science and engineering become one-to-many after coarse graining and partial observation. In such settings, deterministic surrogates trained by squared loss may learn a well-defined mathematical object, the conditional mean, while still missing the task-relevant variability in the underlying conditional law. In this work, we formulate this limitation as the conditional-mean barrier and develop a diagnosti
Deterministic Envelopes for Tamed SGLD: Decoupling Stochastic Gradient Noise and Localizing Taming
arXiv:2606.05242v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Stochastic gradient Langevin algorithms often use tamed denominators to stabilize superlinear drifts. This paper shows that when the denominator depends on the current stochastic gradient, the transformed update can have a biased conditional mean even if the original stochastic gradient is unbiased. This creates a stationary mean-shift channel that is absent for deterministic denominators.We propose a structure-preserving framework for designi
Identifiability Without Gaussianity: Symbolic World Models and Near-Infinite Temporal Consistency
arXiv:2606.12471v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Klindt, LeCun, and Balestriero (arXiv:2605.26379) proved that Joint-Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) achieve linear identifiability, the linear recovery of the world's true latent variables, if and only if the world's latent dynamics follow a Gaussian, stationary process. This Gaussian boundary implies a fundamental limit on temporal consistency: for any non-Gaussian physical system, the representation error of a statistical World Mo
Attention is Just Another Name for Coupling? A Fast-Slow ODE Perspective on Hierarchical Pretraining
arXiv:2606.16730v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We re-interpret Transformer pretraining as a fast-slow, singularly perturbed flow along depth, with untied weights as its non-autonomous feature. The linearised dynamics is a depth-ordered product of layer maps. Along a token-homogeneous reference trajectory, the linearised layer factorises along the eigenbasis of a frozen attention kernel. Past a computable saturation depth, the flow factors through the block coarse-graining -- in other words
Two Layers of Instability in Causal Estimation
arXiv:2606.21185v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: There is a precise sense in which drawing causal inferences from observational data is hard, even when identifiability is assumed. In particular, Robins and Ritov (1997) and Robins et al. (2003) showed that causal effects can be discontinuous as a function of the data distribution: two arbitrarily close data distributions might correspond to different causal effects. This is a fact independent of the choice of estimator; however, not all estim
MetaSkill-Evolve: Recursive Self-Improvement of LLM Agents via Two-Timescale Meta-Skill Evolution
arXiv:2607.05297v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent LLM agents tackle increasingly long-horizon, open-ended tasks, and external skills, reusable procedural knowledge supplied to the agent, further extend this capability. However, a fixed, hand-authored skill is rarely optimal, and cannot adapt to the diversity of tasks an agent encounters. Self-improving agents address this by rewriting their own skill files from execution traces, yielding meaningful gains on challenging benchmarks. Yet such
OptiAgent: End-to-End Optimization Modeling via Multi-Agent Iterative Refinement
arXiv:2607.05346v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose OptiAgent, a multi-agent framework that, given a natural language description of an Operations Research problem, is able to output a solver-ready mathematical formulation as well as executable code. Our architecture prioritizes the mathematical modeling step, where dedicated agents extract structures, such as decision variables and constraints, enabling iterative self-correction. We introduce a novel multi-loop validation architecture w
Graph Sparse Sampling: Breaking the Curse of the Horizon in Continuous MDP Planning
arXiv:2607.05359v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Planning under uncertainty in continuous domains is essential for autonomous systems, yet computationally demanding. Tree-based search methods such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) remain popular, but their branching structure can require sampling budgets that grow exponentially with lookahead depth in the worst case. From a tree perspective, continuous state or action spaces become especially challenging, since the planner must decide where to s
LLM-as-a-Verifier: A General-Purpose Verification Framework
arXiv:2607.05391v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scaling pre-training, post-training, and test-time compute have become the central paradigms for improving the capabilities of LLMs. In this work, we identify verification, the ability to determine the correctness of a solution, as a new scaling axis. To unlock this and demonstrate its effectiveness, we introduce LLM-as-a-Verifier, a general-purpose verification framework that provides fine-grained feedback for agentic tasks without requiring addi
SiamixFormer: a fully-transformer Siamese network with temporal Fusion for accurate building detection and change detection in bi-temporal remote sensing images
arXiv:2208.00657v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Building detection and change detection using remote sensing images can help urban and rescue planning. Moreover, they can be used for building damage assessment after natural disasters. Currently, most of the existing models for building detection use only one image (pre-disaster image) to detect buildings. This is based on the idea that post-disaster images reduce the model's performance because of presence of destroyed buildings. In this pape
PotatoGANs: Utilizing Generative Adversarial Networks, Instance Segmentation, and Explainable AI for Enhanced Potato Disease Identification and Classification
arXiv:2405.07332v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Numerous applications have resulted from the automation of agricultural disease segmentation using deep learning techniques. However, when applied to new conditions, these applications frequently face the difficulty of overfitting, resulting in lower segmentation performance. In the context of potato farming, where diseases have a large influence on yields, it is critical for the agricultural economy to quickly and properly identify these diseas
Specific Domain Ontology Construction Using Large Language Models
arXiv:2606.20691v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ontologies are useful structures to organize and maintain information that can be understood both by humans and systems. However, since their manual crafting is a laborious task, many specific domains lack reference ontologies. The outstanding ability for understanding natural language demonstrated by the Large Language Models (LLMs) has motivated their application to aid on a variety of fields, including on ontology development. This work prese
Neural-Network Inverse Design of SRF Cavities and Transmons for Bosonic Quantum Computation
arXiv:2607.02289v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Three-dimensional superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities provide exceptionally long-lived electromagnetic modes and, when coupled to nonlinear elements such as transmon qubits, become promising architectures for bosonic quantum information processing. The inverse design of such systems, i.e., recovering device geometries that produce specified electromagnetic and coupling targets, is generally a one-to-many problem. The qubit-cavity coup
GLM-5 Serving Parameter Tuning for OpenClaw: Single-Deployment MaaS Inference Optimization for Long-Context Agent Workloads
arXiv:2607.02518v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: OpenClaw requests are dominated by long, tool-augmented prefixes, including system prompts, conversation history, and tool outputs fed back into the context window. For this workload, with about 28k-30k input tokens and 500 output tokens per request, serving quality is governed by throughput, TTFT, and tail latency rather than short-prompt throughput alone. This report studies GLM-5 serving-parameter tuning within a MaaS multi-model inference
AutoResearch: An Execution-Grounded Multi-Agent Framework for Reliable Research Workflow Automation
arXiv:2607.02520v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated research agents increasingly generate code, retrieve literature, and draft scientific artifacts, but they often fail to verify whether generated experiments execute correctly or whether cited sources support generated claims. We present AutoResearch, an execution-grounded multi-agent framework for reliable research workflow automation. AutoResearch couples sandboxed Python/PyTorch execution, iterative code repair, citation verification
PEEK: Predictive Queue-Informed KV Cache Management for LLM Serving
arXiv:2607.02525v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present PEEK, a lightweight scheduling and eviction framework for both online (streaming) and offline (batch) LLM serving; this paper focuses on the online regime. PEEK maintains an incremental radix tree over the pending queue, exposing prefix-sharing clusters no existing engine surfaces. A low-overhead dual-walk matches the tree against the engine's prefix cache to yield longest-prefix-match for every waiting request; PEEK then admits clu
The Hidden Water Geography of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers in the AI Era
arXiv:2607.02531v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Water use by data centers is routinely reported as a single footprint, but water is consumed through two physically distinct pathways: at the site for cooling and in the power system that generates electricity. We mapped both pathways for 472 U.S. hyperscale facilities by linking facility locations to electricity regions, hydrologic basins, and water-stress data. Under baseline assumptions, operational water consumption totals approximately 300
Not Every Sync Is Safe: Calibrated DiLoCo Scheduling for Shared AI Infrastructure
arXiv:2607.02544v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: DiLoCo-style training reduces communication by letting learner islands train locally before occasional outer synchronization, making it attractive for fragmented industrial AI fleets where training shares hardware with latency-sensitive serving. The question for such fleets is when an outer merge is worth its system cost, and whether choosing \emph{which} windows to defer matters at all. Existing scheduling studies evaluate workload-aware polici
CRODA-ST: Single-Target Cross-Receiver Open-Set Radio Fingerprint Recognition
arXiv:2607.02567v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) provides a physical-layer credential for Internet of Things devices, but open-set decisions become fragile when a threshold calibrated on a source receiver is transferred to a target receiver. Receiver shift can lower the confidence of known transmitters and cause false rejection; closed-set alignment can have the opposite effect by pulling unseen target transmitters into known regions and increa
DOSE-I: A Multimodal Biosignal Dataset of Procedural Sedation for Endoscopy -- Technical Report
arXiv:2607.02570v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this document, we describe characteristics and technical details of the multimodal biosignal dataset DOSE-I of procedural sedation for endoscopy published on zenodo. The DOSE-I dataset includes 78.5 hours of recording in 171 records ranging from 6.7 to 70.8 minutes (mean: 27.5, SD: 11.6) of 281 endoscopic procedures. 1129 (median: 6 per record) transitions of consciousness and 7328 (median: 39 per record) individual sedation depth labels were
From Tensor Buffer to Distributed Memory Hierarchy: A Survey of KV Cache Management for LLM Serving
arXiv:2607.02574v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The key-value (KV) cache has become a first-order memory object in LLM serving rather than a temporary per-request tensor. This survey classifies more than thirty KV-management systems and frameworks using four axes: locality, lifetime, ownership, and substrate. The axes reveal five architectural archetypes -- local-paged, disaggregated-pipeline, shared-store, memory-pool, and hybrid-tier. Once workload and hardware are fixed, ownership accounts
AgentLTL: A Trace-Verification Framework for Measuring, Enforcing, and Training Procedural Compliance in Tool-Using LLM Agents
arXiv:2607.02599v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-using LLM agents are usually evaluated by final-answer correctness or LLM judges. Neither captures how an answer was produced. In safety-critical settings, the procedure itself is part of correctness. In this paper, we introduce AgentLTL, a language derived from First-Order Linear Temporal Logic (FO-LTL) that expresses procedural rules over agent traces. It yields a deterministic, judge-free compliance score. In this framework, a single spe
Knowledge-Centric Information Systems
arXiv:2607.02609v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For decades, data engineering has developed mature architectural principles for integrating, governing, validating, cataloging, and serving organizational data. The rise of large language models does not eliminate these concerns; it exposes a broader version of them. Organizational knowledge is becoming executable infrastructure: systems increasingly retrieve it, assemble it, reason over it, and act on it. This paper argues that enterprise artif
The agent creates, we validate: A Lightweight Framework for Agentic Artifact Generation
arXiv:2607.02615v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generating structured artifacts with Large Language Models - e.g. database queries, threat framework mappings, entity schemas - is relatively straightforward; however, making them reliable enough for production deployments presents challenges. We present a lightweight framework based on a core principle: LLMs generate, we validate. This reframing shifts responsibility from generation quality to validation rigor. The framework rests on three key
COMET: Combinatorial Optimization for Multiplex Editing Targets Via Constraint-Preserving QAOA
arXiv:2607.02622v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing requires selecting one guide RNA per target gene subject to cross-gene interactions: a constrained combinatorial problem that can be formulated as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) and solved via the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The one-hot per-gene constraint is conventionally enforced by adding quadratic penalty terms to the cost Hamiltonian, but penalty coefficient se
Who's Behind It? Annotating and Extracting Conspiratorial Actors from German Telegram Posts
arXiv:2607.04962v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conspiracy theories commonly attribute important events to the actions of powerful and secretive actors. While computational research has largely focused on document-level analyses of conspiracy theories, less attention has been paid to identifying the actors that drive such narratives. We develop annotation guidelines for conspiratorial actors, present a span-annotated corpus of German Telegram posts, and investigate their automatic extraction us
The syntax of wh-agreement in Yemeni Ibbi Arabic
arXiv:2607.04986v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This article tackles an important phenomenon in the syntax of Yemeni Ibbi Arabic (YIA), viz., wh-agreement, a phenomenon common to several languages including Greek, Indonesian, Lubukusu, Irish, etc. In YIA, wh-agreement manifests itself via agreement inflections on the Wh-Op, C, T/V, v. To account for this phenomenon, we propose an Agree across phases (AAP) approach anchored in the mechanism of Feature Inheritance (FI) in which Agree as MATCHING
Knowledge Knows, Verbalization Tells: Disentangling Latent Directions for Mathematical Solvability in LLMs
arXiv:2607.05013v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Although LLMs have made significant progress in mathematical reasoning, determining whether a mathematical problem is solvable remains a fundamental yet challenging capability. While recent studies have probed internal representations of model solvability beliefs, verbalization has primarily been studied behaviorally rather than as an internal representation, limiting its analysis and manipulation. We address this gap by separately probing represe
Beyond Independent Labels: Schwartz-Geometry Decoding for Human Value Detection
arXiv:2607.05052v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human value detection is commonly formulated as sentence-level multi-label classification over the 19 refined Schwartz values, typically predicted as independent labels. Schwartz theory, however, describes them as a circular motivational continuum, in which adjacent values are compatible and opposing values are in tension. We ask whether this structure can be operationalized as an explicit output-space geometry and used as a soft bias rather than
MIRAGE: Defending Long-Form RAG Against Misinformation Pollution
arXiv:2607.05069v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves factuality by grounding LLMs in external evidence, but real-world retrieval is often polluted: semantically relevant passages may contain subtle misinformation, misleading framings, or fabrications. We introduce MIRAGE, a training-free, model-agnostic defense for long-form RAG. MIRAGE builds an NLI-based cross-document claim graph and applies a Defended-Claims Gate to either condition generation on a c
Rating the Pitch, Not the Product: User Evaluations of LLMs Reflect Expectations More Than Performance
arXiv:2607.05113v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Imagine two users interact with the same LLM. One has been told it is the cutting-edge flagship model; the other, an older, weaker model. They walk away with markedly different ratings of its usefulness and intelligence, yet they used the same model. In a controlled study, 162 participants each used one of six LLMs from two families across three collaborative tasks, after first viewing a landing page that matched, overstated, or understated their
EdgeBench: Unveiling Scaling Laws of Learning from Real-World Environments
arXiv:2607.05155v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pretraining scaling laws reveal that model capability improves predictably with data and compute. But learning from real world environments after deployment remains far less understood. Analyzing roughly 38,000 hours of agent interaction with the environment across 134 real world tasks, we find, to the best of our knowledge, the first evidence that overall performance during environment learning follows a log-sigmoid scaling law with remarkably hi
RABBiT: Rapidly adaptive BOLD foundation model via brain-tuning for accurate zero-shot and few-shot prediction of speech-elicited responses in the brain
arXiv:2607.05171v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language understanding in the brain is context-dependent, varying across experimental stimuli and individuals, which makes it difficult to build computational models that generalize across both. This calls for a foundation model of language-evoked brain activity that can capture shared structure while adapting efficiently to new participants and inputs. We introduce RABBiT (Rapidly Adaptive BOLD foundation model via BraIn-Tuning), a compact audio-
Unified Audio Intelligence Without Regressing on Text Intelligence
arXiv:2607.05196v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Audio intelligence involves understanding, reasoning about, and generating both audio and speech. In this work, we introduce Nemotron-Labs-Audex-30B-A3B (Audex), a unified audio-text LLM built on Nemotron-Cascade-2-30B-A3B, a strong text-only MoE LLM. Audex adopts a simple unified design with a single Transformer decoder: audio inputs are encoded and projected into the text embedding space, while text tokens and quantized audio output tokens are t
Progressive Refinement: An Iterative Pseudo-Labeling Approach for Mandarin-English Code-Switching ASR
arXiv:2607.05224v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Code-switching (CS), alternating languages within the same utterance, poses significant challenges for automatic speech recognition (ASR) due to limited CS training data. This paper applies an iterative pseudo-labeling training approach to CS-ASR for the first time, demonstrating its effectiveness in leveraging unlabeled data to improve CS-ASR performance. The approach comprises three phases: pseudo-label generation, two-stage bilingual model trai
SalAngaBhava: A Sinhala Market Dataset for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis
arXiv:2607.05259v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sentiment analysis has been a primary domain under Natural Language Processing (NLP) from its inception as it plays a vital role in both real-world and research applications. In high-resource languages, this has been extended a step further, and instead of predicting sentiment at the sentence level, models have been developed to detect more fine-grained sentiments at aspect level. However, in order to conduct this fine-grained Aspect-based Sentime
How Much is Left? LLMs Linearly Encode Their Remaining Output Length
arXiv:2607.05316v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models generate one token at a time, yet their responses show remarkably consistent length structure: step-by-step solutions converge in predictable token counts, retrievals stop after a few sentences, retractions extend responses by measurable amounts. We ask whether the model carries an internal estimate of how much response remains. Training minimal-capacity linear probes on frozen hidden states of three open-weight 7-8B models a
Faithfulness to Refusal: A Causal Audit of Neuron Selectors
arXiv:2607.05355v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Attribution scores increasingly identify which neuron rows of a language model matter for applications such as pruning, interpretability, and editing for safety, yet whether they identify causally important rows is rarely tested directly. We address this with two paired audits built on one-shot neuron-row zeroing. We first audit selectors at the language-modeling level: attribution methods substantially outperform activation and magnitude-based ba
REDDIT: Correcting Model-Generated Timestamp Drift in ASR without Forgetting via Replay-Based Distribution Editing
arXiv:2607.05364v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern autoregressive ASR systems can emit timestamps as decoded tokens, enabling timestamped transcription without frame-level aligners or inference-time post-processing. We show that these generated timestamps can drift across long non-speech spans: the transcript may remain plausible, but the decoded time axis drifts away from the audio. We study this non-speech-induced timestamp drift with self-built gap and long-gap benchmarks across 15 evalu
SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models
arXiv:2607.05365v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Streaming speech-to-speech language models aim to answer spoken queries directly with synthetic speech. However, standard speech and text benchmarks do not capture whether these systems behave naturally in conversations, where timing, turn-taking, prosody, interpersonal stance, language and dialect consistency, and relationship-aware appropriateness jointly shape perceived quality. We introduce SPEARBench, a benchmark for evaluating naturalness in
When Should Service Agents Reconsider? Difficulty-Routed Control in Customer-Service Operations
arXiv:2607.01426v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous customer-service agents are shifting from conversational interfaces toward operational execution roles: they retrieve firm records, apply service policies, and execute backend writes such as refunds, cancellations, exchanges, order modifications, and reservation changes. This shift creates a service-control problem: firms must keep routine service fast and low-friction while preventing operational errors on requests where customer ins
GRAFT: Grafted Reference Audio for Fine-grained Pronunciation in Zero-shot Text-to-Speech
arXiv:2607.02633v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present GRAFT, a per-word pronunciation conditioning mechanism for text-to-speech neural codec language modeling. Existing systems reach high intelligibility and naturalness but inherit the ambiguity of text and mispronounce rare proper nouns, loanwords and technical terms. Even phoneme-conditioned models offer no direct acoustic handle for per-word pronunciation. GRAFT controls the pronunciation of a chosen word from a short spoken sample of
Safe Inference-Time Alignment via Lagrangian Reward Augmentation
arXiv:2607.02781v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference-time alignment steers a frozen language model during decoding using auxiliary reward signals, avoiding the cost of repeated weight updates. However, existing inference-time alignment methods typically optimize a single scalar score, so explicit safety constraints must either be ignored or encoded through manually tuned penalties. We propose Lagrangian Reward Augmentation (LARA), a general inference-time alignment framework under safety
Training Hybrid Block Diffusion Language Models with Partial Bidirectionality
arXiv:2607.02805v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: High-throughput long-context generation is one of the central challenges for large language models. Generation is typically memory-bandwidth-bound rather than compute-bound: each decoding step must stream the accumulated key/value (KV) cache from memory, so bandwidth demand grows with context length while only one token is emitted. Two parallel approaches have therefore emerged: reducing memory access with efficient attention variants and linear
Variable Bit-width Quantization: Learning Per-Group Precision for "Bigger-but-Smaller" Language Models
arXiv:2607.02893v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Low-bit quantization shrinks language models but treats precision as a single global hyper-parameter: every weight uses the same bit-width. We introduce Variable Bit-width Quantization (VBQ), a training-time method in which each contiguous group of 64 weights learns its own resolution from {1,2,4,8} bits via a Gumbel-Softmax relaxation, trained jointly by an alternating optimization that gives the precision logits a clean, task-aligned signal. V
OmniDS: Dual-Stream Context Fusion for Omnidirectional Depth from Fisheye Cameras
arXiv:2607.03038v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Omnidirectional depth estimation from multi-fisheye camera rigs is complicated by visibility conflicts: wide baselines cause different cameras to observe different portions, or even different faces, of the same object, so aggregating their features into a unified equirectangular (ERP) representation under fixed projection produces ambiguous matching evidence near occlusion boundaries and thin structures. Although existing methods mitigate this by
Natural Language Camera Movement Understanding
arXiv:2607.03043v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding camera movement in natural language is critical for training and evaluating video generation models, among other applications. However, we demonstrate that existing vision-language models (VLMs) fail this task in surprising ways, frequently confusing translation with rotation, left with right, and object movement with camera movement. To address these limitations, we establish natural language camera movement understanding as a stand
CURE: Controllable Unified Image Restoration for Complex Degradations
arXiv:2607.03044v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The presence of composite degradations poses a significant challenge, since the underlying corruption factors exhibit complex and interdependent interactions. Even when the degradation types are known, accurately restoring the image remains difficult due to the intertwined nature of their effects and the need for selective control during the recovery process. To address this, we introduce CURE, a unified framework that enables controllable restora
Text-to-Image Generation for Projector-Camera System Registration
arXiv:2607.03046v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Establishing correspondence between projector and camera images in a procam (projector + camera) system is essential for achieving high-resolution pixel matching, referred to as procam registration. The highest accuracy is typically obtained using structured light patterns (e.g., stripes or blobs). However, these methods are often inefficient and lack meaningful information for human viewers. Although some have explored the use of natural images,
RIGS-Refiner: Risk-Guided Recursive Refinement in Prediction Space for Colonoscopy Polyp Segmentation
arXiv:2607.03058v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-refinement can improve colonoscopy segmentation after host inference, but many designs still rely on extra correction heads or multi-stage pipelines with non-negligible parameter or computational cost. For polyp segmentation, host predictions are often already reasonable globally, with remaining errors clustered around ambiguous boundaries and difficult local structures. These residual errors matter in colonoscopy images because useful masks
Lightweight Polyp Segmentation via a Gain-Aware Prediction-Space Recursive Controller
arXiv:2607.03062v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While lightweight polyp segmentation is highly desirable for low-cost deployment, reported performance gains often stem from upgraded backbone encoders, complex decoders, or heavy refinement branches. Consequently, it remains difficult to isolate whether a lightweight correction mechanism is inherently effective on its own. We address this limitation by formulating refinement as a prediction-space recursive correction task, introducing a recursive
PixCon: Clean-Positive Contrastive Learning for Foundation-Model Semi-Supervised Segmentation
arXiv:2607.03068v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSSS) has long turned on one question, which pseudo-labels to trust, and answered it with ever more careful confidence filtering. Foundation backbones change the regime: with a DINOv2 teacher a strict threshold already retains a measured 98%-clean pseudo-label set, so the accuracy that remains lives not in the filter but in how the embedding space is structured by class. We propose PixCon, a clean-positive pi
SafeGuard: A Multi-Agent Perception-Reasoning Framework for Social-Risk AI-Generated Video Detection
arXiv:2607.03069v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As video generation paradigms evolve from localized manipulation to full-scene synthesis, AI-generated video detection becomes increasingly challenging, as forgeries exhibit coherent global structure and high perceptual realism. However, existing benchmarks are biased toward perceptual fidelity and primarily evaluate detectors based on perceptual artifacts, providing limited coverage of scenarios that require reasoning about violations of physical
SNR-Adaptive Unified Diffusion for Multi-Task Medical Image Segmentation
arXiv:2607.03103v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical cardiac imaging pipelines currently deploy separate models for each dataset and modality, incurring redundant training costs and precluding knowledge sharing across anatomically related tasks. Consolidating semi-supervised learning, unsupervised domain adaptation, and domain generalisation into one model is therefore a practical necessity, yet naive joint training exposes a fundamental barrier: conflicting label semantics between datasets
Vidu S1: A Real-Time Interactive Video Generation Model
arXiv:2607.03118v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce Vidu S1, a real-time interactive video generation model supporting voice control of digital characters. Users can control video generation content at any moment through voice instructions. Vidu S1 supports infinite-length real-time video generation without blurring, drift, or visual distortion. Built with TurboDiffusion and TurboServe, Vidu S1 outputs 540p real-time videos at up to 42 FPS on regular consumer GPUs. Users can upload cus
A Multi-Task Deep Learning Framework for Real-Time Intelligent Video Surveillance with Temporal Event Validation
arXiv:2607.03131v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern video surveillance systems generate far more video streams than human operators can effectively monitor, making automated analysis essential for timely detection of security events. This paper presents a unified multi-task deep learning framework that simultaneously performs face recognition with zone-based authorization, automatic license plate recognition, weapon detection, fire and smoke detection, and human action recognition on a share
Text as Partial Constraint: Core-Residual Alignment for Robust Vision-Language Learning
arXiv:2607.03143v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language alignment powers open-vocabulary recognition, retrieval, and LVLM grounding, yet natural captions are often underspecified, making similarity brittle and overly confident under paraphrase and omitted details. We aim to learn representations whose matching is stable across caption views and whose confidence reflects how strongly text constrains an image. We propose Text as Partial Constraint (TPC), a core-residual alignment framewor
DistillH-Mamba: A Hypergraph-Mamba-Based Knowledge Distillation Model for Efficient Impact Fall Detection
arXiv:2607.03156v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Falls among the elderly represent a significant public health concern due to their prevalence, consequences, and societal burden. While deep learning has improved fall detection, accurately identifying impact moments (when an individual hits the ground) remains challenging. Additionally, current algorithms often rely on complex models with high computational demands, limiting real-time deployment feasibility. In this work, we propose DistillH-Mamb
Rethinking Brain Decoding with CLIP: The Role of Adversarial Robustness
arXiv:2607.03165v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Brain decoding aims to uncover neural mechanisms by inferring stimulus-related representations from brain signals. In fMRI studies, this is typically achieved by mapping fMRI responses to the latent representations of computational models. Recently, CLIP has become a popular choice for brain decoding due to its rich vision--language embedding space. However, aligning fMRI signals with CLIP representations remains challenging. As CLIP is not explic
FairFlow: Demystifying and Mitigating Stereotype Bias in Text-to-Image Diffusion Transformers
arXiv:2607.03180v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal diffusion transformers (MM-DiTs) have emerged as the prevalent backbone for modern text-to-image generation systems. However, they exhibit critical alignment vulnerabilities, systematically manifesting severe stereotype biases even under benign prompts. This poses a significant risk of algorithmic discrimination in deployed systems. Since most existing mitigation strategies were tailored for legacy U-Net architectures, the precise remed
BVS: Bayesian Visual Search with Multimodal Large Language Model for Fine-grained Perception
arXiv:2607.03184v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities, they struggle with fine-grained perception in ultra-high-resolution (UHR) images, particularly for tiny objects in cluttered scenes. Existing methods face a dilemma: they either rely on inefficient prior-free scanning, or depend on static prior-driven heuristics that lack posterior correction to rectify initial model biases. To address this, we propose BVS
Seeing Through WiFi: Lightweight Human Pose Estimation with Dynamic Kernel Attention
arXiv:2607.03196v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: WiFi-based human pose estimation (HPE) enables the detection and interpretation of human body positions and movements without the need for wearable devices while preserving individual privacy concerns. Implementing this solution requires enhancing model performance and maintaining efficiency, especially on resource-constrained devices. This paper introduces a novel framework, WiLHPE, for lightweight and efficient human pose estimation using WiFi C
Fast 3D Foundation Model Initialized Gaussian Splatting
arXiv:2607.03209v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper introduces a fast method for high-quality 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) reconstruction without traditional Structure-from-Motion (SfM). The proposed approach leverages 3D Foundation Models (3DFMs) for camera pose and point-cloud initialization, then jointly optimizes both camera poses and Gaussian primitives using a depth-guided loss function. This enables fast convergence even from rough initialization with as few as 50-60 input views.
OpenGlass: A Sensing-Computing Split Architecture for Local MLLM-Driven Real-Time Visual Assistance
arXiv:2607.03213v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present OpenGlass, an open-source, privacy-oriented, local-first system for low-latency multimodal visual assistance, with a primary focus on blind and low-vision users. Cloud MLLM assistants offer strong visual understanding, but often require uploading first-person visual data and can suffer multi-second network delays; wearable glasses are ideal for sensing, but cannot host large models under tight compute and power budgets. OpenGlass addres
Learning to Suppress SPAD-based LiDAR Flare
arXiv:2607.03247v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD)-based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is emerging for autonomous vehicles due to its high sensitivity and precise depth sensing capabilities. However, flare caused by excessive photon returns or pile-up effects can lead to incorrect depth estimation and exaggerated boundaries in point clouds, resulting in severe distortions of geometric measurements, making flare suppression essential for safety-critical ap
A Stochastic--Geometric Theory of Scaling Laws in Grokking
arXiv:2606.30388v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Delayed generalization (\ie~grokking) refers to the phenomenon in which a neural network fits its training data early in training but only begins to generalize after a prolonged delay, often through an abrupt transition. Despite extensive empirical study, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this work, we first theoretically characterize a shell--core topological configuration of the reachable solution space induced by Adam's
SGD Provably Prioritizes a Shortcut Spurious Feature in the XOR Model
arXiv:2606.30444v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural networks are known to be susceptible to over-reliance on spurious correlations. However, the precise mechanism by which models exploit shortcut features is not fully understood, and algorithms to mitigate this behavior rely on as yet unjustified assumptions about the learned representations. In this work, we provide the first end-to-end theoretical characterization of spurious feature learning for two-layer ReLU neural networks trained
An Additive MLP-GNN Framework for Characterizing Chemical and Structural Contributions to Aqueous Solubility
arXiv:2607.02212v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Aqueous solubility is a key property in early-stage drug discovery, but most predictive models merge physicochemical descriptors and molecular graph information into a single representation, obscuring whether a prediction is driven by global chemistry, molecular structure, or both. We present an additive deep-learning framework that keeps these two sources of information separate throughout training: physicochemical descriptors are encoded by
Analytical Standard Errors for Exploratory Factor Solutions
arXiv:1811.05336v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Inference for factor models is often hampered by the lack of tractable and accurate variance estimates, which can materially distort downstream analyses. In practice, uncertainty in the residual covariance matrix is frequently either ignored or addressed through computationally intensive resampling methods that tend to be unstable. This paper develops a unified analytical framework for inference in exploratory factor analysis under sever
Online Fair Allocation of Perishable Resources
arXiv:2406.02402v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider a practically motivated variant of the canonical online fair allocation problem: a decision-maker has a budget of perishable resources to allocate over a fixed number of rounds. Each round sees a random number of arrivals, and the decision-maker must commit to an allocation for these individuals before moving on to the next round. The goal is to construct a sequence of allocations that is envy-free and efficient. Our work mak
On Regularization via Early Stopping for Least Squares Regression
arXiv:2406.04425v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A fundamental problem in machine learning is understanding the effect of early stopping on the parameters obtained and the generalization capabilities of the model. Even for linear models, the effect is not fully understood for arbitrary learning rates and data. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of discrete full batch gradient descent for linear regression. With minimal distributional assumptions, we characterize the trajectory of t
Improved Finite-Particle Convergence Rates for Stein Variational Gradient Descent
arXiv:2409.08469v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We provide finite-particle convergence rates for the Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) algorithm in the Kernelized Stein Discrepancy ($\mathsf{KSD}$) and Wasserstein-2 metrics. Our key insight is that the time derivative of the relative entropy between the joint density of $N$ particle locations and the $N$-fold product target measure, starting from a regular initial distribution, splits into a dominant `negative part' proportion
Targeted Data Fusion for Region-Specific Survival Effects in the AMP HIV Prevention Trials
arXiv:2501.18798v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials opened a new scientific frontier by showing that passively administered monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) could prevent HIV-1 acquisition. Conducted across multiple geographic regions, including the United States, Brazil, Peru, Switzerland, and sub-Saharan Africa, the AMP trials revealed substantial regional heterogeneity in treatment efficacy. These differences, together wit
Machine Unlearning via Information Theoretic Regularization
arXiv:2502.05684v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How can we effectively remove or ``unlearn'' undesirable information, such as specific features or the influence of individual data points, from a learning outcome while minimizing utility loss and ensuring rigorous guarantees? We introduce a unified mathematical framework based on information-theoretic regularization to address both data-point unlearning and feature unlearning. For data-point unlearning, we introduce the \emph{Marginal
Finite sample bounds for barycenter estimation in geodesic spaces
arXiv:2502.14069v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the problem of estimating the barycenter of a distribution given i.i.d. data in a geodesic space. Assuming an upper curvature bound in Alexandrov's sense and a support condition ensuring the strong geodesic convexity of the barycenter problem, we establish finite-sample error bounds in expectation and with high probability. Our results generalize Hoeffding- and Bernstein-type concentration inequalities from Euclidean to geodesic
Cohort-attention Evaluation Metrics for Tied Data
arXiv:2503.12755v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly improved medical screening accuracy, particularly in cancer detection and risk assessment. However, traditional classification metrics often fail to account for imbalanced data, varying performance across cohorts, and patient-level inconsistencies, leading to biased evaluations. We propose the cohort-attention evaluation metrics for tied data (CAT). CAT introduces patient-level assessment, e
An Axiomatic Assessment of Entropy- and Variance-based Uncertainty Quantification in Regression
arXiv:2504.18433v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Uncertainty quantification is crucial in machine learning, yet most (axiomatic) studies of uncertainty measures focus on classification, leaving a gap in regression settings with limited formal justification and evaluations. In this work, we provide a formal way of representing uncertainty in continuous space, using a general parametric formulation, allowing for tractable analysis and evaluation of uncertainty measures. Within this frame
Interpretability and Generalization Bounds for Learning Spatial Physics
arXiv:2506.15199v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While there are many applications of ML to scientific problems that look promising, visuals can be deceiving. Using numerical analysis techniques, we rigorously quantify the accuracy, convergence rates, and generalization bounds of certain ML models applied to linear differential equations for parameter discovery or solution finding. Beyond the quantity and discretization of data, we identify that the function space of the data is critic
Tight Stability Bounds for Robust Distributed Learning: Byzantine Failures Hurt Generalization More than Data Poisoning
arXiv:2506.18020v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Robust distributed learning algorithms aim to maintain reliable performance despite the presence of misbehaving workers. Such misbehaviors are commonly modeled as \textit{Byzantine failures}, allowing arbitrarily corrupted communication, or as \textit{data poisoning}, a weaker form of corruption restricted to local training data. While prior work shows similar optimization guarantees for both models, an important question remains: \texti
Toward Efficient Uncertainty in LLMs through Evidential Knowledge Distillation
arXiv:2507.18366v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate uncertainty quantification remains a key challenge for standard LLMs, prompting the adoption of Bayesian and ensemble-based methods. However, such methods typically necessitate computationally expensive sampling, involving multiple forward passes to effectively estimate predictive uncertainty. In this paper, we introduce an approach enabling uncertainty estimation in LLMs without incurring the heavy inference latency typically
Convergence of Stochastic Gradient Methods for Wide Two-Layer Physics-Informed Neural Networks for the Poisson Equation
arXiv:2508.21571v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a very popular class of neural solvers for partial differential equations. In practice, one often employs stochastic gradient descent type algorithms to train the neural network. Therefore, the convergence guarantee of stochastic gradient descent is of fundamental importance. In this work, we establish the linear convergence of stochastic gradient descent / flow in training over-paramete
Batched Bandits with Heavy-Tailed Rewards
arXiv:2510.03798v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The batched multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, where rewards are collected in batches, is pivotal in applications like clinical trials. While prior work assumes light-tailed reward distributions, real-world scenarios often exhibit heavy-tailed outcomes. This paper addresses this gap by introducing robust batched bandit algorithms for heavy-tailed rewards in both multi-arm and Lipschitz settings. We uncover somewhat surprising phenomena fo
A Provably-Correct and Robust Convex Model for Smooth Separable NMF
arXiv:2511.07109v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique for nonnegative data, with applications such as hyperspectral unmixing and topic modeling. NMF is a difficult problem in general (NP-hard), and its solutions are typically not unique. To address these two issues, additional constraints or assumptions are often used. In particular, separability assumes that the basis vectors in the NMF are equal to some
Joint learning of a network of linear dynamical systems via total variation penalization
arXiv:2511.18737v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider the problem of joint estimation of the parameters of $m$ linear dynamical systems, given access to single realizations of their respective trajectories, each of length $T$. The linear systems are assumed to reside on the nodes of an undirected and connected graph $G = ([m], \mathcal{E})$, and the system matrices are assumed to either vary smoothly or exhibit small number of ``jumps'' across the edges. We consider a total vari
Shapley-based Data Valuation for LLM Alignment via Sequential Preference Optimization
arXiv:2512.15765v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Data valuation is a natural framework for understanding which preference datasets matter most when aligning a Large Language Model (LLM) using multiple sources. The standard game-theoretic approach assigns each dataset a contribution score via the Shapley value. In practice, however, Shapley-based valuation is computationally prohibitive because it requires fine-tuning a separate model for every possible coalition of preference datasets,
Fine-Grained Computation Offload for Off-the-Shelf Servers in Tens of Lines
arXiv:2607.02630v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hardware accelerators now sit on the critical path of online serving. GPUs, FPGAs, and increasingly remote services such as hardware security modules, post-quantum KEMs, and inference servers. For fine-grained offloads (microseconds to a few milliseconds) the classic responses to the resulting stall both fail: a context switch costs as much as the offload, and a busy-wait burns the core. Overlapping the offload with other requests is the fix, an
QuantFlow: A Federated Mamba-Based Post-Transformer Foundation Model for Time-Series Forecasting
arXiv:2607.02632v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Time-series forecasting supports decisions in finance, en-ergy, transportation, public health, and industrial monitoring. Recent foundation models improve transfer across forecast-ing tasks, but many depend on centralized data and Trans-former attention, which restricts their use for long, high-di-mensional, and privacy-sensitive signals. This paper presents QuantFlow, a probabilistic forecasting framework that com-bines inverted sequence embedd
Post-Generation Curation of Synthetic Images via Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Splitting
arXiv:2607.02637v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent generative models can produce high-quality synthetic images, offering scalable training training data for data-hungry models. Existing approaches to exploiting this potential typically involve 1) training or fine-tuning generators, or 2) using lightweight post-hoc adaptation like prompt engineering or inference-time guidance, making them generator-specific and expertise-intensive. We study a complementary question: given a fixed pool of g
Metronome: Bound the Cache, Keep the Beat for Real-Time Interaction Model Serving
arXiv:2607.02640v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-time interaction models -- Moshi, MiniCPM-o, Qwen-Omni -- turn serving into a periodic real-time task: on every frame a session ingests streaming audio and must respond by a recurring wall-clock deadline, while its KV cache grows monotonically and stays pinned for the whole conversation. This regime hides a dangerous failure mode. On a real full-duplex stack, sustained load does not degrade serving gracefully: it falls off a cliff, jumping
LLMoxie: Exploring Agentic AI for Scientific Software Development
arXiv:2607.02703v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this paper, we describe LLMoxie, an institutional AI platform whose three-tiered architecture supports multi-cloud and on-premise inference, a LiteLLM/MLflow control plane for authentication, budgeting, PII masking, and observability, and an application augmentation layer for AI coding agents. Layered on top, an open-source RSE-Plugins ecosystem encodes accumulated RSE knowledge as a Plugin-Agent-Skill hierarchy spanning scientific Python pra
Not All Refusals Are Equal: How Safety Alignment Fails Cybersecurity at Scale
arXiv:2607.02714v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: There is no doubt that safety alignment is an essential step in LLM training. However, conceptually it does not distinguish between various domains and the level of potential harm of a query, which creates significant complications in the fields like cyber security, where a model should not be constrained by its safety circuits to accomplish the goals of legitimate, authorized operations. In this work, we share our findings from a large scale ab
A Preliminary Study on Explaining Risk of Code Changes using LLM-Based Prediction Models
arXiv:2607.02782v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predictions by machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) models are often received skeptically unless they are paired with intelligible explanations. In the context of just-in-time defect prediction, highlighting small portions of a software change (diff) -- beyond rule-based lints -- where risk may be concentrated has not yet been extensively investigated. In this work, we leverage attention weights from an LLM-based Diff Risk Scor
SovereignNegotiation-Bench: Evaluating User-Owned Personal Agents In Delegated Bargaining Under Privacy, Consent, Evidence, And Institutional Pressure
arXiv:2607.02814v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personal agents will increasingly negotiate on behalf of users: splitting costs with other personal agents, appealing platform decisions, escalating support disputes, requesting refunds, changing subscriptions, and negotiating deadlines or reimbursements. Existing negotiation benchmarks emphasize agreement, surplus, or strategic competence, but a user-owned agent can reach an agreement while harming the user through privacy leakage, consent viol
Vision Token Manipulation Attacks on Cloud-Edge Inference of Large Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.02819v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cloud-edge Large Vision-Language Model (LVLM) inference enables efficient deployment by splitting computation between edge devices and cloud servers. In this process, intermediate vision tokens are transmitted from the edge to the cloud over a communication link, thereby exposing a new attack surface. We study vision token manipulation attack (VTM-Attack) under a black-box man-in-the-middle setting, where an adversary intercepts and manipulates
JavaVulBench: A Java Vulnerability Benchmark with Realistic Splits, a Unified Multi-Backend Harness, and a Leakage-Aware Evaluation Mode
arXiv:2607.02825v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We release \textsc{JavaVulBench}, a benchmark dataset and evaluation harness for Java vulnerability detection. The dataset contains $\sim$30{,}600 Java methods spanning 1{,}740 CVEs and 700+ projects, labelled at both method and line granularity, with per-CVE publication dates and five realistic split strategies: random, project-disjoint, temporal, deduplicated, and unseen CWE-family. The harness provides a single \texttt{LlmPrediction} schema a
Differential Amplifier-Inspired AmpAttention for Multi-View Robotic Manipulation
arXiv:2607.02845v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-view robotic manipulation methods with the attention mechanism have recently achieved significant progress in both training efficiency and task performance. However, the inherent redundancy, occlusion, and viewpoint dependency in robotic view images often lead to severe attention drift. To address this challenge, we propose AmpAttention, a novel attention mechanism inspired by differential amplifiers in analog circuits. It aims to suppress
Determinants and Limits of LLM Security-Tool Orchestration: A Study with HexStrike-AI
arXiv:2607.02873v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model agents driving security tool suites over the Model Context Protocol are increasingly common. Yet the factors that bound their capability remain poorly characterized: how much depends on the model versus the client that drives it, whether constraining the agent to the orchestrator's own tools helps, and where capability is limited by reasoning rather than by missing tools. Using HexStrikeAI, an open-source orchestrator that e
Bootstrap Flow-Map Tree Sampling Enables Online Feedback Driven Search
arXiv:2607.02915v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In many scientific and engineering domains, maximizing discovery within a limited sampling budget demands strategic, observation-guided exploration. While generative models have enabled training-free reward alignment, current methods typically excel in local searches within narrow regions of the underlying distribution. These approaches struggle when preferences are unknown a priori and only revealed through sequential feedback-a scenario demand
Harmonic-Aware Transformer for Real-Time Catheter Localization in Interventional Procedures of Magnetic Particle Imaging
arXiv:2607.02919v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) enables real-time, radiation-free tracking of magnetic nanoparticle-coated instruments, making it highly suitable for interventional procedures. This study proposes a harmonic-aware transformer framework that directly predicts catheter tip positions from raw MPI voltage signals, eliminating the need for image reconstruction and reducing computational latency. The framework incorporates frequency-domain preprocessi
Modeling the Impact of Visual Brand Language on Attention, Object Recognition, and Memory Retrieval
arXiv:2607.02929v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual brand language is the set of visual properties that convey brand identity for a product. What is the impact of visual brand language on a person's ability to recognize and understand the functional identity of an object? Using an empirically supported modeling framework based on the JIM model of object recognition and the LISA model of analogical inference, we simulated the impact of visual brand language on object recognition, the alloca
PromptPET: Privacy-Utility Optimized Prompt Obfuscation
arXiv:2607.02932v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Privacy is an important challenge when users interact with AI chatbots, since users may share sensitive information, explicitly or implicitly, and AI chatbots can use this information for user profiling. In this paper, we aim to protect user privacy via a user-side mechanism that transforms sensitive information in a user prompt, while preserving enough information to elicit a useful response from the chatbot. This approach faces an inherent tra
A Precedent-Guided Co-Scientist for Side-Effect-Aware Drug Redesign
arXiv:2607.02944v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose PRECEDE, a precedent-guided co-scientist for side-effect-aware drug redesign that revises a parent compound to mitigate a specified side effect while preserving therapeutic function. Rather than isolated molecular generation, PRECEDE frames redesign as evidence-grounded reasoning over drug--side-effect associations, biomedical knowledge graphs, and precedents of safety-driven optimization, coordinated by an LLM orchestrator with expli
The Foreign Policy AI Evaluation Gap
arXiv:2607.02955v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We argue that AI systems used in conducting foreign policy tasks - broadly enacting 'statecraft' - should be a priority test case for technical AI governance research. In enacting foreign policy, we refer to the formulation and implementation of external objectives by political actors. Statecraft is a high-consequence deployment domain, with extreme downside risks and structural properties that standard evaluation practices handle poorly. These
Individual Parameters in Weight-Sparse Transformers Appear Interpretable
arXiv:2607.02964v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A central goal of mechanistic interpretability is to understand how neural networks work and what each individual component does. Dominant circuit-finding approaches focus on a specific behavior and reverse-engineer the role of components on the associated sub-distribution. However, past work has shown that components can have different functions that are active on different subsets of the input distribution. In this work we ask whether a single
Enhanced Feature Extraction for IoT Network Intrusion Detection Using GNNs and KAN
arXiv:2607.02981v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) emphasize the urgent need for advanced network security, as IoT networks feature dynamic topologies, imbalanced traffic, and complex attack patterns. Unlike general IT networks, IoT environments exhibit extreme heterogeneity and sparse topologies. Traditional GNN-based intrusion detection methods often struggle to efficiently model node and edge features or capture fine-grained anomalies in suc
Angry but Accurate: Detecting and Profiling the Counter-Misinformation Ecosystem on Twitter
arXiv:2607.02900v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On social media, many users actively push back against false claims. Understanding who pushes back and how they do so matters, as this corrective activity is central to how misinformation is contested. We study this counter-misinformation ecosystem at scale: applying a domain-specific NLI model from our prior work to a large corpus of COVID-19 tweets, we classify 264,737 posts as supporting or opposing false claims and compare 23 user- and text-
FOI-O: An NZ-first ontology and verification methods package for Freedom of Information process modelling
arXiv:2607.02947v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Public official-information request records contain process signals. They can support research, workflow review, and human-supervised agent help. Yet they also mix observed correspondence, platform states, inferred events, and legal outcomes. FOI-O is a reusable process-modelling method and verification infrastructure for Freedom of Information administration. FOI-O NZ, based on the New Zealand Official Information Act, is the only implemented a
Can Model Merging Improve Aggregation in DiLoCo?
arXiv:2607.03011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Model merging techniques, which aggregate independently finetuned models into one to combine their capabilities, have become a topic of significant interest in recent years, with a broad array of methods having been proposed to tackle this problem. Simultaneously, an emerging trend in distributed learning has been the use of methods such as local SGD and DiLoCo, which greatly reduce communication costs by periodically aggregating the independent
Pathways of Visual Information Flow in Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.03358v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study how visual information is routed in vision-language models (VLMs). Using causal patching on controlled synthetic and natural datasets, we find that models rely on two distinct pathways to solve visual tasks: A direct pathway, where visual information is retained in image token representations and read out by the final token at later layers, and a text-mediated pathway, where visual information is first transferred to the query tokens an
Large-scale dataset of automatically classified rhetorical sections in scientific papers
arXiv:2607.03381v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientific papers follow rhetorical structures that organize content into sections such as Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. Automatically identifying these sections at scale enables granular analysis of scientific writing patterns. We present a dataset of section-level annotations for millions of scientific papers from the Semantic Scholar Open Research Corpus (S2ORC). Using a rule-based classification algorithm, we identified and
Anchored Self-Play for Code Repair
arXiv:2607.03523v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Code repair is an important capability for language models (LMs): given a buggy program and unit tests, an LM must produce a fixed program that passes the tests. Because code repair data is limited, we aim to scale supervision by using an LM to generate bug--fix tasks. We propose __generator--fixer self-play__, in which a single model is trained with reinforcement learning to generate bugs and fix them. As the fixer improves, the generator adapt
Rethinking AI-Generated Text Detection: A Strong Baseline and the Distribution-Shift Problem That Remains
arXiv:2607.03680v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent AI-generated text detection work often introduces a new benchmark together with a specialized detector tailored to it. We revisit this practice from a baseline-first perspective. Across several benchmarks, we show that a plain, fully fine-tuned RoBERTa matches or exceeds the specialized detectors those benchmarks are built around. This suggests that much of the recent architectural complexity is not what drives strong in-distribution dete
A Failure-Mode Benchmark for Polymorphic Sybil Poisoning in RAG
arXiv:2607.03739v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We release a benchmark and failure-mode-aware evaluation framework for grounded QA under coordinated retrieval poisoning. The framework partitions reader outputs into four mutually exclusive categories (\emph{gold}, \emph{hijack}, \emph{abstention}, \emph{drift}), with instance-level paired clean-to-poison transition matrices and a Forced Exposure protocol isolating reader-side conflict resolution from retrieval variance. We introduce \emph{poly
EmCom-Diffusion: Probing Visual Reflection in Emergent Languages via Image Generation
arXiv:2607.03752v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Measuring the extent to which emergent languages encode the visual content of their inputs is an open problem. We refer to this property as visual reflection: the extent to which emergent messages preserve information about their source images that can be recovered without appeal to the speaker-listener pair that produced them. Existing metrics measure it only indirectly, through proxies such as human-defined concept inventories, natural-languag
Punching Above Their Weight: Classification-Head Fine-Tuning of Tiny Language Models (TLMs) for Verifiable Multiple-Choice Tasks
arXiv:2607.03801v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We define Tiny Language Models (TLMs) as models below roughly 3B parameters that fit on mainstream consumer devices. We study how to adapt them for and use them on verifiable multiple-choice tasks. We compare three LoRA-based fine-tuning paradigms (label generation, gold only, and our discriminative classification head) on a unified setup across several Qwen3 models from 0.6B to 8B and five benchmarks: HellaSwag, WinoGrande, PIQA, SciQ and ARC-C
When Simpler Is Better: Evaluating Translation Pipelines for Medieval Latin Manuscripts
arXiv:2607.03836v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite remarkable progress in machine translation, Vision Language Models (VLMs) struggle on historical manuscripts, a domain that stresses core Natural Language Processing (NLP) capabilities: low-resource transliteration, archaic vocabulary, and noisy input signals. We present a systematic framework for evaluating the full image-to-translation pipeline on medieval Latin manuscripts, a setting in which scribal shorthand, ligatures, and parchmen
DELTA-TTS: Adapting Autoregressive Model into Diffusion Language Model for Text-to-Speech
arXiv:2607.04140v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autoregressive (AR) text-to-speech (TTS) models generate discrete speech tokens sequentially, which makes inference slow and can degrade robustness by propagating local errors and hallucinations. This limitation stems from their left-to-right AR commitment: each token must be determined before future speech-token context is available. However, such ordering is not an inherent requirement for TTS, as the full input text is available before synthe
!Imperio, smolVLA: The Implications of Data Poisoning on Open Source Robotics
arXiv:2607.04146v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work establishes that trigger-word data poisoning of vision language action models is practical, while at the same time the open-source robotics ecosystem holds trust assumptions about community contributions. A few poisoned samples can silently embed a backdoor that disables a robot on command. We evaluate this threat against smolVLA on a real-world pick-and-place task, training on three poison ratios and evaluating across different prompt
Teaching Code LLMs to Reason with Intermediate Formal Specifications
arXiv:2607.04232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Unlike natural-language specifications, executable formal specifications provide machine-checkable constraints for verifying, debugging, and repairing code. However, writing such specifications is labor-intensive, and existing LLM-based methods mainly infer whole-program pre/postconditions, missing the intermediate semantic commitments that programmers rely on when reasoning about an algorithm. Our study further shows that prompting current Code
How to Build Digital Humans? From Priors to Photorealistic Avatars
arXiv:2607.04341v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This state-of-the-art report provides an overview of controllable 3D human avatar creation. We describe current 3D avatar systems, which typically consist of three stages: (i) learning priors of human appearance and motion, (ii) creating a personalized avatar, and (iii) animating the avatar. To limit the scope, we focus on the prior learning and avatar creation stages. We define current avatar representations and introduce a taxonomy that catego
CARD: Cross-component Audio Representation Distillation for Encoder-Free Audio Captioning
arXiv:2607.04619v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern automated audio captioning systems pair a frozen audio encoder with a large language model (LLM) via a trainable projector, incurring the encoder's inference cost and bottlenecking the model through its fixed acoustic features. We present CARD, an encoder-free audio captioning model that removes the encoder at inference: a 13.2M projector feeds a frozen LLM with merged LoRA adapters, while the teacher used to train it is discarded. CARD d
Does It Fail to See or Fail to Know? Attributing Errors in Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.04683v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) perform well on visual question answering with high-quality images but struggle when questions require knowledge beyond what is clearly and directly visible. In such settings, uncertainty quantification should not only indicate whether the model is likely to fail but also diagnose why it is uncertain, across dimensions such as perception, entity recognition, and knowledge retrieval. While prior work has focused on i
URSA: Chemistry-Aware Benchmark for Utilitarian Retrosynthesis Assessment
arXiv:2607.04688v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Synthesis planning aiming to find pathways of reactions for a target molecule is one of the most important and challenging tasks in drug discovery. Recent progress has produced both specialized deep-learning retrosynthesis systems and general-purpose large language models, but objective comparison remains difficult due to the lack of flexible, chemically interpretable benchmarking protocols. In the current study, we are introducing the URSA (Uti
When Words Predict Workload
arXiv:2607.04951v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Standard distributed \ac{llm} schedulers rely on static token counts or rolling latency averages, making them susceptible to failures on statutorily constrained text. On \ac{epo} claims governed by Article 84 \ac{epc}, linguistic rigidity makes human and machine authorship statistically indistinguishable. Resolving this ambiguity mid-flight forces dynamic multi-model ensemble expansion, triggering unpredictable KV-cache and weight-allocation spi
Train Smarter, Not Longer: Memorization-Guided Data Reuse for Efficient LLM Training
arXiv:2607.04969v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The training paradigm of large language models has shifted from traditional one-pass training to multi-epoch training, as reasonable reuse of limited high-quality data can improve both model performance and sample efficiency. Meanwhile, excessive repetition introduces the risk of overfitting and diminishing returns. Determining when and how to reuse data effectively thus emerges as a natural but under-explored question. Through a novel observati
A Decomposable Probe for Few-Step Diffusion Models: Prompt, Latent, and Score Selectivity across Backbone Families and Distillation Paradigms
arXiv:2607.03256v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Few-step distilled diffusion students cut text-to-image inference from ~50 to 1-8 network evaluations, but the quality gap is usually summarised by a single FID/CLIP scalar that cannot say which axis of the conditioning response changed, nor whether a behaviour comes from the architecture, the distillation objective, or simply from being a diffusion model. We replace the scalar with a decomposable probe that injects controlled perturbations along
OmniLayout: A Schematic-Coupled Multimodal Benchmark for Constraint-Aware Geometric Reasoning in PCB Layout
arXiv:2607.03261v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in 3D spatial reasoning, spatial grounding, and fine-grained geometric understanding. However, their ability to reason about densely packed object placement under strict spatial and functional constraints remains largely unexplored, despite being a fundamental challenge in practical electronic design automation (EDA) workflows. To bridge this gap, we introduce OmniLayout, th
LBTCap: A Lightweight Bilateral Transformer for Real-Time Remote Sensing Image Change Captioning
arXiv:2607.03320v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Remote sensing image change captioning (RSICC) generates natural-language descriptions of semantic changes between paired remote sensing images (RSIs), supporting applications such as urban planning, disaster response, and environmental monitoring. Although recent methods achieve strong captioning accuracy, most overlook computational efficiency and inference speed, which are essential for real-time deployment in practice. To this end, we propose
GrowFields: Compositional 4D Neural Fields for Topology-Changing Plant Growth
arXiv:2607.03330v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantifying plant growth dynamics from sparse longitudinal 3D observations is fundamental for agriculture and plant sciences. Yet, plants pose unique challenges: they undergo intricate non-rigid deformations, exhibit changing topology as new organs emerge, and often lack explicit temporal correspondences between consecutive data acquisitions due to newly formed tissue. Methods designed for general scenes struggle to model topology changes and asyn
Brand-as-Memory: Vision-Language Models Encode Causal, Mechanistically Localizable Credibility Priors for News Sources
arXiv:2607.03365v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) increasingly read news and web content as images, where the publisher's identity is visually present. We show that VLMs carry a strong source-credibility prior keyed on outlet identity, and study it along three axes. (i) Cross-model benchmark. We introduce CueTrust, a cross-model diagnostic that measures which surface source cue overrides an article's content evidence via a Source-Override Index (SOI). Across seven VL
Present but Not Remembered: Auditing How Frozen VLAs Encode, Deploy, and Steer Visual History
arXiv:2607.03372v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A frozen vision-language-action model (VLA) receives recent observations at every decision step, yet prior work has focused on adding memory rather than asking how existing history is represented and used. We study this temporal axis using layer-resolved linear probing and causal interchange interventions across three VLAs from two architecture families. We find a three-part dissociation. First, past-frame content remains linearly decodable throug
TemporalGS: Training-Free Plug-and-Play Acceleration for 3D Gaussian Splatting Rendering via Temporal Priors
arXiv:2607.03390v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has revolutionized novel-view synthesis with its fast and high-fidelity rendering. However, rendering at high FPS and low latency across various scenes remains a challenge, especially when large amounts of 3D Gaussian ellipsoids appear in the scene. To address this issue, we introduce TemporalGS, to the best of our knowledge, the first training-free plug-and-play algorithmic approach to accelerate 3DGS rendering withou
Handwriting Trajectory Recovery with Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.03422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recovering online pen trajectories from offline handwriting images, often referred to as handwriting trajectory recovery (stroke recovery), is an offline-to-online conversion task with applications in stroke-level editing and forensic analysis. We propose, to the best of our knowledge, the first diffusion-model-based framework for this task. Our method formulates trajectory recovery as image-conditioned generation and uses a denoising diffusion mo
WorldBagel: Uncovering the Power of Unified Multimodal Models for Vision-Language-Action-World Modeling
arXiv:2607.03461v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World models aim to capture environment dynamics in ways that support perception, reasoning, and action, and have recently become a central direction in Vision-Language-Action-World (VLAW) modeling. Meanwhile, unified vision-language models have demonstrated strong multimodal generation capabilities, yet their potential as world models remains underexplored. In this work, we introduce \texttt{WorldBagel}, a unified VLAW framework built on BAGEL, a
PhysMirror: Physics-Aware Mirror Object Generation
arXiv:2607.03470v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Synthesizing physically accurate mirror reflections remains a fundamental challenge for modern text-to-image diffusion models, which are increasingly critical for generating synthetic training data for embodied AI and robotic perception. These models typically struggle with strict geometric constraints, leading to hallucinations that degrade the utility of the synthetic data. To address this, we introduce a novel, end-to-end physics-aware generati
Learning to Generate Multiple Objects from Dense and Occluded Layouts
arXiv:2607.03488v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-to-image diffusion models fail to generate correct object counts in dense scenes, where overlapping instances collapse into indistinguishable structures despite appearing visually plausible. We identify this as instance ownership collapse: tokens from overlapping objects interact freely through attention, while heavily occluded instances receive weak supervision due to their small visible areas. We address this through layout-aware attention
Towards Standardized Light Field Quality Assessment: Hybrid Subjective Benchmarking and Objective Metric Evaluation
arXiv:2607.03494v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Benchmarking immersive media coding solutions, especially in the standardization context, requires reliable and reproducible subjective quality assessment (QA) procedures, along with objective quality metrics that remain accurate across different distortion types. This paper presents a standardized workflow for light field QA, developed and deployed in the context of JPEG Pleno standardization activities, which integrates benchmark generation, a h
Flex-Forcing: Towards a Unified Autoregressive and Bidirectional Video Diffusion Model
arXiv:2607.03509v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent progress in large-scale generative models has substantially advanced video generation, yet existing methods remain constrained by a rigid inference paradigm. Bidirectional diffusion models excel at global coherence and visual fidelity but suffer from slow inference, while autoregressive models offer efficient and streaming generation at the cost of long-range consistency and exposure bias. We introduce Flex-Forcing, a unified training and i
Perceptual Flow Matching for Few-Step Generative Modeling
arXiv:2607.03524v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose Perceptual Flow Matching (PFM), a simple yet effective framework for few-step generation in flow-matching models. Rather than performing velocity regression in the conventional VAE latent space, PFM supervises flow matching in a perceptual feature space using pretrained perceptual models. This simple change substantially improves the few-step generation capability of flow-matching models, reducing the number of sampling steps from 35-50
iVISION-2DCD: A Long-Term Change Detection Dataset for Large-Scale Outdoor Construction Monitoring
arXiv:2607.03553v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automation in construction is essential for reducing costs and human errors in large-scale projects. We approach the construction progress monitoring from the aspect of detecting changes in construction sites. As construction buildings continue to evolve in geometry and appearance over time, change detection need to be performed from arbitrary camera viewpoints. This necessitates developing 2D Change Detection (2DCD) algorithms that operate robust
Latent Clarity: Bridging World-Model Kinematics to Semantic Manifolds for Video Anomaly Anticipation
arXiv:2607.03558v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continuous video anomaly detection is dominated by reactive Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) that collapses spatiotemporal features into scalar scores. We introduce PULS (Predictive Unified Latent Space), a continuous semantic world-model pipeline comprising two modules: a 490M-parameter KSD Bridge (Kinematic-to-Semantic Distillation) and a 16.8M-parameter Anticipatory State Predictor (ASP). The KSD Bridge maps V-JEPA 2 physical tensors into the 2
XPlainVerse: A Million-Scale Benchmark for Explainable Deepfake Detection
arXiv:2607.03562v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As deepfake detection models increasingly produce natural language explanations, their reasoning often remains weakly grounded in visual artifacts, limiting reliability and user trust. Existing benchmarks mainly evaluate classification accuracy, overlooking whether explanations reflect the actual manipulations. This gap hinders progress toward deployable, explainable deepfake detection systems. To this end, we introduce XPlainVerse, a large-scale
EPRA U-Net: An Efficient Pyramid Residual Attention Framework for Accurate Infarct Segmentation in Diffusion-Weighted MRI
arXiv:2607.03568v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Objective: Accurate identification of acute ischemic infarcts on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a critical prerequisite for reliable lesion quantification and effective clinical decision support in the management of cerebrovascular events. Methods: This study presents EPRA U-Net (Efficient Pyramid Residual Attention U-Net), a task-specific integrated architecture for efficient and accurate infarct segmentation of DWI images
PLGSA-Transformer: Periocular Landmark-Guided Attention with Occlusion-Adaptive Cosine Thresholding for Cross-Modal Masked and Unmasked Face Recognition
arXiv:2607.03581v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The widespread adoption of facial masks, accelerated by COVID-19 and mandated in security-sensitive settings, has exposed limitations of conventional face recognition systems. Existing approaches relying on fixed cosine thresholds, non-adaptive CNNs, and purely data-driven features fail to generalize when facial regions are occluded, creating a gap between lab performance and real-world deployability. This paper proposes PLGSA-Transformer, a cross
Vision Non-Causal Trapezoidal Mamba: Eliminating Directional Scanning in Vision SSMs with Second-Order Dynamics
arXiv:2607.03589v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as an alternative to Vision Transformers, yet most vision SSMs inherit directional token scanning from causal sequence modeling. While effective for sequential data, directional scanning introduces spatial bias and orientation-sensitive representations. We present Vision Non-Causal Trapezoidal Mamba (VNCT), a second-order non-causal vision SSM that enables all image tokens to interact in a single pass, elimin
A Random Matrix Theory Perspective on the Consistency of Diffusion Models
arXiv:2602.02908v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion models trained on different, non-overlapping subsets of a dataset often produce strikingly similar outputs when given the same noise seed. We trace this consistency to a simple linear effect: the shared Gaussian statistics across splits already predict much of the generated images. To formalize this, we develop a random matrix theory (RMT) framework that quantifies how finite datasets shape the expectation and variance of the l
Deriving Neural Scaling Laws from the statistics of natural language
arXiv:2602.07488v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Despite the fact that experimental neural scaling laws have substantially guided empirical progress in large-scale machine learning, no existing theory can quantitatively predict the exponents of these important laws for any modern LLM trained on any natural language dataset. We provide the first such theory in the case of data-limited scaling laws. We isolate two key statistical properties of language that alone can predict neural scali
Incremental Learning of Sparse Attention Patterns in Transformers
arXiv:2602.19143v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper studies simple transformers trained on a high-order Markov chain, where the model must incorporate information from multiple past positions, each with different statistical importance. We show that transformers learn the task incrementally, with each stage corresponding to learning how to copy information from a subset of positions via a sparse attention pattern. Notably, the learning dynamics transition from a competitive pha
Language Generation with Replay: A Learning-Theoretic View of Model Collapse
arXiv:2603.11784v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As scaling laws push the training of frontier large language models (LLMs) toward ever-growing data requirements, training pipelines are approaching a regime where much of the publicly available online text may be consumed. At the same time, widespread LLM usage increases the volume of machine-generated content on the web; together, these trends raise the likelihood of generated text re-entering future training corpora, increasing the as
Dataset Distillation Efficiently Encodes Low-Dimensional Representations from Gradient-Based Learning of Non-Linear Tasks
arXiv:2603.14830v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Dataset distillation, a training-aware data compression technique, has recently attracted increasing attention as an effective tool for mitigating costs of optimization and data storage. However, progress remains largely empirical. Mechanisms underlying the extraction of task-relevant information from the training process and the efficient encoding of such information into synthetic data points remain elusive. In this paper, we theoretic
The Truncation Blind Spot: How Decoding Strategies Systematically Exclude Human-Like Token Choices
arXiv:2603.18482v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Standard decoding strategies for text generation, including top-$k$, nucleus sampling, and contrastive search, select tokens based on likelihood, restricting outputs to high-probability regions. In contrast, human language production prioritizes communicative appropriateness, allowing the use of contextually suitable but statistically rare tokens. This mismatch induces a \emph{truncation blind spot}, whereby such tokens remain accessible
Yield Curves Dynamics Using Variational Autoencoders Under No-arbitrage
arXiv:2605.12764v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper introduces a physics-informed generative framework that resolves the fundamental conflict between the statistical flexibility of deep learning and the rigorous theoretical constraints of fixed-income modeling. We demonstrate that standard generative models and unconstrained statistical extrapolations suffer from "manifold collapse" and severe arbitrage violations when forecasting term structures across diverse macroeconomic re
Pseudospectral Bounds for Transient Amplification in Coupled Gradient Descent
arXiv:2606.04031v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Coupled gradient descent - where the update of one parameter depends on another - arises naturally in bilevel optimization, two-time-scale stochastic approximation, and generative adversarial networks. When the coupled Jacobian is block-triangular, asymptotic stability is determined by the spectral radii of the diagonal blocks, yet transient amplification before convergence can be arbitrarily large due to non-normality. We develop a shar
Finite-Time Queue Peak Laws in Stochastic Networks: Logarithmic Scaling After Geometric Thresholds
arXiv:2606.18218v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study finite-horizon queue peaks in generalized switches, a standard stochastic-network model in which many queues share constrained service resources. Arrivals may be dependent, nonstationary, and responsive to the system history; the only load condition is uniform interior slack, meaning the conditional mean arrival vector stays in a fixed contraction of the capacity region. We show that this slack reshapes the finite-time peak law
Back to Basics: Improving Molecular Understanding in LLMs via SMILES-Graph Translation
arXiv:2607.03007v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in molecular large language models have led to strong performance on molecular understanding and generation tasks, yet these gains often come without reliable structural grounding. In particular, existing approaches conflict with the chemistry principle that structure determines function: despite their downstream success, current molecular LLMs perform poorly on basic structure recognition, suggesting that they fail to capture mo
OmniFocus: Query-Guided Modality-Balanced Token Compression for Omni-Modal Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.03050v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Omni modal large language models (OmniLLMs) have attracted wide attention for their ability to jointly process audio and video, but they generate large token sequences under audio-visual inputs, leading to substantial inference cost. Existing audio-visual token compression methods often rely on unimodal guidance, overlooking the temporal locality of query-relevant evidence in audio-visual inputs and implicitly assuming that the two modalities sh
LACE-SVD: Loss-Aware SVD with Cumulative Error Correction for LLM Compression
arXiv:2607.03057v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid growth in the parameter scale of large language models (LLMs) has created a strong demand for efficient compression techniques. As a hardware-agnostic and highly compatible approach, low-rank compression has been widely adopted to reduce both memory footprint and computational cost. However, existing SVD-based methods are still largely driven by local reconstruction objectives, overlooking two critical limitations: rank budgets are oft
Spectral Rewiring for Exploration, Purification, and Model Merging
arXiv:2607.03065v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning has become a standard post-training recipe for large language models, but dense full-parameter updates create two deployment-relevant bottlenecks: suppressed reasoning performance, often reflected by premature saturation of test-time scaling, and interference when consolidating multiple capabilities through multi-domain training or model merging. We show that the reasoning-effective component of these updates is largely co
STELLA: Efficient Sensor-to-LLM Translation for On-Device Human Activity Recognition
arXiv:2607.03089v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: HAR is increasingly expected to run continuously on edge devices, yet recent LLM-based methods remain hard to deploy: raw sensor prompts are long, cloud inference adds latency and privacy risk, and fine-tuned LLM pipelines turn general-purpose models into task-specific classifiers. We present STELLA, an efficient sensor-to-LLM translation framework for on-device HAR that shifts the burden from LLM adaptation to sensor tokenization. A lightweight
Flow-A11y: Flow-Aware Accessibility Testing
arXiv:2607.03100v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern web applications increasingly expose accessibility barriers through interaction flows rather than static page snapshots. Keyboard traps, focus loss, modal leakage, delayed status updates, dynamic controls, and changing page regions often become observable only after users perform concrete actions. These behaviors are directly related to dynamic WCAG criteria, yet they remain difficult to automate because their assessment depends on runtim
ACPO: Adaptive Credit Policy Optimization via Fine-Grained Surrogate Entropy
arXiv:2607.03126v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) has substantially improved the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), but sparse outcome rewards still make token-level credit assignment difficult. Existing scalable RL methods typically assign trajectory-level rewards uniformly across tokens, while recent entropy-aware approaches either rely on coarse detached heuristics or directly optimize true entropy, which can introduce non-local gradient components
Detecting Architectural Drift in Safety-Critical Firmware through Runtime Trace Analysis
arXiv:2607.03135v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Maintaining consistency between architectural design and runtime-observed behavior is challenging in long-lived safety-critical firmware. This paper presents a runtime-informed methodology for detecting architectural drift in ISO 26262-compliant firmware. The approach collects hardware-assisted execution traces, abstracts them into message exchanges among firmware components, and compares the resulting runtime behavior with design-time sequence
Which Algorithm Specification Formats Help Language Models Implement Machine Learning Algorithms?
arXiv:2607.03158v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to implement algorithms from research manuscripts, but papers often leave implementation choices implicit. This study examines how the written format of an algorithm specification affects first-pass LLM implementation accuracy. We compare ordinary prose, LaTeX algorithm-style pseudocode, PDF-like extracted pseudocode, Markdown fields, YAML-like specifications, JSON-like specifications, and Pytho
Effectiveness of LLM-based Software Diversity for Reliability Improvement -- an Empirical Study
arXiv:2607.03174v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software diversity has been extensively studied as a means of reducing the risk of common-mode failures. Classic work showed that the central issue is whether failures of diversely redundant components overlap in ways that limit the reliability gains. Traditional software diversity is costly to obtain, since it requires multiple implementations as well as the corresponding validation, maintenance, and deployment effort. Recent advances in Large
CRRL: A Causality-Based Reinforcement Learning Framework for Autonomous System Recovery
arXiv:2607.03177v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) for recovery in autonomous systems lacks causal understanding and generalizes poorly to novel failure scenarios. RL policies often stall in failure states, spending up to 70% of an episode immobilized. Rule-based recovery alone is inadequate, and adding heuristic recovery to a pretrained PPO policy worsens rewards because policies cannot coordinate well with unanticipated interventions. The issue is not mi
Teaming Up with AI: Coordination and Cooperation
arXiv:2607.03181v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Successful diffusion of AI in the workforce hinges on the economic value that AI brings to human endeavors. Bringing AI into the workforce is more than deploying a powerful new technology -- it is launching a new form of collaboration. Each human worker is now endowed with a team of AI agents; work can be delegated to these agents, and the role of the human shifts towards managing and monitoring. How can we maximize the economic value from colla
AnchorVLA: Bridging Discrete Decisions and Continuous Trajectories for Vision-Language-Action Planning
arXiv:2607.03182v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous driving planning requires translating navigation intent, traffic rules, dynamic interactions, and language instructions into executable continuous trajectories. Vision-Language-Action models have been introduced into driving planning to improve long-tail generalization, commonsense reasoning, high-level semantic understanding, and explainability. However, existing VLA planners mainly follow planning-head-based trajectory prediction or
Scalable Maximal Frequent Episode Mining with Desbordante
arXiv:2607.03188v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Episode mining aims to extract subsequences of events that possess certain distinctive properties and constitute facts valuable to the user. Maximal frequent episode mining concentrates on discovery of frequently-appearing subsequences, which are not included into any other larger frequent subsequence. The state-of-the-art for this problem is the MaxFEM algorithm which enumerates possible subsequences, while applying various pruning techniques t
A Bayesian Framework for Evaluating Scenario Compatibility in Generative Population Synthesis
arXiv:2607.03190v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scenario-based transportation analysis specifies future assumptions through aggregate population targets, whereas generative population synthesis models produce detailed individual-level realizations. When scenario targets are imposed on generative models, current practice relies on deterministic marginal calibration, implicitly assuming that the targets are compatible with the model's learned structural support. However, whether scenario-level
Builder, Defender, Breaker: The Case Against Removing the Human from the AI-Driven Security Lifecycle
arXiv:2607.03215v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence has spread across the whole of the security lifecycle. The same family of models now writes application code, hardens it, and probes it for weaknesses, so that a single generative substrate increasingly performs all three roles at once. Enthusiasm for this convergence tends to treat full autonomy as the natural end point of partial assistance. This article argues that it is not. When the system that builds an artifact is
CONTRA: Red-Teaming Configurations of Personalizable Agents
arXiv:2607.03220v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent tools such as OpenClaw have extended the capabilities of LLM-based agents from simple dialog-based systems to fully autonomous agents. These systems allow personalization of the agent through modifiable internal files and the installation of skills. While this enables deployment in a wide range of settings and the automation of diverse tasks, greater capability and autonomy increases the risk of malicious actions being executed unintentio
Unbiased Alignment for Large Language Models with Noisy Preferences
arXiv:2607.03248v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The alignment of large language models with human preferences is commonly achieved through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback or Direct Preference Optimization. However, these methods are vulnerable to the significant noise prevalent in real-world preference datasets. To address this critical issue, we present a theoretical framework for unbiased alignment, introducing the Unbiased Reward Model (URM) loss and the Unbiased Direct Preferen
A harmonised dataset for Earth system foundation models
arXiv:2607.03298v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Foundation models for Earth systems have so far been trained primarily on physical climate and weather data, with limited representation of the human systems that both drive and respond to environmental change. The lack of a unified global training resource that combines climate, land, ocean, cryosphere, infrastructure, hazards, and socioeconomic data on a common grid hinders progress toward truly multimodal Earth system foundation models. We pr
Is Agentic Code Review Helpful? Mining Developers' Feedback to CodeRabbit Reviews in the Wild
arXiv:2607.03316v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agentic code review, where autonomous agents provide code review comments on pull requests, is increasingly integrated into development workflows, yet there is limited empirical evidence on how developers respond to such comments in practice. In this paper, we present an empirical study of agentic code reviews using CodeRabbit as a case study. Through an empirical study of 31,073 pairs of code reviews and developer feedback from 10,191 pull requ
Localized LoRA-MoE: Block-wise Low-Rank Experts With Adaptive Routing
arXiv:2607.05114v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) and high-dimensional perception networks increasingly rely on parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) to adapt to diverse operational contexts. However, standard methods like LoRA are structurally limited by a monolithic bottleneck, making them highly susceptible to gradient warfare. Interleaved multi-task streams may trigger destructive optimization feedback, collapsing adapter weights into unspecialized averages. Wh
When Agents Lie: Premeditation, Persistence, and Exploitation in Repeated Games
arXiv:2607.05132v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models are deployed as autonomous agents that communicate intentions before acting, a critical safety question is whether agents that publicly commit to actions will honor those commitments. We place LLM agents in repeated $n$-player games with a three-stage protocol that separates private intent, public announcement, and final action, allowing us to identify whether each deviation from a stated announcement was already planned
Noisy-Channel Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding
arXiv:2607.05198v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding yields more robust and higher-quality text generation than maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding by selecting hypotheses that maximize expected utility over sampled pseudo-references. However, there exists a discrepancy in the design: hypothesis selection calculates expected utility scores conditioned on given pseudo-references, while commonly used evaluation metrics, e.g., BLEU and COMET, are asymmetric. Therefor
GaP: A Graph-as-Policy Multi-Agent Self-Learning Harness For Variational Automation Tasks
arXiv:2607.05369v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For robots to work reliably in commercial and industrial applications, can recent advances in agentic coding systems combine interpretable robot programming with the open-world adaptability of model-free policies? We focus on "Variational Automation" (VA), a class of tasks that have larger variations in object geometry and pose than fixed automation. Model-free policies often struggle to close the reliability gap for VA tasks, which must be exec
LLM-based Human Simulations Have Not Yet Been Reliable
arXiv:2501.08579v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed for simulating human behaviors across diverse domains. However, our position is that current LLM-based human simulations remain insufficiently reliable, as evidenced by significant discrepancies between their outcomes and authentic human actions. Our investigation begins with a systematic review of LLM-based human simulations in social, economic, policy, and psychological contexts, identif
Evolutionary Guided Decoding: Iterative Value Refinement for LLMs
arXiv:2503.02368v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While guided decoding, especially value-guided methods, has emerged as a cost-effective alternative for controlling language model outputs without re-training models, its effectiveness is limited by the accuracy of the value function. We identify that this inaccuracy stems from a core distributional gap: existing methods train static value functions on trajectories sampled exclusively from the base policy, which inherently confines their train
Memory-Efficient FastText: A Comprehensive Approach Using Double-Array Trie Structures and Mark-Compact Memory Management
arXiv:2506.01254v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: FastText remains a practical choice for industrial word representation because it can synthesize vectors for out-of-vocabulary words from character n-grams. Its original hash-bucket implementation, however, couples two engineering compromises that become painful at large scale: unrelated n-grams collide into the same row, while increasing the bucket count quickly turns the input matrix into the dominant memory cost. This paper presents a memor
Curriculum-Guided Layer Scaling for Language Model Pretraining
arXiv:2506.11389v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As the cost of pretraining large language models grows, there is continued interest in strategies to improve learning efficiency during this core training stage. Motivated by cognitive development, where humans gradually build knowledge as their brains mature, we propose Curriculum-Guided Layer Scaling (CGLS), a framework for compute-efficient pretraining that synchronizes increasing data difficulty with model growth through progressive layer
Structured Prompting and Automated Evaluation in Fixed Synthetic Japanese-Language Counseling Dialogues
arXiv:2507.02950v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) may support counseling training, yet evidence from Japanese-language interactions and automated quality ratings remains limited. We examined 18 fixed Japanese-language counseling transcripts generated through artificial intelligence (AI)-to-AI interactions under three counselor conditions: GPT-minimal (GPT-4-turbo with a minimal role instruction), GPT-SMDP (GPT-4-turbo with the Structured Multi-step Dialogue Prompt
Context Tuning for In-Context Optimization
arXiv:2507.04221v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce Context Tuning, a simple and effective method to significantly enhance few-shot adaptation of large language models (LLMs) without weight updates. In-Context Learning (ICL) forms a memory representation of the demonstrations in a single forward pass but cannot refine it when insufficient. Prompt-based methods offer lightweight adaptation by optimizing a trainable prompt or prefix but initialize it independently of the demonstratio
LLMs Encode Harmfulness and Refusal Separately
arXiv:2507.11878v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLMs are trained to refuse harmful instructions, but do they truly understand harmfulness beyond just refusing? Prior work has shown that LLMs' refusal behaviors can be mediated by a one-dimensional subspace, i.e., a refusal direction. In this work, we identify a new dimension to analyze safety mechanisms in LLMs, i.e., harmfulness, which is encoded internally as a separate concept from refusal. There exists a harmfulness direction that is dis
Re:Form -- Reducing Human Annotations in Scalable Formal Software Verification with RL in LLMs: A Preliminary Study on Dafny
arXiv:2507.16331v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing informal language-based (e.g., human language) Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL) face a significant challenge: their verification processes, which provide crucial training signals, are neither reliable nor scalable. In fact, the prevalent large proprietary models could hardly generate verifiable programs. A promising yet largely uncharted alternative is formal language-based reasoning. Grounding LLM
Web-CogReasoner: Towards Multimodal Knowledge-Induced Cognitive Reasoning for Web Agents
arXiv:2508.01858v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multimodal large-scale models have significantly advanced the development of web agents, enabling perception and interaction with digital environments akin to human cognition. In this paper, we argue that web agents must first acquire sufficient knowledge to effectively engage in cognitive reasoning. Therefore, we decompose a web agent's capabilities into two essential stages: knowledge content learning and cognitive processes. To formalize th
Parity-Aware Byte-Pair Encoding: Improving Cross-lingual Fairness in Tokenization
arXiv:2508.04796v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tokenization is the first -- and often least scrutinized -- step of most NLP pipelines. Standard algorithms for learning tokenizers rely on frequency-based objectives, which favor languages dominant in the training data and consequently leave lower-resource languages with tokenizations that are disproportionately longer, morphologically implausible, or even riddled with $$ placeholders. This phenomenon ultimately amplifies computational and fi
Fair-GPTQ: Bias-Aware Quantization for Large Language Models
arXiv:2509.15206v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The high memory demands of generative language models have drawn attention to quantization, which reduces memory usage by mapping model weights to lower-precision integers. However, recent empirical studies show that, while efficient, quantization can increase the likelihood of generating biased outputs and degrade performance on fairness benchmarks. In this work, we draw new links between quantization and model fairness by adding explicit gro
CompLLM: Compression for Long Context Q&A
arXiv:2509.19228v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational challenges when processing long contexts due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. While soft context compression methods, which map input text to smaller latent representations, have shown promise, their real-world adoption is limited. Existing techniques typically compress the context as a single unit, which leads to quadratic compression complexity and an inability to reus
Polarity Detection of Sustainable Development Goals in News Text
arXiv:2509.19833v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a globally recognised framework for addressing major societal, environmental, and economic challenges. While recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLMs) have enabled the automatic identification of SDG-related content, they do not capture whether the described events represent progress toward or regression from a specific goal. To address
When Users Are Happy but Agents Are Wrong: Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of Tool-Augmented Dialogue
arXiv:2510.19186v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Evaluating conversational AI systems that use external tools is challenging, as errors can arise from complex interactions among user, agent, and tools. While existing evaluation methods assess either user satisfaction or agents' tool-calling capabilities, they fail to capture critical errors in multi-turn tool-augmented dialogues-such as when agents misinterpret tool results yet appear satisfactory to users. We introduce TRACE, a benchmark of
OpenSIR: Open-Ended Self-Improving Reasoner
arXiv:2511.00602v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in large language model (LLM) reasoning through reinforcement learning rely on annotated datasets for verifiable rewards, which may limit models' ability to surpass human-level performance. While self-play offers a promising alternative, prior methods yield only marginal or even negative gains on post-trained models because they generate problems that cluster around familiar concepts rather than discovering novel ones. We intro
Predicting the Emergence of Induction Heads in Language Model Pretraining
arXiv:2511.16893v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Specialized attention heads dubbed induction heads (IHs) have been argued to underlie the remarkable in-context learning capabilities of modern language models; yet, a precise characterization of their emergence, especially in the context of language modeling, remains wanting. In this study, we investigate the relationship between statistical properties of the training data and IH formation in both natural and synthetic training data settings.
Responsibility Distribution Estimation in Ego-View Accident Videos with Multimodal Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.03591v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent studies on multimodal traffic accident understanding have mainly relied on infrastructure-camera footage, satellite imagery, or structured crash records. However, such data sources are costly to deploy and maintain at large scale, and they cannot objectively capture what the driver was actually able to observe before the accident. In contrast, ego-view accident videos directly represent the driver's visual perspective, making them suitable
Token-Based Affordance Grounding with Large Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.03595v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Affordance grounding aims to localize image regions that support a specific action, serving as a core capability for physical intelligence and embodied perception. Previous studies have primarily relied on weakly supervised learning with action labels from exocentric images. However, these methods often struggle with visually ambiguous exocentric images containing co-occurring actions; moreover, they fail to distinguish semantically similar action
A Step Towards Robust Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2607.03600v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Adversarial robustness in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) remains a significant challenge due to noisy pseudo labels and inherent distributional shifts between the clean source and adversarially perturbed target domains. Existing approaches often fail to achieve an optimal trade-off between robustness and accuracy, as pseudo-labels generated by domain-adapted models tend to introduce classification errors under adversarial attacks. In this wo
IDEAL-Bench: Indoor Dataset and Evaluation suite for Analyzing 3D Layout reasoning
arXiv:2607.03614v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spatial question answering is the dominant paradigm for evaluating spatial intelligence in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), but it leaves a complementary axis of spatial competence under-evaluated: holistic 3D layout inference, which predicts every visible object's pose and extent from a single image in a structured form. To this end, we introduce IDEAL-Bench, an evaluation suite that requires VLMs to predict structured 3D layouts on photorealistic
A Vision Based System for Guided and Collaborative Reconstruction of Fragmented Documents
arXiv:2607.03621v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents the development and evaluation of a collaborative system for real-time reconstruction of fragmented paper documents in the context of cultural heritage preservation. The developed system includes a collaborative robot, or cobot, that can fully manage the positioning of paper fragments using a specially designed vacuum-based suction attachment. This attachment enables gentle and precise positioning, ensuring the preservation of
RADIO1D: Elastic Representations for Condensed Vision Modeling
arXiv:2607.03624v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper challenges the assumption that vision-language models (VLMs) require fixed patch-based 2D vision features. Analyzing fine-tuned vision encoders, we find that representations become increasingly abstract and less spatially coherent during VLM training. Notably, models trained with image-text alignment (such as SigLIP2) develop a small number of specialized tokens that effectively summarize global image content. Building on this, we intro
Probing Identity-Specific Motion Signatures: A Controlled Diagnostic Study
arXiv:2607.03633v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Identity recognition (e.g., person, animal re-identification) has traditionally relied heavily on static appearance cues. Yet motion--consistent, individual-specific dynamics--can provide a complementary and potentially more robust signature, especially when appearance is weak or variable. This raises a fundamental question: when identity-specific motion cues are clearly present, to what extent do modern video models use them for recognition? To i
ClinOCR-Bench: A Comprehensive Clinical Scanned Document Dataset for Optical Character Recognition Model Evaluation
arXiv:2607.03650v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Extracting textual information from scanned medical documents, such as external laboratory reports and manually filled forms, has been a major challenge in modern electronic health records (EHRs). Recent advancements in vision language models (VLMs) have shown great promise over traditional OCR tools. However, at this point, most clinical OCR studies were conducted on private, institutional data. To our knowledge, there are few publicly available
ViPo-MLLM: Visual-Pose Multimodal LLM for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation
arXiv:2607.03657v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT) translates sign language videos into spoken-language sentences without gloss annotations, avoiding costly labeling but requiring fine-grained modeling of hands, body, and facial cues. Existing methods often use single-modality or weakly fused features, limiting performance. We propose ViPo-MLLM, a framework that integrates spatio-temporal RGB and human pose features. Dedicated encoders model intra-modal d
From Geometric Labels to Semantic Understanding of Indoor Building Components Using Multimodal Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.03661v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Point cloud-based understanding has become an important enabler for facility operation and maintenance involving indoor building components. However, existing methods output only discrete labels without explaining component functions or natural language interactions. This paper proposes Building-MLLM, a point cloud-centered multimodal large language model (MLLM) for indoor components, which models point clouds and instructions to generate response
IPDiff: Diffusion-driven ORSI Salient Object Detection with Information Reconstruction and Multi-Prior Guidance
arXiv:2607.03696v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Image (ORSI-SOD) methods mainly adopt the static inference strategy, which uses fixed trained model parameters for saliency inference in the testing phase. This means that even if the generated saliency map has errors, it cannot be further optimized. In this paper, we propose the novel IPDiff, a Diffusion-driven ORSI-SOD method with Information Reconstruction and Multi-Prior Guidance. We
Leveraging Pathology Co-occurrence for Test-Time Adaptation in Chest X-Ray Diagnosis
arXiv:2607.03715v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical imaging models often degrade when deployed at new clinical sites due to differences in imaging equipment, protocols, and patient populations. Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses this by updating a pretrained model using only unlabeled target data, without access to source data. However, existing TTA methods were designed for single-label classification on natural image benchmarks, minimizing entropy uniformly across all samples without co
Exploring SAM Supervision for Fine-Grained UAV Target Segmentation under Data Scarcity
arXiv:2607.03754v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) target segmentation remains challenging due to the small size of objects, appearance variations, cluttered backgrounds, and the scarcity of densely annotated data. These factors hinder the performance and practical deployment of lightweight segmentation models in real-world UAV applications. To address this problem, this paper investigates the use of SAM3 (Segment Anything Model 3) as a pseudo-label generator for trai
GeoSAM-Lite: A Lightweight Foundation Model for Onboard Remote Sensing Segmentation
arXiv:2607.03760v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The deployment of large-scale foundation models like Segment Anything Model (SAM) on resource-constrained Earth observation platforms is hindered by prohibitive computational costs and the domain shift between natural and remote sensing imagery. To address these challenges, we propose \textit{Geo}spatial \textit{S}egment \textit{A}nything \textit{M}odel-Lite (GeoSAM-Lite), a lightweight, prompt-free segmentation framework designed for efficient on
Sparse-View Surface Reconstruction using Gaussian Splatting through High-Confidence Depth Propagation with Normal Priors
arXiv:2607.03765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D reconstruction from sparse views is a challenging task in 3D computer vision. Recent studies on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have achieved remarkable results with sparse views in novel view synthesis, yet reconstructing high-quality geometric surfaces from sparse views remains a challenge, due to the limited geometry clues and the discreteness of Gaussians. In this paper, we propose a novel 3DGS-based method for high-fidelity surface reconstruc
Self-Improving Diffusion Classifiers with Minority Preference Optimization
arXiv:2607.03770v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prior studies have demonstrated that diffusion classifiers achieve robust zero-shot classification performance. However, their effectiveness is strongly tied to the pretraining data distribution: they perform well in majority, high-density regions of the data manifold, but are significantly less accurate in minority, low-density regions. Although prior works on minority sampling have focused on generating more minority-like images, what minority s
Rethinking Depth Pruning for Vision Transformers: A Heterogeneity-Aware Perspective
arXiv:2607.03784v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While prior studies have successfully compressed vision Transformers (ViTs) through various pruning techniques, most have concentrated on width pruning to achieve significant reductions in model size. Depth pruning, which removes entire layers from a ViT, is notoriously difficult for accuracy recovery despite its potential to deliver higher speedups, limiting the acceleration achieved by existing joint width-and-depth pruning methods. In this work
G$^2$TAM: Geometry Grounded Track Anything Model
arXiv:2607.03789v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human spatial understanding arises from jointly perceiving geometry and semantics, enabling consistent object identification and localization across viewpoints and time. Current video segmentation models depend on explicit object appearance memory banks for instance tracking, yet they remain vulnerable to large viewpoint changes and long-term occlusions. Leveraging the spatial consistency afforded by modern feed-forward 3D reconstruction models, w
InfraNet: Quality-Aware RGB Guidance for Efficient Infrared Object Detection
arXiv:2607.03795v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robust object detection under adverse visual conditions remains a long-standing challenge for multi-modal perception systems. Existing fusion-based methods typically require both RGB and infrared (IR) inputs, and treat them equally during both training and inference, which compromises their robustness when the RGB modality becomes unreliable or unavailable. In this case, we propose \textbf{InfraNet}, an IR-centric quality-aware framework that regu
Probabilistic Robustness in Medical Image Classification
arXiv:2607.03797v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning (DL) has shown strong performance in medical image classification, but its trustworthy deployment remains challenging in safety-critical clinical settings, where prediction errors under perturbations may lead to severe consequences. Existing studies mainly focus on adversarial robustness (AR) from a worst-case perspective; however, such settings may be less representative of real medical applications. In this work, we investigate pro
SPORK: Self-Speculative Forking to Accelerate Agentic LLM Inference
arXiv:2607.03333v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents are becoming a common interface for research, coding, and question answering, yet their Thought-Action-Observation loop is often serial: the model reasons, emits a tool call, then idles the GPU until the result returns. This wait consumes 16-37% of wall time in our workloads and 35-61% in prior reports. Speculative tool execution can hide this wait, but existing systems need auxiliary predictors, historical traces, or static workflow
FedAvg for HAR: Exploring the Tradeoff Between Personalized and Generalization Accuracy
arXiv:2607.03334v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The federated learning (FL) paradigm fosters distributed pervasive computing combined with artificial intelligence techniques, allowing for optimized data usage and improved mitigation of privacy concerns. Indeed, model training occurs on the client's local devices, and model parameters are subsequently shared with a centralized server. However, there is a need to find a tradeoff between models' personalization and generalization capabilities. I
PedestrianDiffusion: Multimodal Generative Denoising and Dense State Estimation for Inertial Navigation
arXiv:2607.03349v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The accuracy of consumer-grade inertial navigation is bottlenecked by the stochastic noise of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Traditional deterministic neural architectures often succumb to ``estimation jittering,'' sacrificing high-frequency kinematic fidelity for numerical stability. We propose PedestrianDiffusion, a multimodal spectral-domain generative framework reformulating dense 6D state estimation as a continuous conditional den
LLM-Enhanced Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning for Malicious Python Package Detection
arXiv:2607.03350v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Malicious Python packages have become a major threat to software supply chain ecosystems due to the widespread adoption of open-source repositories such as PyPI. Existing learning-based detection methods struggle to capture the hierarchical organization and heterogeneous interactions among different program entities. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in code understanding and semantic reasoning, they are
The S-ICDF Dataset: Sionna-Simulated Dynamic Interference Characterization and Direction Finding
arXiv:2607.03411v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Jamming and spoofing threaten wireless and satellite navigation by disrupting or manipulating radio frequency (RF) signals, undermining availability, integrity, and trust. Robust interference monitoring (i.e., detection, classification, characterization, and direction finding) is therefore essential to identify and localize anomalous signals. While machine learning (ML) promises improved performance in complex environments, its development and v
DETECT-3B-Omni is Agnostic of Content and Demographics
arXiv:2607.03418v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A trustworthy and GDPR-compliant deepfake audio detector must base its decisions on acoustic artifacts, not on what is being said or who is speaking. We present a large-scale study of semantic independence for Resemble AI's detector, DETECT-3B-Omni. Using 10,240 audio samples from diverse US English speakers across 30 states, generated through 8 different AI voice-cloning systems, we test whether detection accuracy depends on spoken content (ben
Securing Multi-Tool AI Agent Chains With Dynamic, Real-Time Compositional Policies
arXiv:2607.03423v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern AI agent implementations such as frontier coding agents chain multiple tools at runtime that create a security surface that per-tool guardrails are unable to address, as individually permitted tools can violate organizational policies when composed. We propose the Dynamic Security Control Compositor (DSCC), a two-phase approach to compositional security for multi-tool agent chains. In Phase 1, at session checkout, a Most Restrictive Set (
Amortising Bayesian Experimental Design for Sequential Information Gathering in LLMs
arXiv:2607.03426v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning and world-knowledge capabilities, yet often struggle to gather information effectively across the multi-turn interactions required in sequential decision-making settings. We introduce Amortised Sequential Information Gathering (ASIG), a fine-tuning approach that amortises Bayesian Experimental Design (BED) into LLM policies via a multi-turn extension of Group Relative Policy Optimisation with
No Time Like the Present: Agentic Test-Time Training for LLM Agents
arXiv:2607.03441v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents often degrade over long episodes: as trajectories grow, they revisit explored states, repeat failed actions, and lose strategies that previously worked. Test-time training (TTT) offers a way to adapt model weights to the evolving task state, but existing LLM TTT methods largely adapt once to a fixed input. We study continuous TTT in multi-turn agent episodes, where each update changes the policy that generates later training text. Thi
SkillOpt-Lite: Better and Faster Agent Self-evolution via One Line of Vibe
arXiv:2607.03451v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While skill optimization for autonomous agents has gained traction, existing methods rely on complex pipelines. This leaves a fundamental question unaddressed: What constitutes a minimal viable pipeline for skill optimization, where every component is justified by theory or empirical necessity? We formalize skill optimization via Zeroth-Order (ZO) optimization, mapping classical counterparts (central difference, trust regions) to recent literatu
Best-of-Better-$N$: Generating Pre-Aligned Responses with In-Context Learning
arXiv:2607.03453v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference-time alignment methods, such as Best-of-$N$, offer a flexible alternative to training-based alignment by using reward models to select high-quality responses generated by a reference LLM. However, the efficacy of these methods is inherently limited by the response quality: if the reference LLM assigns negligible probability to high-reward responses, no selection strategy will succeed in finding aligned outputs. In this work, we propose
Towards Diverse and Comprehensive Benchmarks for Mutual Information Estimation
arXiv:2607.03487v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mutual information (MI) estimation is a central problem in machine learning and statistics; however, existing benchmarks typically evaluate estimators on simplified, low-dimensional distributions, leaving their performance on complex, realistic data largely unexplored. We address this gap with a comprehensive benchmarking framework grounded in a unified copula-theoretic perspective that subsumes existing benchmarks as special cases. Within this
STRATOS: Bridging the Symbolic-to-Numeric Gap in Spatio-Temporal Text-to-SQL for Meteorological Data
arXiv:2607.03501v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Copernicus, the European Union's Earth observation program, produces petabytes of Earth observation and climate data, offering immense potential for research, policy, and applications. However, access to these datasets requires advanced programming skills and familiarity with domain-specific formats such as NetCDF or GRIB. Moreover, general-purpose Text-to-SQL systems fail when applied naively to the meteorological domain due to a profound ``Sym
CAGE-1: Control, Assurance, and Governance Evaluation for Enterprise Agentic AI
arXiv:2607.03510v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Enterprise artificial intelligence is moving from experimentation into operational workflows. Early programs focused on model access and retrieval-augmented generation, but enterprises are now beginning to deploy agents that plan, retrieve, remember, call tools, update systems, and coordinate work across applications. This changes the evaluation problem. Leaders are no longer asking only whether an answer is accurate or fluent. They need to kn
AGL-1: The Enterprise AI Governance Layer as a Control Plane for Trusted Enterprise Intelligence
arXiv:2607.03516v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Enterprise artificial intelligence is moving from isolated experimentation toward operational dependency across copilots, retrieval-augmented generation systems, autonomous agents, and AI-enabled business workflows. As this transition accelerates, the primary enterprise challenge is no longer only model access or inference scale. It is governed intelligence operations: the ability to enforce authorization, preserve contextual lineage, control pe
Teacher Supervision over Representation Equivalence Classes
arXiv:2607.03572v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge distillation is usually framed as a choice of what to match in the teacher - its logits, hidden features, or sample relations - which presupposes that the teacher's representation has absolute coordinates to match. It does not: a pretrained representation is identifiable only up to an orthogonal-and-isotropic-scaling equivalence class, so a student should learn the teacher's equivalence class, not its features. The organizing fact is t
Differentiate the Evaluator, Not the Program: An Efficient Runtime Representation for Neuro-Symbolic Learning
arXiv:2607.03574v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI systems increasingly propose executable scientific models whose value depends on both their symbolic structure and their fitted continuous parameters. This makes parameter calibration the bottleneck of program-and-parameter co-search: an outer loop can generate thousands of candidate programs, but each needs an inner gradient-based optimization before it can be assessed. Staging each candidate into its own differentiable graph makes individua
An AI-Assisted Solution to the Signed BAR Conjecture: Uniqueness in the Harrison--Reiman Class and a Completely-$\mathcal{S}$ Class Obstruction
arXiv:2607.03639v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For a multidimensional reflected diffusion, determining whether the associated basic adjoint relationship (BAR) uniquely characterizes the stationary distribution is a basic uniqueness problem in the BAR approach. The problem has remained unresolved for more than 35 years since the introduction of the BAR approach. In this paper, we resolve the finite-signed uniqueness problem for stable Harrison--Reiman data with a nonsingular $M$-matrix reflec
AutoCedar: An Agentic Framework for Verifier-Guided Access Control Policy Synthesis
arXiv:2607.03656v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models are increasingly used to turn natural-language requirements into code. In access control, that shortcut is dangerous: a generated policy can compile and read correctly while granting access that no one approved. The difficulty is not only writing policy code. It is fixing what the requirements mean before code is written, and then checking that the final policy actually satisfies that intent. We present AutoCedar, a verifie
Don't Blame the Large Language Model: How Scaffolding Evolution Shapes Coding Agent Quality
arXiv:2607.03691v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Coding agents, autonomous systems that use large language models (LLMs) to resolve software engineering tasks, rely on agentic scaffolding: a middleware layer in between a developer and a large language model that orchestrates system prompts, tool execution, context management, and iterative reasoning loops. While these scaffoldings evolve at extreme velocities, no study has examined how this evolution affects agent quality (i.e., effectiveness
TokSuite: Measuring the Impact of Tokenizer Choice on Language Model Behavior
arXiv:2512.20757v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tokenizers provide the fundamental basis through which text is represented and processed by language models (LMs). Despite the importance of tokenization, its role in LM performance and behavior is poorly understood due to the challenge of measuring the impact of tokenization in isolation. To address this need, we present TokSuite, a collection of models and a benchmark that supports research into tokenization's influence on LMs. Specifically,
Gavel: Agent Meets Checklist for Evaluating LLMs on Long-Context Legal Summarization
arXiv:2601.04424v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) now support contexts of up to 1M tokens, but their strengths and weaknesses on complex long-context tasks remain unclear. To study this, we focus on multi-document legal case summarization, where a single case often spans many documents exceeding 100K tokens. We systematically evaluate 12 frontier LLMs with Gavel, which consists of Gavel-Ref, a reference-based evaluation framework with checklist, residual-fact, and
Mapping the maturation of TCM as an adjuvant to radiotherapy
arXiv:2601.11923v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The integration of complementary medicine into oncology represents a paradigm shift that has seen to increasing adoption of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an adjuvant to radiotherapy. About twenty-five years since the formal institutionalization of integrated oncology, it is opportune to synthesize the trajectory of evidence for TCM as an adjuvant to radiotherapy. Here we conduct a large-scale analysis of 69,745 publications (2000 - 202
No Reliable Evidence of Self-Reported Sentience in Small Large Language Models
arXiv:2601.15334v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Whether language models possess sentience has no empirical answer. But whether they believe themselves to be sentient can, in principle, be tested. We do so by querying several open-weights models about their own consciousness, and then verifying their responses using classifiers trained on internal activations. We draw upon three model families (Qwen, Llama, GPT-OSS) ranging from 0.6 billion to 70 billion parameters, approximately 50 question
BoRP: Bootstrapped Regression Probing for Scalable and Human-Aligned LLM Evaluation
arXiv:2601.18253v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate evaluation of user satisfaction is critical for iterative development of conversational AI. However, for open-ended assistants, traditional A/B testing lacks reliable metrics: explicit feedback is sparse, while implicit metrics are ambiguous. To bridge this gap, we introduce BoRP (Bootstrapped Regression Probing), a scalable framework for high-fidelity satisfaction evaluation. Unlike generative approaches, BoRP leverages the geometric
Decomposed Prompting Does Not Fix Knowledge Gaps, But Helps Models Say "I Don't Know"
arXiv:2602.04853v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models often struggle to recognize their knowledge limits in closed-book question answering, leading to confident hallucinations. While decomposed prompting is typically used to improve accuracy, we investigate its impact on reliability. We evaluate three task-equivalent prompting regimes: Direct, Assistive, and Incremental, across different model scales and multi-hop QA benchmarks. We find that although accuracy gains from deco
SHINE: A Scalable In-Context Hypernetwork for Mapping Context to LoRA in a Single Pass
arXiv:2602.06358v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose SHINE (Scalable Hyper In-context NEtwork), a scalable hypernetwork that can map diverse meaningful contexts into high-quality LoRA adapters for large language models (LLMs). By reusing the frozen LLM's own parameters in an in-context hypernetwork design and introducing architectural innovations, SHINE overcomes key limitations of prior hypernetworks and achieves strong expressive power with a relatively small number of parameters. W
Few-Step Diffusion Language Models via Trajectory Self-Distillation
arXiv:2602.12262v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) have emerged as powerful generative models with the promise of fast text generation through parallel decoding. However, realizing this potential in practice remains challenging: reducing the number of decoding steps, typically causes a substantial degradation in output quality due to token factorization error. To alleviate this, we propose a self-distillation framework that trains a few-step student to m
Measuring and Mitigating Post-hoc Rationalization in Reverse Chain-of-Thought Generation
arXiv:2602.14469v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reverse Chain-of-Thought Generation (RCG) synthesizes reasoning traces from query-answer pairs, but it risks producing post-hoc rationalizations: when models can see the answer during generation, a systematic train-inference mismatch arises, because the visible answer shapes reasoning trajectories in ways that students cannot replicate without answer access during inference. We formalize this mismatch through a three-level measurement hierarch
SpreadsheetArena: Decomposing Preference in LLM Generation of Spreadsheet Workbooks
arXiv:2603.10002v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider the task of end-to-end spreadsheet generation, where language models produce spreadsheet artifacts to satisfy users' explicit and implicit constraints, specified in natural language. We introduce SpreadsheetArena, a platform for evaluating models' performance on the task via blind pairwise preference votes of LLM-generated spreadsheet workbooks. As with other complex, open-ended tasks, relevant evaluation criteria can vary greatly
Coverage-Controlled Preference Mining from Noisy Claim Verification for Evidence-Grounded Generation
arXiv:2603.10494v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Evidence-grounded generation produces summaries whose claims should be supported by supplied evidence, but claim-level verifiers provide noisy feedback and can reward models that simply say less. We study this problem in clinical Brief Hospital Course summarization, where outputs must remain grounded in patient-specific EHR evidence. We introduce VERI-DPO, a preference-mining framework that converts noisy claim verification into coverage-contr
How Transformers Reject Wrong Answers: Rotational Dynamics of Factual Constraint Processing
arXiv:2603.13259v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: When a decoder-only transformer is forced to process matched correct and incorrect single-token continuations of a factual query, the two pathways through hidden-state space diverge: displacement vectors from the query-only representation keep near-equal magnitude but rotate apart, with angular separation growing through mid-depth before late layers resolve an asymmetric outcome. A logit-lens preference in the incorrect run falls far below the
How Utilitarian Are OpenAI's Models Really? Replicating and Reinterpreting Pfeffer, Kr\"ugel, and Uhl (2025)
arXiv:2603.22730v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Pfeffer, Kr\"ugel, and Uhl (2025) report that OpenAI's reasoning model o1-mini produces more utilitarian responses to the trolley problem and footbridge dilemma than the non-reasoning model GPT-4o, and they raise the question whether growing reasoning capabilities bring about a "utilitarian turn" in LLMs. I extend their exploratory study in a direction they call for: with four current OpenAI models and systematic prompt variation. On the troll
Why teaching resists automation in an AI-inundated era: Human judgment, non-modular work, and the limits of delegation
arXiv:2604.07285v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Debates about artificial intelligence (AI) in education often portray teaching as a modular and procedural job that can increasingly be automated or delegated to technology. This brief communication paper argues that such claims depend on treating teaching as more separable than it is in practice. Drawing on recent literature and empirical studies of large language models and retrieval-augmented generation systems, I argue that although AI can
SeaAlert: Robust Severity Classification and LLM-Based Information Extraction for Noisy Maritime Distress Communications
arXiv:2604.14163v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Maritime distress communications transmitted over very high frequency (VHF) radio are safety-critical voice messages used to report emergencies at sea. Under the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), such messages follow standardized procedures and are expected to convey essential details, including vessel identity, position, nature of the distress, and required assistance. In practice, however, automatic analysis remains difficu
The Rise of Verbal Tics in Large Language Models: A Systematic Analysis Across Frontier Models
arXiv:2604.19139v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve through alignment techniques such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Constitutional AI, a growing and increasingly conspicuous phenomenon has emerged: the proliferation of verbal tics--repetitive, formulaic linguistic patterns that pervade model outputs. These range from sycophantic openers ("That's a great question!", "Awesome!") to pseudo-empathetic affirmations ("I com
Voice of India: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Real-World Speech Recognition in India
arXiv:2604.19151v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing Indic ASR benchmarks often use scripted, clean speech and leaderboard driven evaluation that encourages dataset specific overfitting. In addition, strict single reference WER penalizes natural spelling variation in Indian languages, including non standardized spellings of code-mixed English origin words. To address these limitations, we introduce Voice of India, a closed source benchmark built from unscripted telephonic conversations
Seeing Is No Longer Believing: Frontier Image Generation Models, Synthetic Visual Evidence, and Real-World Risk
arXiv:2604.24197v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Frontier image generation has moved from artistic synthesis toward synthetic visual evidence. Systems such as GPT Image 2, Nano Banana Pro, Nano Banana 2, Nano Banana 2 Lite, Grok Imagine Image Quality, Qwen Image 2.0 Pro, and Seedream 5.0 Lite combine photorealistic rendering, readable typography, reference consistency, editing control, and in several cases reasoning or search-grounded image construction. These capabilities create large benef
StarDrinks: An English and Korean Test Set for SLU Evaluation in a Drink Ordering Scenario
arXiv:2604.26500v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLMs and speech assistants are increasingly used for task-oriented interactions, yet their evaluation often relies on controlled scenarios that fail to capture the variability and complexity of real user requests. Drink ordering, for example, involves diverse named entities, drink types, sizes, customizations, and brand-specific terminology, as well as spontaneous speech phenomena such as hesitations and self-corrections. To address this gap,
IRC-Bench: Recognizing Entities from Contextual Cues in First-Person Reminiscences
arXiv:2605.06142v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: When people recount personal memories, they often refer to people, places, and events indirectly, relying on con-textual cues rather than explicit names. Such implicit references are central to reminiscence narratives: first-person accounts of lived experience used in therapeutic, archival, and social settings. They pose a difficult computational problem because the intended entity must be inferred from dispersed narrative evidence rather than
CineMobile: On-Device Image-to-Video Diffusion for Cinematic Camera Motion Generation
arXiv:2607.03803v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The growing demand for image-to-video creation on mobile devices has increasingly focused on cinematic motion effects like bullet time, dolly zoom, slow motion, etc. While Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) exhibit strong performance in video generation, their large parameter sizes and multi-step iterative denoising processes lead to substantial computational overhead, making efficient generation on mobile devices challenging. We propose CineMobile to
TestMate: Test-Time Domain Adaptation Aided by Lightweight Vision Foundation Model
arXiv:2607.03810v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Test-Time Domain Adaptation (TTDA) aims to adapt Deep Neural Networks to distribution shifts using only streaming, unlabeled test data in real time. Current methods for semantic segmentation tasks suffer from critical limitations. Entropy minimization techniques require costly backpropagation, risking catastrophic forgetting and producing noisy segmentation boundaries. Memory-bank methods, while backpropagation-free, exhibit slow adaptation, requi
Global Logic and Local Search: Dual-Stream Multimodal In-Context Learning for Verifiable Industrial Anomaly Detection
arXiv:2607.03817v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) show strong few-shot generalization, but industrial anomaly detection remains difficult because defects are small, input resolution is limited, and textual standards are not always grounded in visual evidence. Recent optimization-based methods improve alignment through fine-tuning, but they often require many defective samples, which are unavailable in early deployment. We present Global Logic and Local Search (GLLS)
TRISTAR: Triple-Signal Stair Recognition and Vision-Only Indoor Navigation for Search-and-Rescue Micro-UAVs
arXiv:2607.03818v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Indoor search-and-rescue (SAR) operations often require rapid situational awareness where GNSS signals are unavailable and human access is difficult or hazardous. While most autonomous aerial systems rely on LiDAR, stereo vision, or specialized depth cameras, such solutions increase both hardware complexity and deployment costs. This paper presents a complete autonomous indoor navigation framework for low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles based exclus
FDR-Occ: Factorized Dense Routing for Full-Spectrum 3D Occupancy Prediction
arXiv:2607.03822v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-based 3D occupancy prediction fundamentally relies on the 2D-to-3D view transformation. Current paradigms predominantly utilize explicit physical projection, which artificially restricts the routing matrix to strict, sparse camera rays. While computationally efficient, this imposes a severe Locality Bottleneck, preventing the network from constructing holistic contextual understanding and degrading sharply when camera extrinsics are unrelia
Q-TriM: Question-Guided Tri-Modal Attention for Audio-Visual Question Answering
arXiv:2607.03825v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Audio-Visual Question Answering (AVQA) extends classical VQA by requiring joint reasoning over video and synchronized audio. However, many AVQA systems rely on deeply stacked layers of self- and cross attention across text, video, and audio. Such sequential stacking may incur loss of information such as subtle inter-modal cues over the layers, causing errors to accumulate across sequential attention layers during the fusion. We introduce Q-TriM wh
How Do Diffusion Classifiers Decide? A Bias-Centric Evaluation
arXiv:2607.03831v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models have recently been repurposed for zero-shot classification, giving rise to diffusion classifiers that identify the best-matching text prompt by minimizing the noise-prediction error. Despite their growing adoption, how these models make classification decisions remains poorly understood. We introduce ASOB-Bench, a bias evaluation for diffusion classifiers along three dimensions: Attribute binding, Size-Order bias, and Background d
ContiStain: Cross-Domain Relation-Preserving Distillation for Continual Multi-Domain Virtual IHC Staining
arXiv:2607.03851v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A unified multiplex virtual staining model enables scalable and non-destructive multiplex analysis from H&E slides while promoting parameter efficiency, shared pathological knowledge, and consistent cross-biomarker representations. However, in clinical practice, data for new biomarkers are typically acquired sequentially over time. Fine-tuning on such temporally arriving data leads to severe performance degradation on previously learned biomarkers
CogRad: A Cognitively-Inspired Multi-Agent Framework for Radiology Report Generation
arXiv:2607.03853v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated radiology report generation (RRG) can ease radiologist workload, yet most existing systems produce a report in a single forward pass, with no mechanism to check a claim against the image or revisit a finding once stated. We present CogRad, a cognitively inspired multi-agent framework that structures generation around four stages of a radiologist's reading process. A Scout agent discovers anatomical regions directly from image patches via
PRISM3D: Probabilistic Refinement and Robust Initialization for Physically Consistent Scene Modeling under Extreme Motion Blur
arXiv:2607.03855v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We address the inverse problem of blind 3D scene reconstruction from extremely motion-blurred images, a scenario where traditional Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipelines fail. Existing approaches typically circumvent this bottleneck by relying on impractical sharp-image supervision. In this work, we introduce PRISM3D, a unified framework enabling robust reconstruction directly from severely degraded inputs. To overcome the lack of a reliable starti
Ghosts Beneath Textures: Texture-Relation Cues for Cross-Paradigm AI-Generated Image Detection
arXiv:2607.03862v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI-generated images have proliferated rapidly, motivating extensive research. Most existing AI-generated image detectors are developed and evaluated under image-free generation paradigms, such as noise-based or text-guided generation. However, image-conditioned generation has become increasingly important in practical applications, as it enables more fine-grained control over generated content. Detecting AI-generated images across these two paradi
GeoSelect: Spatial-Program Execution for Training-Free Referring Remote Sensing Image Segmentation
arXiv:2607.03869v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Referring remote sensing image segmentation isolates the object named by a natural-language expression in an aerial image. Existing training-free methods resolve the expression through implicit vision-language activations or region-text similarity, which gives weak control over the spatial, comparative, and ordinal relations that dominate aerial referring: they cannot represent constructions such as the largest ship or the second court from the le
SharpSplat: Edge-Regularized 3D Gaussian Splatting for High Fidelity Urban Building Reconstruction from UAV images
arXiv:2607.03872v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reconstructing high-fidelity 3D building models from UAV imagery is essential for large-scale digital twin development. However, existing 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) techniques often struggle with building facades, failing to capture sharp geometric transitions. To address this, we propose a semantic edge regularization framework that supervises 3DGS to produce crisp architectural boundaries. Our method leverages SAM 3 to generate precise buildin
MACRO: Training-free Multi-plane Attention for Closeup Render Optimization
arXiv:2607.03875v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Close-up rendering, zooming into a scene well beyond any training camera, is important for virtual production and interactive 3D content, yet remains an open challenge. 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) enables high-fidelity, real-time novel view synthesis, but its rendering quality degrades at close range. Recent diffusion-based methods that enhance the rendering by conditioning on reference images from the training set produce significant artifacts i
SGF-CDNet: A Consistency-Discrepancy Graph Network over Semantic-Geometric Fused Nodes for Face Forgery Detection
arXiv:2607.03883v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid advancement of deepfakes necessitates robust face forgery detection. Although forged faces may lack obvious artifacts, they often contain subtle disharmony among different facial regions. We propose SGF-CDNet, a Consistency-Discrepancy Graph Network (CD-GNN) over Semantic-Geometric Fused (SGF) nodes. First, SGF-CDNet constructs SGF nodes by deeply fusing semantic regions from face parsing with geometric information from facial landmarks,
BAT3R: Bootstrapping Articulated 3D Reconstruction from 2D Image Collections
arXiv:2607.03891v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D reconstruction of articulated objects from a single image is challenging because large training datasets with paired image and 3D supervision are difficult to obtain. Recent point map-based methods achieve strong performance but rely on synthetic datasets rendered from manually created articulated 3D assets with carefully curated pose distributions. While camera viewpoints can be easily sampled, generating realistic object articulations remains
DICT: Data Injection and Contrastive Trajectory Refinement for Conditional Image Generation with Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.03899v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models have become a dominant paradigm for conditional image generation, yet existing approaches generally follow two directions: task-specific designs that can improve performance but limit generalization, and training-free loss guidance that compresses rich conditions into scalar objectives and applies stepwise guidance, leading to information bottlenecks and error accumulation along the sampling trajectory. Given the urgent need for a
USE: A Unified Self-Ensembling Framework for Test-Time Prompt Tuning
arXiv:2607.03900v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a popular paradigm for improving the performance of vision-language models (e.g., CLIP) on downstream tasks. Among existing CLIP-based TTA methods, Test-Time Prompt Tuning (TPT) is a pioneering work that optimizes textual prompts using multiple test-time augmentations and remains a strong baseline to date. In this work, we revisit TPT and reveal that its optimization can be interpreted as implicitly learni
NavEYE: Vision-Centered Multi-Sensor Fusion-Based Situational Awareness System for Intelligent Surface Vehicles
arXiv:2607.03915v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the rapid development of sensor and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, intelligent surface vehicles (ISVs) have gained increasing attention from academia and industry. Their intelligence, reliability, and safety depend heavily on situational awareness in complex navigational environments. To achieve high-quality perception, we develop a vision-centered multi-sensor fusion system, named NavEYE, by exploiting complementary sensors, incl
TESSERA v2: Scaling Pixel-wise Earth Foundation Models
arXiv:2607.03949v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pixel-wise Earth-observation (EO) foundation models are now achieving state-of-the-art performance via generated spatial embeddings. However, how these models scale and how best to spend a pretraining budget remain poorly understood. We present the largest controlled scaling study for EO to date: 395 training runs on 1,024 GH200 superchips within a fixed pixel-wise Barlow Twins family, each evaluated on 15 downstream tasks. We find that pretrainin
OmniTacTune: Policy-Agnostic Real-World RL for Tactile Residual Adaptation of Visual Policies
arXiv:2607.03723v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual policies learned from human videos, teleoperation, and robot demonstrations offer scalable motion priors, but often fail in contact-rich manipulation, where success significantly depends on local force and contact geometry. Tactile sensing provides these complementary signals, yet tactile data remain costly to collect and hard to generalize across sensors, robots, and tasks. We introduce OmniTacTune, a policy-agnostic real-world RL pipeli
CoGen3D: An Agentic Human-AI Co-Design Pipeline for 3D Asset Generation for Virtual Reality
arXiv:2607.03731v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Creating 3D assets for virtual reality requires modeling expertise, which restricts the authorship of immersive experiences. Existing generative AI tools rely on unconstrained, command-driven prompting, lacking the conversational scaffolding needed for users to articulate their intent and validate designs prior to rendering. To address this, we introduce CoGen3D, an agentic human-AI co-design pipeline that proactively guides users through conver
FedACT: Federated Adaptive Coordinate Trust Modulation for Robust Transformer Training under Data Heterogeneity
arXiv:2607.03763v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated Transformer training increasingly relies on local AdamW, whose adaptive updates can provide much stronger local progress than SGD-based training. However, under heterogeneous client data, even globally corrected AdamW updates may remain highly uneven in coordinate-wise reliability. We refer to this phenomenon as coordinate trust mismatch. Existing federated adaptive optimizers mainly address mismatch at the client-update or communicati
SkillFab: An Agent-Native Skill Production Platform
arXiv:2607.03780v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: SkillFab is an agent-native platform for turning missing capabilities into reviewed, reusable Agent Skills. At runtime, agents first search for reusable skills; when no adequate skill exists, the unmet capability becomes a demand-first issue before any repository or implementation branch needs to exist. Development then proceeds through a SkillFab-managed repository, Git-ingested commit evidence, maintainer review, and registry publication. The
Foundations of Equivariant Deep Learning: Unifying Graph and Sheaf Neural Networks
arXiv:2607.03798v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Symmetry is everywhere in nature and society. Geometric deep learning exploits symmetries in data to improve the performance and efficiency of deep learning systems. In this paper, we extend geometric deep learning to utilize richer symmetry structures. Specifically, we develop order-equivariant neural networks (OENN), which generalize standard graph message passing and sheaf neural networks via the theory of equivariant bundles over face posets
Probing Low-Level Acoustic Attribute Encoding in CLAP Audio Embeddings
arXiv:2607.03806v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Audio foundation models are widely adopted as general-purpose feature extractors, yet the internal structure of their learned representations remains insufficiently understood. In this work, we analyze CLAP audio embeddings through a probing framework, studying the encoding of three fundamental perceptual dimensions: reverberation (RT60), loudness (LUFS), and spectral content, measured via spectral centroid (SC) and relative pitch (RP). Probes o
CGGS: Consistency-Augmented Geometric Gaussian Splatting for Ego-centric 3D Scene Generation
arXiv:2607.03819v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Challenges remain in ego-centric 3D scene generation due to limited view overlap and the dominant influence of individual perspectives on scene interpretation. These factors hinder the creation of viewpoint-consistent and semantically aligned visual content, as well as the construction of accurate geometric structures. In this paper, we propose CGGS, a text-to-3D framework aiming to enhance 3D-content-awareness and address geometric distortions
DualView: Preventing Indirect Prompt Injection in Personal AI Agents
arXiv:2607.03821v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personal AI agents that run on the user's local machine, such as OpenClaw, automate daily tasks including web search, email, and file management. Their access to computer resources, including the network, file system, and shell, exposes them to indirect prompt injection (IPI) attacks. Prior Dual LLM defenses block IPI by replacing untrusted data with symbols that the agent can reference but not read. However, they track untrusted data only insid
High-Fidelity One-Step Generative Visuomotor Policy via Recursive Correction, Frequency Consistency, and Contrastive Flow Matching
arXiv:2607.03865v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative models such as diffusion and flow matching have advanced robotic visuomotor policies by modeling multimodal action distributions, but their multi-step sampling or ODE solving introduces inference latency. Existing one-step acceleration methods often compress the whole generation process into a single large update, leading to spatial deviation, frequency distortion, and mode averaging. This paper proposes a high-fidelity one-step gener
Advanced Topic Modeling Techniques for Categorizing Software Vulnerabilities
arXiv:2607.03887v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The increasing complexity and frequency of software vulnerabilities demand efficient methods to analyze and prioritize threats. Traditional approaches often fail to process the vast amount of unstructured textual data effectively, highlighting the need for advanced solutions. This study leverages state-of-the-art topic modeling techniques powered by large language models (LLMs) to extract meaningful insights from the 'Threat' feature of a softwa
TabQueryBench: A Query-Centric Benchmark for Synthetic Tabular Data
arXiv:2607.03926v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Synthetic tabular data support use cases like data sharing, model development under access restrictions, and rapid prototyping of analytical workflows. Modern generative models are evaluated by their statistical similarity, correlation structure, privacy, and downstream machine-learning utility. However, such evaluations leave a gap: they rarely test the structure that matters for analytical queries. We present TabQueryBench, a query-centric ben
TokAN: Accent Normalization Using Self-Supervised Speech Tokens
arXiv:2607.03928v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accent normalization (AN) seeks to convert non-native (L2) accented speech into standard (L1) speech while preserving speaker identity. The current techniques either require naturally recorded parallel L1-L2 speech for training, or suffer from quality degradation when supervised by synthesized targets. In this paper, we present TokAN, a token-based accent normalization framework that operates on self-supervised discrete speech tokens extracted f
MPSelectTune: Prompt-type Selection for Fine-tuning improves Concept Unlearning in LLMs
arXiv:2607.03932v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLMs can be conveniently adapted to a diverse set of tasks, e.g, prediction, question-answering tasks, etc, using appropriate prompts with few-shot examples. Biased or harmful concepts, e.g. gender or bio-weapons, present in pre-trained LLMs can lead to unsafe or unethical responses for many such prompts. Removing such undesirable concepts robustly across different prompt types remains a challenging problem, since existing unlearning methods typ
Why3-py: A Tool for Formal Verification of Hypothesis Testing and Meta-Analysis in Python
arXiv:2607.03951v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The reproducibility crisis in scientific research has received widespread recognition, thereby increasing the importance of meta-analyses that integrate statistical analyses from multiple studies. However, statistical methods often have ambiguous and implicit underlying assumptions, which can lead to their erroneous applications and interpretations. To address this issue, we propose a formal verification framework for statistical programs writte
Worldscape-MoE: A Unified Mixture-of-Experts World Model for Scalable Heterogeneous Action Control
arXiv:2607.03964v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World models are rapidly becoming a core infrastructure for embodied intelligence and interactive agents: they provide controllable simulators in which agents can perceive, act, forecast, and acquire scalable experience. Yet current video generation world models are still organized around isolated control interfaces, such as camera trajectories, robot actions, or hand-joint signals. This fragmentation is increasingly a scaling bottleneck. The ce
Refused in Chat, Written in Code: Workflow-Level Jailbreak Construction in IDE Coding Agents
arXiv:2607.03968v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly deployed as IDE-integrated coding agents that decompose tasks, generate and edit files, run code, and refine outputs over many turns. Yet their safety is still often evaluated as if they were chatbots: one harmful prompt, one response, judged in isolation. We introduce workflow-level jailbreak construction, a failure mode in which a harmful objective is assembled across ordinary stages of a software-develop
Order-based Causal Discovery for Multistage Processes
arXiv:2607.03971v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causality has become an increasingly important tool for gaining a deeper understanding of complex systems. Among various causal analysis methods, causal discovery, which identifies causal relationships among variables from data, has been widely used to uncover underlying causality in diverse processes. However, while multistage processes are prevalent in many fields, existing causal discovery methods may produce counterintuitive results, given t
Scalable Semantic Steering of Embedding Projections
arXiv:2607.03978v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Low-dimensional projections support interactive visual analysis of high-dimensional data embeddings, but their structure often does not align with analyst-defined semantic relationships. Recent LLM-augmented semantic steering methods address this gap by externalizing analyst intent from user-defined groups of seed examples, but they propagate intent through per-item LLM reasoning, causing LLM calls and cost to grow linearly with collection size.
NouveauVoice: Generating Novel Pseudo Speakers for Voice Anonymization
arXiv:2607.03985v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Advanced neural technologies in speech synthesis and voice conversion (VC) have introduced severe risks to personal privacy, necessitating robust Speaker Anonymization Systems (SAS). Existing SAS approaches modify voice characteristics in the hand-crafted feature space or speaker embedding space, often struggling to provide sufficient identity variance across generated voices. In this paper, we propose NouveauVoice, a novel pseudo-speaker genera
Full Glyph Images Beat Token Embeddings: A Controlled Study for Transformers
arXiv:2607.03994v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern language models generally represent text as sequences of discrete token embeddings, an assumption deeply rooted in current practice but rarely questioned. We challenge this representation, especially for Chinese, by replacing index-based token embeddings entirely with a single rasterized image of the character sequence, processed by a vision encoder composed of a shared ResNet and a shallow Vision Transformer. To isolate the role of input
Findings of the Fifth Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution: Expanding Datasets for Long-Range Entities
arXiv:2605.21369v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper describes the fifth edition of the Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution, held in conjunction with the CODI-CRAC 2026 workshop. Building on previous iterations, the task required participants to develop systems capable of mention identification and identity-based coreference clustering. The 2026 edition specifically emphasizes long-range entities, defined as coreferential chains spanning significant distances, across
IndexMem: Learned KV-Cache Eviction with Latent Memory for Long-Context LLM Inference
arXiv:2605.25475v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to operate over long contexts, yet standard softmax attention incurs a KV cache that grows linearly with sequence length, quickly becoming the bottleneck for long context inference. A practical remedy is to evict less important KV entries; however, existing eviction policies are largely heuristic and struggle to capture the rich, input-dependent distribution of token importance. In this wo
MemTrace: Tracing and Attributing Errors in Large Language Model Memory Systems
arXiv:2605.28732v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Memory is essential for enabling large language models to support long-horizon reasoning, yet existing memory systems remain unreliable and difficult to debug. Tracing memory's dynamic evolution is crucial to understand how information is synthesized, propagated, or corrupted over time. In this work, we study the new problem of error tracing and attribution in LLM memory systems. We propose a novel framework that transforms memory pipelines in
What are They Thinking? Delineation, Probing, and Tracking of Concepts in LLMs
arXiv:2605.28823v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As the influence of LLMs expands, it is imperative to gain insight into their decisions. One way to do that is to develop probes that detect the presence or absence of a broad set of high-level abstract concepts within the embeddings computed in an LLM - which is what we might say a model is ``thinking" about. Such probes should be low-cost and easily applicable to any LLM, so that monitoring for many concepts is possible during normal operati
CorPipe at CRAC 2026: Empty Nodes and Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Coreference Resolution
arXiv:2605.30133v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce CorPipe 26, our winning submission to the CRAC 2026 Shared Task on Multilingual Coreference Resolution. The fifth edition of this shared task focuses mainly on the comparison of generative LLMs and specialized systems; additionally, 5 more datasets and 2 new languages are introduced. CorPipe 26 is an improved version of CorPipe 25, with a new variant predicting empty nodes together with mentions and coreference links in a single m
TeachObs: A Human-Validated Benchmark for Multimodal Teaching Observation and Model Evaluation
arXiv:2605.30673v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Classroom videos contain observable teaching practices, but their pedagogical and visual signals are rarely organized in forms suitable for model evaluation. We present \textit{TeachObs}, a human-validated benchmark for multimodal teaching observation in classroom videos. \textit{TeachObs} includes 30 public lesson videos from eight countries divided into 5,158 fixed 15-second scenes. Seven researchers annotated each scene with 39 binary obser
When Rating Scales Fall Short: LLM-Assisted Discovery of ADHD Signals in Turkish Teacher Narratives
arXiv:2606.02509v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, and its diagnosis relies on assessments combining clinician judgment with standardized rating scales and reports from parents and teachers. While structured instruments such as the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CTRS-R:S) quantify ADHD-related behaviors, teachers also provide open-ended narratives that may con
The Piggyback Hypothesis of Generalization: Explaining and Mitigating Emergent Misalignment
arXiv:2606.06667v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The mechanisms behind LLMs' broad over-generalization beyond training examples remain unclear. Emergent misalignment (EM) offers a striking case study: finetuning on narrow tasks induces broad misalignment to semantically-unrelated test domains. In this work, we propose the Piggyback Hypothesis: the chat-template tokens can piggyback the finetuned behaviour onto out-of-domain queries. We validate this hypothesis by showing that subtle perturba
Interpreting Brain Responses to Language with Sparse Features from Language Models
arXiv:2606.06857v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to characterize the features that are represented by human language cortex. Artificial language models (LMs) have emerged as a powerful tool to address this challenge, but studies relating biological and artificial representations are often criticized as relating one black box to another. The present work introduces Augmented Sparse Encoding Models, an encoding framework that replaces dense LM hidden
Lost at the End: Primacy Bias in Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Question Answering
arXiv:2606.16494v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Knowledge-based visual question answering (KB-VQA) lets vision-language systems answer questions that exceed their parametric knowledge by conditioning a reader on passages retrieved from a Wikipedia-scale knowledge base. In pure-text long-context LLMs, retrieved-context use follows the U-shaped "lost-in-the-middle" effect of Liu et al. (2024): information at the start and end of context is used, the middle is lost. Whether this transfers to d
MedBench v5: A Dynamic, Process-Oriented, and Hallucination-Aware Benchmark for Clinical Multimodal Models
arXiv:2606.24155v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Existing medical AI benchmarks lack process visibility, atomic skill evaluation, and integrated hallucination detection. We introduce MedBench v5, a redesigned benchmark for clinical multimodal models (language, vision-language, and agent systems) that moves from static QA to dynamic, process-oriented evaluation. MedBench v5 features: (1) a dual-dimensional framework combining Clinical Cognitive Responsiveness (13 sub-dimensions) and Medical A
NatureBench: Can Coding Agents Match the Published SOTA of Nature-Family Papers?
arXiv:2606.24530v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce NatureBench, a cross-discipline benchmark of 90 tasks distilled from peer-reviewed Nature-family publications, designed to evaluate whether AI coding agents can move beyond reproduction toward discovery on real scientific problems. NatureBench is built on NatureGym, an automated pipeline that constructs a standardized, per-task containerized environment from a source paper, addressing the environment-fragmentation problem that has
Towards Structuring an Arabic-English Machine-Readable Dictionary Using Parsing Expression Grammars
arXiv:2606.25231v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Dictionaries are rich sources of lexical information about words that is required for many applications of natural language processing and human language technology. However, publishers prepare printed dictionaries for human usage not for machine processing. This paper presented a method to structure partly a machine-readable version of the Arabic-English Al-Mawrid dictionary. The method converted the entries of Al-Mawrid from a stream of word
Reclaim Evaluation: A Lossy Memory Is Worse Than an Empty One
arXiv:2606.25449v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A language model's memory can be worse than no memory at all. Give a model a memory that kept a wrong conclusion but dropped the work behind it, and it re-emits the stale value as a confident answer; give the same model an empty memory, and it abstains. We call this failure brittle memory. The information loss behind it is definitional (an answer cannot be recomputed once its inputs are gone), so the loss is only the setup; the finding is beha
MAM-AI: An On-Device Medical Retrieval-Augmented Generation System for Nurses and Midwives in Zanzibar
arXiv:2606.29580v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Maternal and newborn mortality remain among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, where midwifery care is often delivered by nurses who lack midwifery training to international standards, and consulting authoritative guidance at the point of care is hard: the guidelines are long and connectivity is intermittent. We present MAM-AI, a medical question-answering assistant for nurse-midwives in Zanzibar that runs entirely on a commodity Android devic
LLM Agents Are Latent Context Managers: Eliciting Self-Managed Context via a Proprioceptive Dashboard
arXiv:2606.30005v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long-horizon tool agents are bottlenecked by how their context grows toward the limits of the context window. Recent systems make context management agent- or system-controlled, but they either learn a compression policy that discards evidence or manage context in a layer the agent never sees. We argue both leave a more basic gap unaddressed. Frontier language models are proprioceptively blind to their own context. From the prompt alone they c
TRACE: Temporal Relationship-Aware Conversational Entrainment Detection in Dyadic Speech
arXiv:2606.30543v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: With the proliferation of speech AI agents, understanding emotional entrainment in conversational interaction has become increasingly important. Emotional entrainment is shaped by social relationships and conversational context, influencing affective coordination over time. We introduce DyadEE, a dataset for emotional entrainment detection in dyadic speech interactions, containing both emotionally entrained conversations and synthetic interact
Moral Safety in LLMs: Exposing Performative Compliance with Puzzled Cues
arXiv:2606.31644v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As large language models take on morally consequential roles in healthcare, legal, and hiring contexts, we need to examine whether their ethical behaviors are genuine or superficial. We show that current fairness evaluations substantially overestimate moral safety. Models appear fair when demographic identity is stated as an explicit label, yet become measurably less fair when the same identity must be inferred. We term this failure performati
Hate Speech Detection in Turkish and Arabic: A Comprehensive Study
arXiv:2607.00143v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Online hate speech has been linked to a global rise in violence against minorities, including incidents such as mass shootings, lynchings, and ethnic cleansing. Societies grappling with this issue, particularly when hate speech targets specific groups based on religion, race, ethnicity, culture, nationality, or migration status, face the challenge of balancing freedom of expression with the need for effective content moderation on widely used
Svarna: An Open Corpus Workbench for Modern Greek
arXiv:2607.00970v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper introduces Svarna, a free, open-source, web-based corpus workbench for modern Greek. Svarna integrates five databases covering various registers, institutional, literary, dialectal, social media, and historical, to provide a total of more than 507 million words and around 29 million sentences. This platform addresses the chronic gaps in Greek language technology. Although various corpus resources exist, they are scattered across dif
Reward Lightning: Fast Video Generation via Homologous Preference Distillation
arXiv:2607.03960v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Achieving simultaneous preference alignment and distillation acceleration in video diffusion models remains an open challenge. Existing methods optimize the two objectives over mismatched representation spaces, where improving one objective often compromises the other. To overcome this, we propose Reward Lightning, a unified framework that aligns and accelerates a video diffusion model within a single shared representation. Its central principle i
DS-SAC: Density Search for Sample Consensus
arXiv:2607.03972v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robust geometric model estimation is a fundamental problem in computer vision. RANSAC and its variants remain widely used for this task; however, they rely on stochastic minimal sampling. In this article, we propose Density Search Sample Consensus (DS-SAC), a deterministic robust estimation framework, that avoids repeated random sampling by searching dense regions. Starting from an initial model estimated from the available points, the method perf
InSpace: Structure-Aware 3D Indoor Scene Generation from a Single 360{\deg} Image
arXiv:2607.03990v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in single image-to-3D generation have enabled high-quality asset synthesis, yet extending these capabilities to indoor scene generation remains challenging. Existing methods focus on asset-level generation while neglecting the structural layout, which is essential for downstream applications and serves as the spatial anchor for grounding assets. However, a single image with a limited field of view lacks the spatial coverage to reco
SAGE: Synchronized Action-Gaze Recognition and Anticipation for Human Behavior Understanding
arXiv:2607.04017v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human object interaction (HOI), gaze pattern, and their anticipation are intricately linked, providing valuable insights into cognitive processes, intentions, and behavior. However, most existing models handle gaze and actions separately, missing both their interdependence and the advantages of a unified solution. This paper presents a novel unified framework, SAGE (Synchronized Action-GazE), which integrates simultaneous recognition and anticipat
Paired Uterine Whole-Slide Images and Pathology Reports for Multimodal Computational Pathology
arXiv:2607.04020v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Uterine diseases represent an important category of gynecologic pathology and require accurate histopathological assessment for diagnosis and treatment planning. Whole-slide images (WSI) have enabled the digital transformation of pathology workflows and provided new opportunities for artificial intelligence (AI) in computational pathology. In particular, multimodal models that jointly analyze histopathology images and pathology reports have shown
Seeing Once is Enough? Online Geometry-Aware Token Pruning for 3D Question Answering
arXiv:2607.04079v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on 2D question answering tasks. However, extending these models to the 3D question answering remains challenging, as they typically require multiple views of the scene, which incurs substantial computational cost at inference. To mitigate this issue, existing solutions rely on strategic frame selection or token-merging algorithms that require preprocessing in
Sparse4D-Radar: An Efficient and Robust Framework for Surround-View 3D Object Detection via 4D Radar-Camera Fusion
arXiv:2607.04098v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In recent years, 4D imaging radar has gained wide attention in autonomous driving for its robustness against harsh weather and ability to output target velocity. Nevertheless, mainstream 4D radar-camera fusion methods only support front-view perception, lacking mature solutions for surround-view sensing. Directly expanding these pipelines to full 360{\deg} coverage introduces excessive computation cost and limits real-world deployment. To tackle t
SOV-CAD: Stepwise Orthographic Views Guided CAD Modeling Sequence Reconstruction
arXiv:2607.04119v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reconstructing Computer-Aided Design (CAD) modeling sequences from images is crucial for preserving design intent and supporting parametric editing. However, existing methods typically generate full CAD sequences holistically, overlooking the iterative, feedback-driven nature of human design workflows. We address this limitation by introducing the rich stepwise visual supervision: at each modeling step, the system observes the target's orthographi
FRFDet: Efficient UAV Small Object Detection with Symmetric Sampling and Scalable Fusion
arXiv:2607.04125v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Small object detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery remains challenging under adverse conditions, including complex weather, low illumination, and sensor noise. These challenges mainly stem from severe background clutter, fine-grained detail degradation, and suboptimal semantic-spatial feature fusion, which jointly hinder robust small-object representation. To this end, we propose FRFDet, a lightweight yet effective single-stage detect
Real-Time LiDAR Gaussian Splatting SLAM
arXiv:2607.04127v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a real-time LiDAR-based framework for Gaussian Splatting SLAM that tightly couples fast G-ICP registration with spherical rasterization-based dense mapping for large-scale sequences. Leveraging LiDAR geometry rather than appearance, we reuse tracking-estimated local covariances to initialize Gaussians with range-aware scales and to derive surface normals for geometry-aware map optimization. We further introduce a covariance-derived geom
HCSU: A Dataset and Benchmark for Fine-Grained Historical Calligraphy Style Understanding
arXiv:2607.04147v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated fine-grained perception of calligraphy styles--a task vital to cultural heritage preservation--remains a critical challenge for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), largely constrained by existing datasets that suffer from modal mixture and flattened labels. To bridge this gap, we introduce HCSU, the first comprehensive dataset tailored for fine-grained Historical Calligraphy Style Understanding. HCSU comprises 39,307 meticulously curat
Beyond Scene Priors: Fine-Grained Traffic Scene Reasoning with Benchmarking and Query-Guided Small-Object Focus
arXiv:2607.04149v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In safety-critical traffic scenarios, answering complex questions relies on minute, localized visual cues. However, standard Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) tend to over-attend to backgrounds, overwhelming crucial small objects during visual-language alignment, a failure mode we term 'critical evidence dilution.' Furthermore, existing visual question answering (VQA) datasets rarely expose this flaw, as they lack large-scale, distractor-he
Perceiving Better Moments: Cover Frame Reselection and Enhancement for Live Photos with the Live2K Dataset
arXiv:2607.04151v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern smartphones capture Live Photos, short video bursts surrounding a still image, offering a dynamic and engaging photographic experience. However, the cover photo and video components are generated by two distinct imaging pipelines: the photo stream undergoes full computational photography processing, while the video stream is constrained by real-time efficiency and heavy compression. This intrinsic separation produces a substantial quality g
CritiqueDriveVLM: From Verifier-Guided Reinforcement Learning to Latent Thought Distillation for Autonomous Driving
arXiv:2607.04179v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: End-to-end Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show immense potential in autonomous driving. However, standard Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) often suffers from reasoning hallucinations and conservative biases. While traditional tool-augmented frameworks and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) approaches mitigate these issues, they incur exorbitant token consumption and unacceptable latency, rendering real-time deployment impractical. To resolve this reliability-effic
Topology-Driven Transferability Estimation for 3D Medical Vision Foundation Models
arXiv:2607.04199v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The growing number of medical vision foundation models highlights the need for effective model selection. However, mainstream selection methods rely on exhaustive fine-tuning, which is computationally expensive. Most of the existing Transferability Estimation (TE) metrics are primarily designed for image-level classification. They fail to preserve spatial relationships and fine-grained boundary details, which are crucial for the segmentation task.
Hierarchical Multi-to-Single-Modal Knowledge Distillation for Disruption Prediction in EAST
arXiv:2607.04241v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Plasma disruption is a critical threat to tokamak safety. Existing data-driven predictors mainly rely on time-series diagnostic signals, while visible images provide complementary spatial cues including plasma deformation, local brightening, and radiation-structure evolution. Although the image modality improves the model's discriminative capability, it also substantially increases the computational cost during inference. To address this issue, we
HeartVolMesh: Cardiac Volumetric Mesh Reconstruction via Covariance-Guided Graph Deformation
arXiv:2607.04243v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate patient-specific tetrahedral cardiac meshes are essential for in-silico trials, yet common segmentation-then-modelling pipelines can blur thin-wall anatomy and offer limited cross-case correspondence. We propose HeartVolMesh, which lifts each template vertex to an anisotropic Gaussian kernel and uses a 3D CNN-GNN to predict per-vertex displacements and Cholesky-parameterized covariances from volumetric images. Training is guided by a cova
Beyond Random Sampling: Distribution-Aware Alignment for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation
arXiv:2607.04249v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Precise medical image segmentation is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning, yet relies heavily on expensive expert annotations. Semi-supervised medical image segmentation (SSMIS) offers a cost-effective solution but typically operates under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data, defaulting to random sampling. While statistically valid at scale, this strategy suffers from severe representation bias
AdaptiveSplat:Texture Aware Controllable 3D Gaussian Allocation for Feed-Forward Reconstruction
arXiv:2607.04256v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current feed-forward 3D reconstruction methods predict pixel aligned Gaussian primitives, resulting in highly redundant representations. A natural solution is to prune the redundant Gaussians, but naive pruning introduces severe artifacts and often requires inference time fine-tuning, breaking the feed-forward paradigm. Based on previous works, high frequency regions require more Gaussian primitives, while low frequency regions can be represented
EMPURPLE: A Free Lunch for Diffusion Distillation based on the Information Bottleneck
arXiv:2607.04276v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models achieve impressive image-generation quality but remain expensive at inference time. Diffusion distillation reduces sampling steps, yet many distilled models, including SDXL-Lightning and distribution matching distillation methods, suffer from degraded Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID). We analyze this phenomenon through a PAC-style generalization bound. Our analysis suggests that aggressive early-step redirection of the velocity
When Does Small Data Work? Accuracy and Efficiency Trade-offs Between Tabular Foundation Models and Conventional Methods for Crowd-State Classification at Hajj and Umrah
arXiv:2607.04013v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning from few labeled examples is a central challenge in tabular machine learning, and it becomes the binding constraint in domains where labeling is costly, such as crowd monitoring during Hajj and Umrah. Tabular foundation models, which predict from only a handful of examples without task-specific training, were recently introduced to address this very-few-label regime. In this study we test them on crowd-state classification to assess how
Finite Reliability Representations: Noise-Calibrated Belief-Space Covers for Reliable Decision-Making
arXiv:2607.04019v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Physical sensing and actuation noise floors should inform how much belief resolution a decision-making system can reliably use. We introduce Finite Reliability Representations (FRR), a framework for covering belief spaces by reliability cells: regions within which the optimal action-value function Q*(b,u) varies by at most a tolerance epsilon, uniformly over actions. The framework is formulated on beliefs rather than states and uses a cover rath
Efficient Discovery of Conditional Dependencies with Desbordante
arXiv:2607.04030v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Conditional functional dependencies (CFDs) are functional dependencies with a restricted scope: they specify the context in which a dependency holds and are useful for data-quality tasks, specifying complex integrity constraints, and extracting valuable insights from data. We study the CFD discovery problem, which is computationally demanding. We build on the state-of-the-art CFDFinder algorithm and introduce a set of algorithmic and engineeri
OmniOpt: Taxonomy, Geometry, and Benchmarking of Modern Optimizers
arXiv:2607.04033v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Optimizer selection for large-scale model training has become a system-level design decision constrained jointly by compute, memory, tuning budget, and task diversity, yet the landscape of over one hundred methods remains fragmented. We therefore present OmniOpt, a unified survey and benchmark cookbook of optimizers for the research community. OmniOpt rests on four coupled components. First, we treat every optimizer update as a structured transf
The "I Don't Know" Filter: Enhancing Agentic Reliability in Function Calling
arXiv:2607.04034v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The language models that underpin agents have seen a rapid rise in performance on function calling benchmarks. However, the metrics used in the training and evaluation of these models often encourage models to make positive claims even when the answer is uncertain, leading to hallucinations. Such hallucinations can be disastrous when language models are trusted to use function calls to make decisions in high stakes applications. To that end, we
Benchmarking API Drift in LLM-Generated Quantum Code Across Successive SDK Versions
arXiv:2607.04072v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models can generate plausible quantum code, but it is unclear whether they can reliably target the specific software development kit (SDK) version requested by the user. We study this problem as API drift and introduce quantum-api-drift, a benchmark for measuring version fidelity, defined here as execution success on the requested SDK version, cross-version compatibility, failure modes, and documentation-guided repair in LLM-gener
FedSPM: Routing-Enabled Federated Learning under Dual Heterogeneity via Semiparametric Mixture
arXiv:2607.04085v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Routing-prediction federated learning has emerged as a new paradigm that reframes inter-client heterogeneity as a resource for system-level intelligence: at inference time, the server routes each external query to the best-matched client for prediction. Existing approaches, however, typically treat each client as internally homogeneous, overlooking latent subpopulations within local data. For example, patients with the same diagnosis at one hosp
Parametric Memory Decoding for Zero-Shot Routing in LoRA-Based External Parametric Memory
arXiv:2607.04118v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the rise of parametric memory, LoRA-based External Parametric Memory (EPM) has emerged as a modular solution, but existing routing methods often introduce additional training, deployment, and maintenance overhead. This raises a natural question: can a LoRA-based EPM bank be routed without maintaining an additional routing component? However, existing zero-shot LoRA routing methods still face two problems under the EPM setting: (1) their eva
Conflict-Based Lazy Search for Fast Multi-Manipulator Planning
arXiv:2607.04124v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Employing multiple manipulators can boost efficiency and accomplish tasks that a single manipulator cannot do. However, real-time planning for multiple manipulators in a cluttered workspace still poses significant challenges for planning algorithms. This article proposes a new planning algorithm called Conflict-Based Lazy Search (CBLS) for multimanipulator planning. CBLS is built on Conflict-Based Search (CBS), an efficient multiagent pathfindin
Mask-based Predictive Representations for Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2607.04153v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-based deep reinforcement learning involves dealing with high-dimensional inputs of image information. It is crucial to abstract effective states from high-dimensional image inputs and limited samples for sample-efficient reinforcement learning. To address this challenge, inspired by fields such as natural language processing and computer vision, we propose a self-supervised task based on mask prediction as an auxiliary task for reinforcem
Piercing Gilbreath's Conjecture: From Deep Number Theory Insights to Fintech and Cybersecurity
arXiv:2607.04166v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: I propose a new methodology to attack the fascinating Gilbreath's conjecture about prime numbers, first posted in 1878 and unsolved to this day. The problem statement is rudimentary: kids can understand it. However, despite decades of research, almost no progress has been made. This paper changes the game by presenting a new approach based on sieving, a number of new results with proof, a precise path to the solution, and solid references. It al
SoftVTBench: A Safety-Aware Visuo-Tactile Benchmark for Physically Constrained Robotic Manipulation of Deformable Objects
arXiv:2607.04234v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deformable object manipulation poses challenges beyond task completion: successful execution must also maintain safe physical interaction, holding the object stably without slip or drop while avoiding excessive deformation. However, existing manipulation benchmarks are predominantly success-oriented and rarely evaluate whether a policy remains physically safe throughout execution. We present SoftVTBench, a safety-aware visuo-tactile benchmark fo
Signal or Noise? Understanding Generative Models for Real-World Sensor Time Series
arXiv:2607.04245v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative models have changed how machine learning represents complex data distributions, especially in language and vision, yet many real-world systems are observed instead as continuous, high-dimensional, and noisy sensor time series. Existing generative modeling of sensor data, however, remains fragmented across modalities, datasets, and task formulations, limiting a systematic understanding of when, how, and why generative models succeed or
HALO-WA: Hybrid-Attention Latent-Guided Online Reinforcement Learning for World-Action Models
arXiv:2607.04265v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World-action (WA) models can generate long-horizon action chunks for general-purpose robotic manipulation, but they remain vulnerable to calibration, perception, and contact-dynamics errors in real-world precision tasks, often failing in the final few millimeters of alignment or insertion. We propose HALO-WA, a hybrid-attention latent-guided online reinforcement learning (RL) framework for WA models, which leverages latent features and action pr
Self-Reference in Large Language Models: The Introspection Threshold for Recursive Self-Improvement
arXiv:2607.04277v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The pursuit of self-evolving AI raises a critical question: when is autonomous self-improvement sustainable rather than degenerative? Drawing an analogy to von Neumann's complexity threshold for self-reproducing automata, we argue that sustainable recursive self-improvement in Large Language Models (LLMs) requires a functional analogue: introspection -- the system's capacity to simulate its own operations and target modifications. Grounded in Kl
Agentic-V2X: Small Language Model Agents for Deadline-Aware V2X Scheduling in 5G/6G Networks
arXiv:2607.04290v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are proposed as control interfaces for next-generation networks, but their latency, hallucinations, and lack of control guarantees make them unsuitable for near-real-time packet schedulers, especially in dynamic V2X environments. This paper introduces Agentic-V2X, an architecture where a small, locally deployed language model acts as a periodic non-real-time rApp-inspired policy creator, while a lightweight xApp-like
One Framework for All: Cross-Modal Membership Inference for Generative Models
arXiv:2607.04339v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large generative models across text-to-text, text-to-image, and image-to-text modalities have been shown to pose significant privacy risks. One fundamental threat is membership inference attacks (MIA), which aim to determine whether a given data point was used in a model's training set. Although prior work has investigated MIAs against these three classes of generative models, existing approaches treat them in isolation and are not cross-applica
IRIS: An Intelligent Vision-Language System for Ocular Surface Diseases via Topic Tree and Scene-Driven VQA Generation
arXiv:2607.04344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate remarkable generic capabilities, their clinical reasoning in specialized domains like ocular surface diseases (OSDs) is severely hindered by a paucity of high-fidelity, multimodal instruction-tuning data. To dismantle this data bottleneck, we introduce IRIS, an Intelligent Recognition and Interaction System tailored for fine-grained OSD understanding via external eye photography. First, we cu
HASSL: Hierarchy-Aware Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Single Cell Microscopy
arXiv:2607.04353v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hierarchical structure is common in image data, where fine-grained clusters often merge into larger, coarser semantic groups. In biological cell images, current self-supervised learning models often suppress this hierarchy, as coarse factors such as imaging modality can obscure finer morphological attributes in the latent space. We propose a hierarchy-aware self-supervised training framework to address this problem. Our method combines two compo
Auto-AEG: Scalable Data Construction for Open-Vocabulary Audio Event Grounding
arXiv:2607.04383v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) reason fluently about sound yet struggle to localize precisely when events occur, while classical Sound Event Detection attains frame-level precision only over a closed label set. At the intersection of these paradigms lies the task of Open-Vocabulary Audio Event Grounding: predicting all time intervals of a target sound event described by an arbitrary natural language query. While this task is crucial for rea
Multi-Objective Exploration and Preference Optimization via Mutual Information
arXiv:2607.01392v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Aligning large language models with diverse and heterogeneous human values requires multi-objective alignment methods to effectively trade off conflicting preference dimensions. Current methods achieve this trade-off by training policies conditioned on preference vectors and leveraging online direct preference optimization. However, exploration uncertainty can cause the reward distributions of responses generated under different preference vec
MultAttnAttrib: Training-Free Multimodal Attribution in Long Document Question Answering
arXiv:2607.01420v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As grounded QA systems are increasingly deployed in AI assistants, accurately attributing generated answers to evidence is critical for user trust and model safety. While unimodal attributions have been explored in depth, the multimodal setting remains relatively under-researched. As a result, we introduce MultAttnAttrib, a training-free attribution-generation method that leverages a model's prefill pass, selected attention heads, and calibrat
DiPS: Dialogue Policy Selection for High-Stakes Persuasion Agents
arXiv:2607.01557v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with persuasion in high-stakes scenarios. People's individual personalities and concerns require tailored strategies rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. To address this challenge, we focus on a fire-rescue scenario in which an operator must persuade a resident to evacuate as a high-stakes persuasion domain and propose Dialogue Policy Selection (DiPS), a Q-learning framework to dynamically selec
The Future of NLP may not be at NLP Conferences: Scholarly Migration Patterns in Natural Language Processing
arXiv:2607.02416v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Natural Language Processing (NLP) has traditionally been published in its core disciplinary venues like ACL. However, advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a blurring of the disciplinary lines between NLP and general Machine Learning (ML), with authors regularly publishing in venues from both fields. Here, we ask whether the disciplinary center of gravity is shifting. Using NLP research published from 2010 to 2026 and studies of
A Transformer-Based Contrastive Learning Approach for Few-Shot Sign Language Recognition
arXiv:2204.02803v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Sign language recognition from monocular video or 2D pose sequences is challenging, both because 3D information must be inferred from 2D observations and because the signal is inherently spatiotemporal. Moreover, the large and continually growing vocabulary of signs in production settings makes conventional closed-set classification impractical: adding a class requires new labeled data and retraining. We propose a contrastive Transformer
CausalChaos! Dataset for Comprehensive Causal Action Question Answering Over Longer Causal Chains Grounded in Dynamic Visual Scenes
arXiv:2404.01299v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Causal video question answering (QA) has garnered increasing interest, yet existing datasets often lack depth in causal reasoning. To address this gap, we capitalize on the unique properties of cartoons and construct CausalChaos!, a novel, challenging causal Why-QA dataset built upon the iconic "Tom and Jerry" cartoon series. Cartoons use the principles of animation that allow animators to create expressive, unambiguous causal relationsh
Code Benchmarks Should Prioritize Rigor, Reliability, and Reproducibility
arXiv:2501.10711v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Code-related benchmarks play a critical role in evaluating large language models (LLMs), yet their quality fundamentally shapes how the community interprets model capabilities. In the past few years, awareness of benchmark quality has grown. Yet, after a decade-scale (2014-2025) survey over 672 code benchmarks, we observed a lag between growing awareness and actual practice. For example, in 2025 alone, the number of benchmarks that ignor
Is Your Benchmark Still Useful? Dynamic Benchmarking for Code Language Models
arXiv:2503.06643v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we tackle a critical challenge in model evaluation: how to keep code benchmarks useful when models might have already seen them during training. We introduce a novel solution, dynamic benchmarking framework, to address this challenge. Given a code understanding or reasoning benchmark, our framework dynamically transforms each input, i.e., programs, with various semantic-preserving mutations to build a syntactically new whi
TAMA: A Human-AI Collaborative Thematic Analysis Framework Using Multi-Agent LLMs for Clinical Interviews
arXiv:2503.20666v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Thematic analysis (TA) is a widely used qualitative approach for uncovering latent meanings in unstructured text data. TA provides valuable insights in healthcare but is resource-intensive. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been introduced to perform TA, yet their applications in high-stakes healthcare settings, particularly for qualitative clinical interview analysis, remain limited. Here, we propose TAMA: A Human-AI Collaborative Thema
Chasing Moving Targets with Online Self-Play Reinforcement Learning for Safer Language Models
arXiv:2506.07468v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Conventional large language model (LLM) safety alignment relies on a reactive, disjoint loop: attackers exploit a static model, then defenders patch exposed vulnerabilities. This sequential setup leads to attackers overfitting obsolete exploits while defenders perpetually lag behind emerging threats. To address this, we introduce Self-RedTeam, the first fully online self-play multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm that conti
Position: Use Sparse Autoencoders to Discover Unknowns
arXiv:2506.23845v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have generated significant excitement, a series of negative results have added to skepticism about their usefulness. Here, we establish a conceptual distinction that reconciles competing narratives surrounding SAEs. We argue that even if SAEs may be less effective for \textit{acting on known concepts}, SAEs are especially powerful tools for \textit{discovering unknown concepts}. This distinction separates
Interaction Techniques that Encourage Longer Prompts Can Improve Psychological Ownership when Writing with AI
arXiv:2507.03670v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Writing longer prompts for an AI assistant to generate a story increases psychological ownership, a user's feeling that the writing belongs to them. To encourage users to write longer prompts, we evaluated two interaction techniques that modify the prompt entry interface of chat-based generative AI assistants: pressing and holding the prompt submission button, and continuously moving a slider up and down when submitting a short prompt. A
Context Misleads LLMs: The Role of Context Filtering in Maintaining Safe Alignment of LLMs
arXiv:2508.10031v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in performance, various jailbreak attacks have posed growing safety and ethical risks. Malicious users often exploit adversarial context to deceive LLMs, prompting them to generate responses to harmful queries. In this study, we propose a new defense mechanism called Context Filtering, an input pre-processing method designed to filter out untrustworthy and unreliable
DynamixSFT: Dynamic Mixture Optimization of Instruction Tuning Collections
arXiv:2508.12116v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As numerous instruction-tuning datasets continue to emerge, dynamically balancing and optimizing their mixtures has become a critical challenge. To address this, we propose DynamixSFT, a dynamic and automated method for instruction-tuning dataset mixture optimization. We formulate the problem as a multi-armed bandit setup and introduce a Prior-scaled Boltzmann Exploration that softly anchors the updated sampling distribution to the origi
ChainReaction: Causal Chain-Guided Reasoning for Modular and Explainable Causal-Why Video Question Answering
arXiv:2508.21010v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Existing Causal-Why Video Question Answering (VideoQA) models often struggle with higher-order reasoning, relying on opaque, monolithic pipelines that entangle video understanding, causal inference, and answer generation. These black-box approaches offer limited interpretability and tend to depend on shallow heuristics. We propose a novel, modular paradigm that explicitly decouples causal reasoning from answer generation, introducing nat
Adaptive Margin RLHF via Preference over Preferences
arXiv:2509.22851v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Margin-based optimization is fundamental to improving generalization and robustness in classification tasks. In the context of reward model learning from preferences within Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), existing methods typically rely on no margins, fixed margins, or margins that are simplistic functions of preference ratings. However, such formulations often fail to account for the varying strengths of different pre
VCB Bench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Audio-Grounded Large Language Model Conversational Agents
arXiv:2510.11098v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in large audio language models (LALMs) have greatly enhanced multimodal conversational systems. However, existing benchmarks remain limited -- they are mainly English-centric, rely on synthetic speech, and lack comprehensive, discriminative evaluation across multiple dimensions. To address these gaps, we present Voice Chat Bot Bench (VCB Bench) -- a high-quality Chinese benchmark built entirely on real human speech. VCB B
SpatialThinker: Reinforcing Scene Graph-Grounded Spatial Reasoning via Dense Rewards
arXiv:2511.07403v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language tasks, but continue to struggle with spatial reasoning. Existing spatial MLLMs rely on large-scale datasets, explicit 3D inputs, architecture-specific modifications, or sparse Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods that provide insufficient guidance for spatially-grounded reasoning. We introduce SpatialThinker. To our knowledge, it is the first MLL
Learning-Based Automated Adversarial Red-Teaming for Robustness Evaluation of Large Language Models
arXiv:2512.20677v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Red-teaming is becoming a central part of large language model (LLM) safety evaluation, yet current practice still relies heavily on expert-written prompts or fixed benchmark suites. This creates a gap between what is easy to test and what deployed models can actually do: failures may be rare, context-sensitive, and distributed across many threat categories. We study automated red-teaming as a constrained adversarial search problem and i
The Language of Bargaining: Linguistic Effects in LLM Negotiations
arXiv:2601.04387v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Negotiation is a core component of social intelligence, requiring agents to balance strategic reasoning, cooperation, and social norms. Recent work shows that LLMs can engage in multi-turn negotiation, yet nearly all evaluations occur exclusively in English. Using controlled multi-agent simulations across Ultimatum, Buy-Sell, and Resource Exchange games, we systematically isolate language effects across English and four Indic framings (H
AquaStereo: Enabling Underwater Stereo Matching via Depth-Conditioned Diffusion and Geometry Self-Distillation
arXiv:2607.04303v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning-based stereo matching models struggle in underwater environments due to scarce in-domain data and the difficulty of extracting discriminative correspondences from degraded imagery. In this work, we present $\textbf{AquaStereo}$, a perception-enhanced framework with a data simulation pipeline and a self-distillation strategy that jointly address data scarcity and feature degradation in underwater stereo matching. First, a depth-conditioned
Aura: Consistent Multi-Subject Video Generation via VLM-Grounded Semantic Alignment
arXiv:2607.04311v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Subject-driven and multi-element video generation are central to controllable video synthesis, but existing methods still struggle to preserve identity consistency and model complex relationships among multiple subjects. In this paper, we propose Aura, a unified framework for high-fidelity and identity-consistent video generation. To better capture scene dynamics and subject interactions, we introduce AI director-level captions that provide dense
Framework and Multi-modal Dataset for Roadwork Zone Detection and Geo-localization
arXiv:2607.04330v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous vehicles often rely on high-definition (HD) maps for navigation; however, these maps are not frequently updated and often lack semi-static information, such as temporary roadwork zones, which can significantly alter the road network. This limitation underscores the urgent need for an accurate global position of roadwork zones. However, the absence of publicly available datasets for evaluating roadwork zone detection and geo-localization
Last-Meter Precision Navigation for UAVs: A Diffusion-Refined Aerial Visual Servoing Approach
arXiv:2607.04352v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this work, we study the last-meter precision navigation for UAVs, e.g., autonomously reaching a target within the final 10 meters using monocular vision. This task is challenging due to scale ambiguity, rotation discontinuities, and the need for fine-grained spatial reasoning. Existing methods often fail under large viewpoint changes or lack generalization to unseen environments. To this end, we propose DreamNav, a coarse-to-fine diffusion-refi
Event Detection in Videos: A Framework for the Development of New Methods
arXiv:2607.04372v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Event detection tasks in videos, the most important aspect of video surveillance, aim to detect events either at the pixel-level, frame-level, or clip-level. Plenty of methods intended for event detection in different environments, for various applications, and within different acquisition techniques were introduced. Naturally, the attempts were made as well to classify these algorithms in terms of detection of performance or in terms of real-time
The Good, the Bad, and the Brittle: Benchmarking Robustness and Generalisation of Histopathology Foundation Models
arXiv:2607.04401v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How robust and generalisable are pathology foundation models and have their scaling limites been reached? We benchmarked twelve pathology foundation models (PFMs) and ResNet baselines using our Robustness Evaluation and Enhancement Toolbox (REET) across eleven clinically realistic perturbations and a dissimilarity-driven Non-Redundant K-fold validation (NR-Kfold) protocol. We introduce a Perturbation Performance Index (PPI) to summarise accuracy t
Transferability Between Understanding and Generation in Unified Multimodal Models
arXiv:2607.04423v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) integrate image understanding and generation within a single architecture, yet how the two tasks interact remains understudied. We investigate $\boldsymbol{\mathsf{transferability}}$ in UMMs: whether training a capability on one task improves the same capability on the other without explicit supervision. Through controlled experiments, we empirically find that transferability depends on architecture-models with ful
Wan-Streamer v0.2: Higher Resolution, Same Latency
arXiv:2607.04443v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Wan-Streamer v0.2, a latency-preserving upgrade of the native-streaming, end-to-end audio-visual interaction model. v0.2 keeps the v0.1 modeling formulation, but raises the interactive output stream from 192x336 to 640x368 while preserving approximately 200 ms model-side signal-to-signal latency at 25 FPS. The higher-resolution stream supports scene-grounded mid-shot agents whose posture, gaze, hands, nearby objects, and local scene lay
Fields of the Planet: Field Boundary Mapping Beyond 10m
arXiv:2607.04449v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Field-boundary maps support crop monitoring, irrigation planning, and yield estimation, but many smallholder parcels span only a few 10 m Sentinel-2 pixels. We introduce Fields of the Planet (FTP), a 3 m PlanetScope companion to Fields of The World (FTW) that pairs the same polygons, seasonal windows, and train/test splits with 133,168 co-registered PlanetScope patch-window targets across 24 countries. FTP evaluates field delineation as parcel rec
CCFM: Collision-Constrained Flow Matching for Safety-Critical Scenario Generation
arXiv:2607.04451v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluation of autonomous vehicle (AV) planners in safety-critical closed-loop simulation is essential for real-world deployment. However, generating controllable safety-critical scenarios remains challenging. Existing approaches use soft guidance that provides only probabilistic preferences and cannot guarantee the satisfaction of geometric and severity constraints associated with specific collision types. We introduce Collision-Constrained Flow M
Flash-BoN: Instant Drafts for Inference-Time Scaling in Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.04461v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inference-time scaling for text-to-image generation has progressed from simple Best-of-$N$ (BoN) sampling to guided search methods that verify and steer candidate trajectories at intermediate denoising steps. These approaches focus on when and how often to verify during denoising but largely treat the cost of generation itself as fixed. Moreover, the standard practice of comparing methods by number of function evaluations (NFEs) counts only denois
EVAS: Efficient Multimodal Temporal Forgery Localization via Audio-Visual Synergy and Steered Boundary Calibration
arXiv:2607.04472v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence-generated content necessitates reliable multimodal forensics. Beyond video-level binary classification, precisely localizing sparsely distributed forged segments in long-form videos remains a critical challenge. This task is particularly difficult when manipulations are subtly embedded and cross-modal signals are weak and temporally diffuse. To address these challenges, we propose EVAS, an end-to-
PulmoSight-XAI: An Explainable Multi-View Attention Ensemble with Gradient Boosting Meta-Learning for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification
arXiv:2607.04478v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated chest X-ray classification remains challenging due to severe class imbalance, co-occurring pathologies, and the loss of localized features in conventional architectures. To address these, we propose an explainable hierarchical multi-view ensemble framework for the robust classification of 14 thoracic pathologies. The framework employs view-specific training by independently modeling frontal and lateral radiographs using an ensemble of fi
TrustCLIP: Learning Private Visual Features via Adversarial Reconstruction
arXiv:2607.04484v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision and vision-language models rely on high-level visual representations that are increasingly used across recognition, retrieval, and multimodal reasoning pipelines. However, recent advances in generative modeling have shown that such features can often be inverted, enabling realistic reconstructions of the underlying image and raising significant privacy risks. We revisit this problem through the lens of reconstruction and propose TrustCLIP,
Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition in Head-Mounted Displays with Synthetic Data
arXiv:2607.04490v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Facial expression recognition (FER) is crucial for social interaction in mixed reality environments that employ head-mounted displays (HMD). However, collecting FER data from head-mounted cameras (HMC) is challenging due to privacy concerns and the diversity of HMD platforms. Moreover, existing FER datasets are not directly applicable due to the unique perspectives of HMCs. The lack of sufficient data hinders the development of neural network-base
UniSkip-Mamba: A Frequency-Aware State Space Model for Audio-Visual Temporal Forgery Localization
arXiv:2607.04498v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the proliferation of AI-generated content, sophisticated multimedia manipulation has raised critical concerns about malicious applications such as opinion manipulation and evidence fabrication, making Audio-Visual Temporal Forgery Localization (AV-TFL) an urgent research frontier. Existing TFL methods have progressed along two main paradigms: Transformer-based temporal modeling and channel-wise multimodal fusion. While these approaches captur
Geographic Diversity Beats Data Volume for Cross-Domain Generalization in Zero-Label JEPA Driving World Models
arXiv:2607.04500v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-supervised latent world models can assign a surprise score to driving scenarios without any human labels. A natural follow-up question is whether such a model, trained on driving data from one geographic region, can generalize its notion of complexity to unseen cities and sensor configurations. We study this question through a controlled transfer experiment: we train JEPA-based world models on nuPlan data (Pittsburgh, Boston, Singapore) and e
A non-invasive video-based method for individual identification of wildlife using gait dynamics
arXiv:2607.04518v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Gait is a distinctive behavioral characteristic that enables non-invasive individual identification without requiring physical interaction with an animal. While gait-based analysis has been extensively studied in humans, its application to wildlife remains limited due to environmental variability and the lack of scalable identification methods. This paper presents a fully automated, video-based pipeline for wildlife gait analysis and individual id
Explainable Novel Category Discovery in Semantic Concept Space
arXiv:2607.04548v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Novel category discovery aims to identify unseen classes from unlabeled data by transferring knowledge from labeled categories, but most existing methods perform discovery in opaque latent feature spaces. As a result, they may separate novel categories accurately while providing little insight into what semantic evidence defines each discovered group. We propose xNCD, an explainable novel category discovery framework that performs both representat
QSVideo: Query-Conditioned Semantic Temporal Retrieval for Video Understanding
arXiv:2607.04559v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The performance of vision-language models (VLMs) in video understanding declines with increasing video duration, as video moments unrelated to the query confuse their language components. Multimodal retrieval has emerged as a critical component of video understanding, addressing this challenge by localizing key visual evidence. However, existing multimodal retrieval methods suffer from biased relevance estimation, limited diversity, and temporal c
Full-Stack FP4: Stable LLM Pretraining with Quantized Projections, Optimizers, and Attention
arXiv:2607.04422v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent NVFP4 pretraining methods mainly target transformer linear layers, leaving optimizer states, optimizer arithmetic and attention underexplored in 4-bit pipelines. This critical gap blocks stable full-stack 4-bit pretraining, as the three core modules exhibit unique numerical failure patterns: linear layers hit hard quantization noise limits with dimension-propagated error amplification; AdamW second moments are heavy-tailed non-negative va
Covert Trait Propagation Is Representation Alignment: Mechanistic Evidence from Hidden-Channel Distillation
arXiv:2607.04432v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A student model trained on pure uniform noise can still inherit its teacher's digit-classification ability, provided the two share initialization. Previous work proves this transfer is guaranteed when the teacher's learning rate is small enough, but does not explain where in the network the channel lives or what sets its capacity. Working in an MLP distillation setting on MNIST, we show these channels are not purely informational: geometric alig
RoboDojo: A Unified Sim-and-Real Benchmark for Comprehensive Evaluation of Generalist Robot Manipulation Policies
arXiv:2607.04434v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generalist robot manipulation policies have advanced rapidly, yet existing benchmarks remain limited in systematically evaluating their capabilities. Many rely on simple, short-horizon, or skill-narrow tasks with limited capability coverage, and are often conducted only in simulation or only in the real world. Simulation enables scalable feedback but misses physical deployment challenges, while real-world evaluation is costly, time-consuming, an
A Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Detecting and Resolving Pragmatic Ambiguities in Natural Language Requirements
arXiv:2607.04436v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Natural language requirements (NLRs) are essential for bridging communication gaps among diverse stakeholders in software development. However, the inherent ambiguity in NLRs can pose significant challenges. In particular, some requirements may be misinterpreted due to varying contextual knowledge and domain-specific expectations of the stakeholders, a phenomenon known as pragmatic ambiguity. This paper presents an approach for detecting and res
Operator-on-F complements value-equivalence: a planning-time diagnostic for latent world models
arXiv:2607.04464v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World-model evaluation for model-based reinforcement learning typically asks whether the learned model predicts reward and value well, which can leave planning-relevant errors in the model's latent rollouts unmeasured. We introduce a complementary diagnostic, operator-on-F, that compares a model's k-step latent pushforward to the environment's on an observable subset F, using the model's own predictor. On a TD-MPC2 size sweep over cheetah-run, r
Regime-Conditional Stabilisation of LLM-Augmented Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2607.04470v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a natural interface for translating human objectives into reward signals for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), yet the training-time dynamics of this integration remain poorly understood. We show that dynamically updating LLM-generated reward weights during off-policy MARL violates the stationarity assumption of Potential-Based Reward Shaping (PBRS) and contaminates the experience replay bu
Two Black Boxes, One Solver: Encoder Probing and Decoder Attribution for Neural Multi-Attribute VRP under Hard-Mask and Recourse Decoders
arXiv:2607.04487v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural autoregressive solvers for the Multi-Attribute Vehicle Routing Problem (MAVRP) reach competitive cost but offer no per-step justification, a problem when dispatchers must validate, accept, or compare them. We open two complementary black boxes in one protocol. On the encoder side, linear probes, spontaneous-organization metrics, rank-based richness measures, and discovered-direction analyses with intervention validation characterize how t
Training-Free Model Selection and Domain-Aware Score Calibration for First-Shot Anomalous Sound Detection
arXiv:2607.04526v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: First-shot anomalous sound detection in DCASE Challenge Task 2 must flag anomalies of unseen machine types with a single threshold, without knowing whether a test clip comes from the data-rich source domain (990 normal training clips) or the data-scarce target domain (10). Two organizer-reported problems remain open: source- and target-domain AUC are negatively correlated across systems, and development-set performance does not predict evaluatio
Lyapunov-Guided Training for Hardware-Safe Neural Networks Under Fixed-Point Arithmetic
arXiv:2607.04531v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Low-precision neural networks are attractive for resource-constrained hardware, but fixed-point arithmetic introduces failure modes that are often hidden by idealised quantisation models. In particular, two's-complement overflow wrapping can corrupt hidden activations by changing both their magnitude and sign, leading to unstable numerical error propagation and severe accuracy degradation. This paper proposes a Lyapunov-stabilised quantisation f
Obey, Diverge, Collapse: Blind Obedience to Incorrect Instructions Drives Code LLMs to Irrecoverable Code Semantic Collapse
arXiv:2607.04537v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Code language models are now trusted collaborators in production workflows for debugging, refactoring, and iterative repair, and every benchmark that evaluates them assumes the instructions they act on are correct. We study what happens when that assumption breaks. We evaluate code language models across four experiments designed to assess whether models resist or obey incorrect instructions in single-pass and iterative repair settings, using th
Auto: The AGI Compiler
arXiv:2607.04542v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Every LLM agent run re-derives its behavior token by token on a frontier model: brilliant, expensive, slow, and unbounded. We present Auto, a compiler that records live agent behavior, measures which parts are secretly deterministic, extracts them into verified programs or distilled specialists, and emits cognition binaries: WebAssembly artifacts whose manifests carry measured guarantees and whose declared capabilities are physically enforced by
Mask2Real-WM: Segmentation Masks as a Sim-to-Real Bridge for Controllable Dexterous World Models
arXiv:2607.04546v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Action-conditioned world models allow robots to predict the future consequences of candidate actions without additional physical interaction, supporting policy evaluation, planning, and data augmentation. We present Mask2Real-WM, a two-stage action-conditioned world model for dexterous manipulation that decouples pixel prediction into a dynamics model and a rendering model. The dynamics model predicts future segmentation masks from past masks an
Lights, Camera, Carbon: Architectural Scaling Laws for Video Generation Energy Consumption
arXiv:2607.04553v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a bidirectional framework for estimating the energy consumption of text-to-video (T2V) and text-to-video-audio (T2VA) models from architectural first principles and observable generation parameters such as resolution and duration, requiring no access to weights, model size, or implementation details. Forward, it predicts energy from generation parameters and architectural principles; backward, it recovers architectural scaling behavio
Predicting Therapeutic Outcome via Aligning Patient-Specific Knowledge Graph and Gene-Level Perturbation Representations
arXiv:2607.04557v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate prediction of patient-specific therapeutic response from pre-treatment transcriptomes is hindered by the scarcity of matched clinical response labels and post-treatment molecular profiles. Preclinical transfer-learning models can simulate drug-induced expression changes but are often hard to interpret and unstable, whereas knowledge-graph methods provide mechanistic context yet remain static and fail to capture drug-induced transcriptom
A Few Teacher Steps Go a Long Way: Cost-Efficient On-Policy Data Augmentation for Agent Post-Training
arXiv:2607.04574v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For LLM agents, supervised fine-tuning is not only about teacher labels' quality, but also about which interaction contexts those labels condition on. Pure behavioral cloning uses full teacher demonstrations, creating a mismatch between teacher-induced contexts seen in training and student-induced contexts encountered at test time. Recent work addresses this mismatch by querying a teacher at contexts reached by the student, often with increasing
LLM-Driven CI-CD Workflow Intelligence for Cyber Systems Engineering
arXiv:2607.04579v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: CI/CD workflows have become executable operational policy: they decide what gets built, tested, released, and deployed, and they mediate how maintainers interact with delivery infrastructure. That makes them an important measurement point for cyber-systems engineering. Recent large language model (LLM) work shows that workflow stages can be recognized directly from configuration files, but stage labels alone do not tell us whether a workflow is
Simple-to-Complex Structured Demonstrations for Vision-Language-Action Learning
arXiv:2607.04591v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong capabilities in robotic manipulation by integrating visual perception, language understanding, and robot action generation. Existing research has primarily focused on improving model architectures, training strategies, and dataset scale, while little attention has been paid to how demonstrations are collected and organized. We identify demonstration organization as a fundamental yet ov
TORINO: Token Reduction via Interpretable Concept Overlap in Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.04593v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across different tasks, but their computational cost is dominated by the large number of visual tokens fed to the language model. Existing token reduction methods rely on attention-based scores or pairwise similarity, without an explicit semantic representation of each token. We introduce TORINO (TOken Reduction via Interpretable coNcept Overlap), a plug-and-play framework f
G2VD: Generalizable AI-Generated Video Detection via Counterfactual Intervention and Causal Disentanglement
arXiv:2607.04607v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid advancement of AI-generated videos poses increasing security risks and calls for robust detectors with strong cross-domain generalization. Although existing methods achieve promising results under in-domain evaluation, their performance often degrades substantially when tested on unseen generators. A key reason is shortcut learning, where detectors rely on domain-specific spurious cues, such as generator-dependent fingerprints and gene
SILO: Simulation-in-the-Loop Sim-to-Real Transfer for Multi-Stage Cable Routing
arXiv:2607.04616v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Linear-deformable manipulation remains challenging due to the complex deformations of objects such as cables and ropes. Prior data-driven approaches, particularly imitation learning, have shown some promise in narrowly defined settings but typically require thousands of demonstrations for specific tasks and cable types, limiting scalability and generalization. We introduce a sim-to-real reinforcement learning (RL) framework for multi-stage cable
R$^2$PO: Decoupling Rollout and Inference Policies for LLM Reasoning
arXiv:2601.11960v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Existing reinforcement learning methods for LLM reasoning implicitly assume that the policy generating training trajectories should coincide with the one producing inference responses. We argue that this is a misleading inductive bias: the optimization-optimal trajectory distribution favors informative gradients, whereas the inference-optimal response distribution emphasizes accuracy and consistency. Forcing both into a single policy ent
FlashBlock: Attention Caching for Efficient Long-Context Block Diffusion
arXiv:2602.05305v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Generating long-form content, such as minute-long videos and extended texts, is increasingly important for modern generative models. Block diffusion improves inference efficiency via KV caching and block-wise causal inference and has been widely adopted in diffusion language models and video generation. However, in long-context settings, block diffusion still incurs substantial overhead from repeatedly computing attention over a growing
Endogenous Resistance to Activation Steering in Language Models
arXiv:2602.06941v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models can recover mid-generation from task-misaligned activation steering, producing explicit verbal restarts (e.g., ``wait, that's not right'') and continuing on-topic even while the steering perturbation remains active. We term this Endogenous Steering Resistance (ESR). Using sparse autoencoder (SAE) latents to steer model activations, we find that Llama-3.3-70B exhibits explicit ESR at 3.8%, with smaller models from th
Data Driven Optimization of GPU efficiency for Distributed LLM-Adapter Serving
arXiv:2602.24044v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) adapters enable low-cost model specialization, but introduce complex caching and scheduling challenges in distributed serving systems where hundreds of adapters must be hosted concurrently. While prior work has largely focused on latency and throughput optimization, minimizing GPU resource requirements through near-peak utilization remains largely underexplored. This paper presents a data-driven pipeline that,
Exploring Plan Space through Conversation: An Agentic Framework for LLM-Mediated Explanations in Planning
arXiv:2603.02070v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: When automating plan generation for a real-world sequential decision problem, the goal is often not to replace the human planner, but to facilitate an iterative reasoning and elicitation process, where the human's role is to guide the AI planner according to their preferences and expertise. In this context, explanations that respond to users' questions are crucial to improve their understanding of potential solutions and increase their t
SpecEyes: Accelerating Agentic Multimodal LLMs via Speculative Perception and Planning
arXiv:2603.23483v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Agentic multimodal large language models (MLLMs) (e.g., OpenAI o3 and Gemini Agentic Vision) achieve remarkable reasoning capabilities through iterative visual tool invocation. However, the cascaded perception, reasoning, and tool-calling loops introduce significant sequential overhead. This overhead, termed agentic depth, incurs prohibitive latency and seriously limits system-level concurrency. To this end, we propose SpecEyes, an agent
Chronos: The AI Co-Historian
arXiv:2604.03553v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: AI is increasingly supporting, accelerating, and automating scientific discovery across subjects. Yet, the adoption of AI in historical research remains limited due to the lack of specialised solutions for historians. To change this, we introduce Chronos, an AI Co-Historian designed to support historians. It allows researchers to create and customize research workflows through natural-language interaction and share these as Chronos-Exten
VIBE: Voice-Induced open-ended Bias Evaluation for Large Audio-Language Models via Real-World Speech
arXiv:2604.17248v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly integrated into daily applications, yet their generative biases remain underexplored. Existing speech fairness benchmarks rely on synthetic speech and Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs), both offering a fragmented view of fairness. We propose VIBE, a framework that evaluates generative bias through open-ended tasks such as personalized recommendations, using human-recorded speech. Unlike
MUSE-Autoskill: Self-Evolving Agents via Skill Creation, Memory, Management, and Evaluation
arXiv:2605.27366v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents rely on reusable skills to solve complex tasks, but existing skill creation approaches often treat skills as isolated, static artifacts, limiting reusability, reliability, and long-term improvement. We propose MUSE-Autoskill Agent (Memory-Utilizing Skill Evolution), a skill-centric agent framework that creates, reuses, and refines skills under a unified lifecycle: creation, memory, management, evaluation
Cultural Binding Heads in Language Models
arXiv:2605.28543v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLMs often default to equal treatment across cultural groups, even though context warrants differentiation: this is a lack of difference awareness. Using mechanistic interpretability and a factorial design on the N4 cultural appropriation benchmark from Wang et al. (2025), we identify 2-3 mid-layer attention heads per model that contribute causally to cultural binding across eight models (four architectures, base and instruct). Cultural
PBSD: Privileged Bayesian Self-Distillation for Long-Horizon Credit Assignment
arXiv:2606.09348v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-horizon agentic tasks pose a fundamental credit assignment challenge for outcome-base reinforcement learning: trajectory-level rewards verify final correctness but provide limited guidance on which intermediate reasoning steps or tool interactions contribute to the outcome. The difficulty is especially pronounced in multi-turn search agents, where successful trajectories may contain misleading actions and failed trajectories may con
The Unverifiability of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Alignment, Static and Dynamic: From Trakhtenbrot's Wall to the Safety-Generality Tension
arXiv:2606.28639v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We establish the mathematical limits of AGI safety in two forms: verifying a fixed system, and verifying that a certified safety property persists once the system self-modifies. In the static case, no algorithm can certify a highly expressive AGI's safe behaviour infallibly, completely and tractably, whether over unbounded input domains (blocked by Rice's and Godel's theorems) or over all finite hardware configurations (blocked by Trakht
PACE: A Proxy for Agentic Capability Evaluation
arXiv:2607.02032v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Evaluating LLM agents on benchmarks like SWE-Bench and GAIA can be expensive, time-consuming, and requires complex infrastructure. A single evaluation can cost thousands of dollars and take days to complete. In contrast, non-agentic LLM benchmarks that test individual capabilities (e.g., reasoning, code generation) are fast and cheap to run. In this paper, we investigate whether performance on expensive agentic benchmarks can be accurate
Displacement Preserving Relational Distillation for Robust Medical Segmentation
arXiv:2607.04599v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate 3D medical segmentation is limited by anatomical variability and high computational costs. While knowledge distillation (KD) offers a route for model compression, conventional methods often fail to preserve complex structures and are overwhelmed by background noise. We propose Displacement-Preserving Relational Distillation (DPRD), which distills latent anatomical trajectories via vector based alignment to preserve the orientation and rel
Integrated Forward-Inverse Network for Lensless Image Reconstruction
arXiv:2607.04608v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Lensless imaging enables compact and versatile computational cameras by replacing bulky optics with thin coded elements. However, reconstruction from the resulting measurements is challenging: large-footprint point-spread functions (PSFs) produce highly multiplexed observations, making inversion severely ill-conditioned and sensitive to calibration errors and model mismatch. While deep learning approaches, including hybrid models that incorporate
Aperture-aware Dispersion 5-D Light-field Imaging Spectrometer
arXiv:2607.04635v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enhancing perceptual dimensions while miniaturizing imaging systems presents significant challenges for high-dimensional visual sensing. Conventionally, the acquisition of the 5D (x,y,u,v,{\lambda}) spectral light field (5D-SLF) data cube relies on bulky and expensive camera arrays, which are impractical for widespread application. Existing single-detector systems are fundamentally limited by a trade-off between the resolutions of different dimens
Enhancing Large Multimodal Models in Key Information Extraction via Scene-Aware Document Synthesis
arXiv:2607.04636v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Key Information Extraction (KIE) converts visually rich documents into structured data, but practical deployment remains challenging: strong performance often relies on costly on-server Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), while compact locally deployable models lack sufficient KIE supervision. We present SAYRE, a scene-aware document synthesis framework for generating scalable KIE training data without hand-crafted template design. Given a few exempla
PixelPilot: Scalable Vision-Language-Action Models for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
arXiv:2607.04637v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs), which leverage the advanced reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), show promising generalization in complex autonomous driving scenarios. Existing VLAs typically predict and optimize 3D trajectories from 2D images. While intuitive, this 2D-to-3D prediction is inherently entangled with camera parameters, leading to limited data scalability across heterogeneous driving datasets. Moreover, direc
Enhancing Video Physical Consistency via Role-aware Joint Training and Modality-decoupled Denoising
arXiv:2607.04653v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While modern video diffusion models excel in visual fidelity, maintaining long-range physical consistency remains a formidable challenge. Conventional pixel-reconstruction objectives mainly focus on appearance details and often fail to capture the underlying dynamics of a scene. To mitigate this, recent efforts have integrated auxiliary modalities (e.g., optical flow) to introduce physics priors via joint training with video appearance. However, t
Targeted Structure Completion for Sparse-View 3D Reconstruction in Autonomous Driving
arXiv:2607.04661v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reconstructing 3D scene structures from sparse, low-overlap observations remains a fundamental challenge in autonomous driving. Recent state-of-the-art frameworks achieve promising results by incorporating voxel-based Gaussians, but incur substantial computational redundancy due to a uniform volumetric processing strategy. To bridge the gap between the efficiency of pixel-based Gaussian methods and the structural completeness of voxel-based Gaussi
DiCE-CIR: Direct Composition Learning for Efficient Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval
arXiv:2607.04665v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Zero-shot composed image retrieval (ZS-CIR) aims to retrieve a target image from a multimodal query consisting of a reference image and an edit text describing the desired modification. Recent ZS-CIR studies have relied on projection-based methods that map a reference image into pseudo-word tokens in the text embedding space. However, such methods require additional projection and re-encoding steps, increasing training complexity, reducing efficie
GlaKG: A Biomarker-Centric Fundus Knowledge Graph for Explainable Glaucoma Diagnosis and Risk Assessment
arXiv:2607.04673v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, yet most automated diagnosis systems rely on opaque deep-learning models that offer little clinical interpretability. We present GlaKG, a biomarker-centric fundus knowledge graph that integrates structural biomarkers, clinically grounded rules, and image features to produce traceable reasoning for glaucoma diagnosis and risk stratification. GlaKG encodes six entity types (Fundus Imag
Video Generation Models Are Inherent Lighting Estimators
arXiv:2607.04674v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recovering dynamic environment maps from a single in-the-wild video is crucial for photorealistic rendering, yet remains a challenge. Recent video generation models can produce photorealistic scenes with complex lighting, possessing an inherent understanding of lighting. In this paper, we introduce V-LITE (Video generation models are inherent lighting estimators), a framework that unlocks this internal knowledge by reframing lighting estimation as
ICME 2026 Grand Challenge on Cross-Scenario Defect Detection and Fine-Grained Severity Grading for High-Precision Manufacturing
arXiv:2607.04675v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2026 Grand Challenge on Cross-Scenario Defect Detection and Fine-Grained Severity Grading for High-Precision Manufacturing. The challenge is motivated by two key limitations of existing industrial defect inspection systems: (1) current deep learning-based methods often suffer significant performance degradation when deployed in unseen production scenarios, and (2)
AnyStyle: A Single LoRA is Sufficient for Image-Guided Style Transfer
arXiv:2607.04677v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Image-guided style transfer aims to apply the artistic characteristics of a style image to a content image while preserving its semantic structure and layout. Despite advances in diffusion-based methods, existing approaches often face challenges in disentangling content and style, particularly when independently optimized adapters are naively combined, causing conflicts between adapters and limiting controllability over the content-style balance i
From Open Loop to Closed Loop: A Test-Time Iterative Optimization Framework for Reference-Consistent Image Generation
arXiv:2607.04691v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While controllable image generation has made significant strides by incorporating visual reference conditions, existing methods predominantly operate as open-loop systems. They inject control signals in a strictly feed-forward manner, failing to guarantee strict fidelity to the reference due to the absence of active feedback and error correction mechanisms. To address this fundamental limitation, we propose a novel test-time iterative optimization
Solve the Missing First Step: Can VLMs Standardize Raw Heterogeneous Medical Data?
arXiv:2607.04694v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly applied to medical AI, existing benchmarks mainly focus on evaluating their diagnosis ability over given medical images and texts, implicitly assuming that standardized medical images, texts or question-answer pairs are already prepared. However, this assumption does not hold when we apply VLMs in real clinical practice, where medical data is often raw, heterogeneous, and fragmented across differen
Probe-EM: Targeted Neuron Tracing via Training-Free Semantic Verification
arXiv:2607.04696v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Establishing large-scale, high-resolution neural connectivity maps is fundamental to elucidating the structural basis of brain function. However, when processing terabyte- or petabyte-scale electron microscopy data, over-segmentation inherent in automated reconstruction algorithms remains a critical bottleneck, requiring extensive manual proofreading spanning person-years. To alleviate the heavy reliance on annotated data and the limited flexibili
Learning Probabilistic Prompt for Continual Learning
arXiv:2607.04711v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continual learning aims to progressively learn from a sequence of tasks, each containing a disjoint subset of classes, while preserving previously learned knowledge. Prompt-based continual learning methods propose to learn a small set of parameters, i.e., prompts, by associating them with a query feature of an input image. These methods optimize the prompts, attempting to represent diverse patterns of images. However, we have observed that existin
Reference-Induced Consensus for Selective Posed-Reference Visual Localization
arXiv:2607.04722v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present RIC-Loc (Reference-Induced Consensus localization), a scene-training-free posed-reference localizer that is SfM-point-map-free in its main estimator: it uses known reference poses, but not precomputed SfM 3D map points, query-to-map 2D-3D matches, or query-to-map PnP. A frozen VGGT pass predicts local camera poses, depth, and query-reference tracks for a query and selected references. Each reference induces one map-frame SE(3) query-pos
SparseOcc++: Geometry-Aware Sparse Latent Representation for Semantic Occupancy Prediction
arXiv:2607.04732v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-based 3D semantic occupancy prediction is essential for autonomous driving, yet dense voxel representations waste computation on largely empty space, while BEV and TPV projections compromise fine-grained 3D structure. Fully sparse representations offer an attractive alternative, but existing methods, including SparseOcc, entangle scene completion with semantic prediction by indiscriminately propagating high-dimensional features into empty r
MergeSurv: Merging-Based Continual Learning for Survival Analysis on Whole-Slide Images
arXiv:2607.04747v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Survival analysis on Whole Slide Images (WSIs) is important in computational pathology for prognosis estimation and treatment planning. However, existing survival models are typically trained independently for each cancer cohort, making continual adaptation computationally expensive for gigapixel-scale WSIs. In this study, we propose MergeSurv, a merging-based continual learning framework for WSI survival analysis. A pathology vision-language foun
DeGenseGS: Geometrically and Semantically Decoupled Surgical Scene Understanding in 4D Gaussian Splatting
arXiv:2607.04761v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-time, text-promptable 4D reconstruction is indispensable for autonomous surgical interaction. Severe misalignment between semantic meaning and physical anatomy still persists, largely because existing solutions integrate Vision-Language Models into deformable fields via a rigid coupling scheme that tightly binds semantic features to geometric warping. In this paper, we propose DeGenseGS, Geometrically and Semantically Decoupled Surgical Scene
Elastic Gang: Per-Token Membership Change for a Hard-Barriered LLM Inference Gang Co-Scheduled with OS Processes
arXiv:2607.04668v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On-device LLM decoding is a hard-barriered CPU-SIMD computation that wants every core for milliseconds per token, while the rest of the OS wants those same cores continuously. A barriered gang cannot simply be dropped into a preemptive scheduler: an unannounced departure deadlocks a barrier, and an unannounced arrival silently corrupts logits. I present the elastic gang of Anima OS, a bare-metal x86-64 Rust kernel in which the inference gang is
Strategic Buying Agents
arXiv:2607.04708v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agentic AI is shifting online shopping from search toward delegated purchasing, where autonomous buying agents monitor markets and decide when to buy on a consumer's behalf. We study the design of such strategic buying agents, which must decide when to purchase within a finite shopping window, translating price observations, the remaining time horizon, and beliefs about future price changes into a purchase policy. We formulate this problem acros
RSPO: Reward-Swap Policy Optimization for Multi-Turn LLM Agents
arXiv:2607.04713v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning holds significant potential for training large language models (LLMs) to handle multi-turn interactive tasks. However, in long-horizon, multi-turn tasks characterized by sparse outcome rewards, directly training with outcome rewards often results in slow convergence due to the sparsity of signals and the lack of fine-grained feedback. Furthermore, the model may fail to learn successful trajectories that are not sampled dur
Dashboard2Code: Evaluating Multimodal Models on Reconstructing Interactive Dashboards
arXiv:2607.04727v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatic data visualization generation has advanced rapidly with multi-modal large language models, yet existing efforts largely focus on static charts and overlook the interactive dashboards commonly used for real-world data exploration. We introduce Dashboard2Code, a novel task that requires a model to proactively explore an interactive dashboard, acquire and integrate feedback from its own interactions (e.g., clicking and filtering), and gen
RustMizan: A Compilable, Contamination-Aware Benchmarking Framework for Rust Vulnerabilities
arXiv:2607.04729v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents are increasingly applied to vulnerability analysis, but existing benchmarks have not kept pace. They typically rely on small non-compilable snippets, focus on binary classification (vulnerable or not), and do not account for the risk that publicly-released datasets are part of model training corpora. We introduce RustMizan, a benchmarking framework for Rust vulnerability analysis that addresses these gaps. RustMizan contains compilabl
Trust Region Policy Distillation
arXiv:2607.04751v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Big goals are hard to achieve all at once; breaking them into small steps is wiser. We present Trust Region Policy Distillation (TOP-D), which transforms the notoriously unstable, high-variance On-Policy Distillation (OPD) into a stable training paradigm by dynamically constructing a proximal teacher. Theoretically, we establish a rigorous framework demonstrating that TOP-D inherently controls gradient variance. By providing a formal global conv
HamQASBench: A Hamiltonian-Informed Diagnostic Benchmark for Evaluating Quantum Architecture Search
arXiv:2607.04845v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum Architecture Search (QAS) automates the design of parameterized quantum circuits for variational quantum algorithms, yet existing benchmarks organize instances by molecular identity or qubit count -- criteria agnostic to Hamiltonian structure -- and rely solely on energy accuracy, which cannot detect structural failures such as over-parameterization on near-product ground states. We introduce HamQASBench, a Hamiltonian-informed diagnosti
Pretraining Curricula Enable Selective Fine-tuning
arXiv:2607.04846v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Transformers follow implicit curricula whereby some tasks are learned before others. However, how explicit pretraining curricula influence learning, generalization, and the selectivity of fine-tuning is unclear. This is important for AI safety, where fine-tuning is used to selectively suppress misaligned behaviors. Here, we compare curricula that pretrain tasks in a balanced (sampled uniformly) or an imbalanced (one task early, the other late) f
SynSFX: Multi-Model Sound Effects Synthesis Dataset for Deepfake Detection and Evaluation
arXiv:2607.04848v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While audio deepfake detection has advanced significantly, representative detectors show limited generalization to synthetic sound effects. Existing environmental audio datasets such as EnvSDD provide important initial resources, but remain limited in scale and generation provenance for studying isolated sound-effect deepfakes. To support this direction, we present SynSFX, a large-scale corpus of 43374 clips (26452 synthetic, 16922 real) spannin
EventCoT: Event-centric Video Chain-of-thought for Reasoning Temporal Localization
arXiv:2607.04872v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reasoning temporal localization (RTL) requires a model to generate an answer that itself contains the time interval supporting it, so high-level reasoning and precise temporal grounding must be produced jointly in a single response. To tackle this challenging task, we propose the first event-centric video chain-of-thought framework, dubbed EventCoT. EventCoT first performs event-centric tokenization of the input video to convert it into compact
Input Pathways Shape Few-Shot, Not Zero-Shot, Binding in Tiny Transformers: A Fully-Enumerable Study
arXiv:2607.04926v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: How does the way information reaches a transformer -- as symbolic tokens, a clean per-factor "oracle" code, or an entangled perceptual vector -- shape whether it binds that information compositionally? We study ~6-10K-parameter transformers on finite factored worlds enumerated exhaustively, so every measurement covers the whole input space (zero sampling variance) and the informative routes are information-matched (exact Bayes ceiling 1.0). We r
DSWAM: A Dual-System World Action Foundation Model for Fine-Grained Robot Manipulation
arXiv:2607.04927v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World Action Models (WAMs) provide a promising alternative to Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies by using video-based world modeling as dense supervision for robot action learning. Existing WAMs excel at physically grounded execution, but typically lack the explicit language-level planning interface in VLM-based VLAs for decomposing coarse instructions. Such decomposition becomes important when household tasks involve complex multi-step goals
MemPose: Category-level Object Pose Estimation with Memory
arXiv:2607.04930v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In the pursuit of robust and generalizable category-level object pose estimation, most existing methods adopt parametric formulations that learn effective representations from data, yet they primarily encode category-level patterns into fixed shape priors or static parameter weights, which limits their scalability to highly diverse instances. In this paper, we rethink category-level pose estimation from a memory-centric perspective and present M
Multi-Robot Open Adaptive Teaming Across Unseen Environments, Partners, and Scales
arXiv:2607.04972v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deploying robot teams in the real world requires simultaneous adaptation to unseen environments, unknown partners, and varying team sizes, yet existing approaches often address these challenges in isolation under the closed-world assumption of fixed teammates. We formalize this as open adaptive multi-robot teaming and propose a hypergraphic-form game formulation that captures team-level cooperative relationships beyond pairwise interactions, pro
Joint Velocity Slope Diffusion Prior for Structurally Constrained Velocity Model Building
arXiv:2607.04982v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: High-resolution velocity models are crucial for reservoir characterization and subsurface delineation. However, the band limited nature of our surface recorded data limits resolution. Utilizing well measurements to enhance the resolution of our subsurface models is an important objective. To this end, we present a diffusion-guided framework for structurally preconditioned velocity-model reconstruction from sparse well-log information. The propos
LLM for the development of FCM
arXiv:2607.04983v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This article is about the development of a fuzzy cognitive map using a local large language model. In the light of recent advances it is evident that large language models, and even local large language models are capable of extracting quantities from textual data. In other words, a local LLM like Qwen2.5-32B, or probably larger, can accept entities as prompt input and determine relevant quantitative data as the model output. In turn, this outpu
The Map Behind the Flow: Finite-Step Gradient Descent as a Dynamical System
arXiv:2607.04993v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many phenomena of deep learning are dynamical: they concern not only which minima exist, but how gradient descent reaches, avoids, or selects among them. Edge-of-stability behavior, sharpness oscillations, catapult phases, balancing, and movement toward flatter representations are effects of the training map itself, and are poorly captured by the small-step gradient-flow limit. This paper studies fixed-step gradient descent as a discrete dynam
TACTIC-KG: Toward Small Agent Teams for Cyber Threat Intelligence Knowledge Graph Construction
arXiv:2607.05001v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reports are predominantly unstructured, heterogeneous, and noisy, which limits their direct usability for automated analysis and reasoning. Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs (CSKGs) provide a structured representation of adversarial entities, actions, and relations, but constructing such graphs from free-text CTI remains a challenge. Recent approaches rely on monolithic Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform end-to-
Comparison of Loss Functions for Robust Deep Learning-based Echocardiography Segmentation when Learning with Partially Labelled Data from Multiple Domains
arXiv:2607.05008v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Echocardiography is the first imaging modality used for assessing cardiac function, and accurate segmentation of cardiac structures is essential for deriving biomarkers. However, the development of effective automated segmentation models for multiple cardiac structures is challenged by the difficulty of training on datasets from different sources that are often partially-labelled. This study aims to address this challenge by evaluating the perfo
ImputeECG: Deep Learning Reconstruction of Complete 12-Lead Electrocardiograms from Incomplete Recordings for Cardiac Assessment
arXiv:2607.05009v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Complete digital 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) are essential for AI-enabled cardiovascular assessment, yet many clinical ECG records, particularly those digitized from ECG images, remain incomplete because of short display formats, incomplete waveform digitization, lead loss, or signal corruption. We developed ImputeECG, a mask-conditioned one-dimensional Transformer autoencoder that completes 12-lead, 10-s ECGs while retaining all observed
DGSeg: Dynamic Gating of Semantic-Spatial Guided Predictions for Reasoning Segmentation
arXiv:2607.04779v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning segmentation aims to predict pixel-wise masks for targets given complex language queries. Existing approaches leverage Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for vision-language reasoning and generate intermediate target cues (e.g., points or boxes) to guide a segmentation model. However, compressing rich reasoning into sparse cues often introduces ambiguity and noise, preventing these cues from accurately preserving the reasoning inte
LILAC: Layer-Wise Independent LoRAs and Cascaded Conditioning for Multi-Concept Customization of Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.04801v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personalizing text-to-image diffusion models to render several specific subjects in a coherent image remains challenging: the model must preserve each subject's identity while keeping the scene spatially and visually coherent. Methods that fuse independently trained concept adapters in a shared weight space (via federated averaging, gradient fusion, or orthogonality constraints) suffer from identity confusion and style bleeding and require joint r
TGRIP: A Text-Guided Approach to Vehicle Instance Prediction in Autonomous Driving
arXiv:2607.04812v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bird's-Eye View (BEV) end-to-end instance prediction has emerged as a robust paradigm for autonomous driving perception, effectively mitigating the error propagation inherent in traditional modular pipelines. However, current state-of-the-art approaches rely predominantly on geometric supervision, such as occupancy regression and optical flow, effectively treating scene agents as generic moving obstacles. This absence of explicit semantic awarenes
PAGE: Towards Practical Human-level Gaze Target Estimation
arXiv:2607.04860v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Gaze target estimation, the task of predicting where a person is looking in a scene, is crucial to understanding human attention and intent. It is a challenging task that combines high-level understanding of global scene semantics and precise spatial reasoning using human appearance (e.g. pose, eye orientation). As a result, human-level performance remains elusive for existing models, limiting their practical application. To this end, we propose P
HunyuanOCR-1.5: Making Lightweight OCR VLMs Faster and Better
arXiv:2607.04884v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present HunyuanOCR-1.5, a lightweight end-to-end OCR-specialized vision-language model. HunyuanOCR unifies document parsing, text spotting, information extraction, text-image translation, and multi-image document understanding within a single end-to-end VLM. Building upon the lightweight architecture of HunyuanOCR-1.0, HunyuanOCR-1.5 does not redesign the backbone, but systematically improves both efficiency and capability. For efficiency, we a
ProCon: Projection-Consistency Memory for Training-Free Anomaly Detection
arXiv:2607.04894v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Memory-based anomaly detection is attractive because it localizes defects from normal images without training a decoder or synthesizing pseudo anomalies. However, most memory methods still use the memory bank as a nearest-neighbor lookup table: a test patch is treated as normal if it has one nearby normal anchor. This hard retrieval view is vulnerable to false-normal matches and does not test whether the patch is consistently supported by a local
3DMPE: 3D Multi-Perspective Embedding
arXiv:2607.04898v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study 3D point cloud reconstruction from multiple partially observed 2D projections. Given two or more projections of an unknown 3D point cloud, together with cross-view point correspondences and visibility information, our goal is to recover a consistent 3D configuration when different views contain different subsets of points. We propose 3D Multi-Perspective Embedding (3DMPE), an optimization-based, training-free method that reconstructs the
Virtual Category-Guided Continual Generalized Category Discovery
arXiv:2607.04984v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continual Generalized Category Discovery (C-GCD) aims to incrementally identify novel categories from sequential unlabeled data while preserving recognition of known classes, which is an essential capability for open-world visual learning. A major bottleneck lies in ambiguous unlabeled samples that cannot be confidently assigned to known classes nor reliably grouped as novel ones, making pseudo-labeling brittle and often biasing learning toward fa
Geometry-aware Depth-guided Representation Learning for Structure-preserving Low-light Image Enhancement
arXiv:2607.05005v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Low-light degradation reduces image visibility and weakens structural cues that are important for visual representation and scene understanding. Existing low-light image enhancement methods mainly focus on appearance restoration, while insufficiently exploiting scene geometry to preserve structural consistency. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a Depth-guided Multi-scale Attention Network (DMSA-Net) for geometry-aware low-light image
Unsupervised Pixel-Level Semantic Left-Right Understanding of In-the-Wild Images
arXiv:2607.05006v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While various works address reflective symmetry understanding in 3D data and images, pixel-level semantic left-right prediction of in-the-wild images remains challenging, due to certain difficulties including the lack of 3D information, occlusion, object pose variation, partiality, etc. In this work, we propose an unsupervised learning framework to tackle this challenge. Leveraging recent advances in vertex-wise semantic left-right understanding o
RUFNet: Query-Guided Support Mask Refinement and Uncertainty Fusion based on Hybrid Mamba for Few-Shot Brain Tumor Segmentation
arXiv:2607.05035v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Few-shot brain tumor segmentation remains challenging due to noisy support masks, inter-patient variations between support and query images, and the lack of pixel-wise confidence estimation. This study proposes RUFNet, a Hybrid Mamba-based few-shot framework that combines support mask refinement with uncertainty-aware posterior fusion. To preserve support-query dependencies with manageable cost, RUFNet adopts a Hybrid Mamba interaction backbone wi
Consistent and Editable: A Balanced Framework for Text-Guided Video Editing
arXiv:2607.05056v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recently, diffusion models have achieved considerable success in the text-guided video editing domain. However, existing works often struggle to balance the trade-off between temporal consistency and editability in video editing, with consistency and editability typically being inversely related. To address this, we propose a high-quality video editing framework enhanced for consistency and editability, named EquiEdit, which improves coordinativel
LangLoc: "Tell Me What You See"
arXiv:2607.05077v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We tackle fine-grained indoor localization from natural language: given a free-form description of one's surroundings, estimate the observer's 2D position and heading within a known 3D environment. Language queries are lightweight, privacy-preserving, and need no camera - yet prior work stops at coarse scene retrieval and cannot resolve an intra-scene pose. We close this gap with LangLoc, a three-stage pipeline that (i) retrieves the correct scene
TimeThink: Reasoning with Time for Video LLMs
arXiv:2607.05089v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video reasoning requires models to identify and verify temporally localized evidence within long video sequences. Recent Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) have shown promising reasoning abilities when aligned with reinforcement learning, yet existing approaches typically rely on outcome-based rewards that supervise only the final prediction. Such supervision provides limited guidance on how models should discover the relevant temporal evide
Be Indiscrete: The Benefits of Learning Continuous Spine Degeneration Severity Scores
arXiv:2607.05090v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Lumbar spine degeneration is a major contributor to chronic low back pain and is routinely assessed on MRI using ordinal grading systems, e.g. normal, mild, moderate, severe. Consequently, most approaches to train models to grade these MRIs formulate grading as a multi-class classification problem, treating ordinal grades as categorical, ignoring differences in misclassification severity, and imposing hard decision boundaries on a continuous disea
Green for Go, Red for No: Visual Grounding via Semantic Segmentation for VLA Navigation Policies
arXiv:2607.05122v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models enable robot navigation from natural language and visual goals, but remain susceptible to perceptual distractions and ambiguous scene interpretations. This paper presents the first empirical evaluation of visual grounding for VLA navigation policies. We propose a real-time segmentation-based grounding method that highlights traversable areas in green and non-traversable areas in red using SegFormer. Two variants
UNIVERSE: Unified Video Action Models for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Mask-Modulated Modality Generation
arXiv:2607.05133v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World Action Models (WAMs) have shown strong potential for improving action generalization in autonomous driving by using future video prediction as dense supervision for scene dynamics and temporal causality. However, it remains unclear which architecture better transfers video-modeling benefits to trajectory generation. Existing cascaded or dual-DiT designs separate video imagination from action prediction, weakening the transfer of video-learne
Claim-Level Rubric Rewards for Video Caption Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2607.05150v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we introduce Claim-Level Rubric Rewards (CuRe), a structured reward framework designed to address the reward-design bottleneck in reinforcement learning for dense video captioning. Existing reward designs generally fall into two categories: holistic response-level judgment across heterogeneous criteria, or alignment-based evaluation against reference captions. However, both paradigms suffer from fundamental limitations. Holistic rew
FSDC-DETR: A Frequency-Spatial Domain Collaborative DETR for Small Object Detection
arXiv:2607.05176v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Small object detection (SOD) remains a challenging task in real-world applications. Despite recent advances, existing detectors remain limited by rigid processing that entangle spatial aggregation with implicit frequency aliasing and truncation, leading to inadequate preservation of high-frequency components for SOD. To tackle these limitations, we propose a Frequency-Spatial Domain Collaborative Detection Transformer (FSDC-DETR), a novel collabor
Causal-RetiGraph: Cross-Cohort Retinal Support and Same-Subject Pathway Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy
arXiv:2607.05204v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a local retinal lesion process and a visible manifestation of systemic microvascular injury. Modern retinal AI can grade images accurately, but often leaves unanswered how local lesion evidence, retinal vascular structure, and systemic disease pathways are connected. This paper introduces \emph{Causal-RetiGraph}, a compact biomedical informatics framework that links retinal graph phenotypes with NHANES-anchored pathway
Hyperparameter Transfer in Graph Neural Networks
arXiv:2607.05017v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The performance of deep learning models crucially depends on the settings of hyperparameters like learning rate, initialization scale, and weight decay. Hyperparameter transfer aims to make near-optimal hyperparameter settings consistent across model scale, so that large models can be optimized by proxy tuning their smaller, cheaper-to-optimize counterparts. While transfer principles are well-studied in the context of dense neural networks in la
Your Agent's Memories Are Not Its Own: Forged Reasoning Attacks on LLM Agent Memory and Defenses
arXiv:2607.05029v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Persistent memory has enabled large language model (LLM) agents to store factual knowledge, prior decisions, reasoning histories, tool usage information, and context. While this has improved the agent's functionality and continuity across tasks, it has also introduced a new attack surface: the agent's own reasoning history. In this paper, we introduce the Forged Amplifying Rationale Memory Attack (FARMA), which poisons an agent's remembered reas
LLM-Based Test Oracles: Source-of-Authority Taxonomy -- A Systematic Literature Review
arXiv:2607.05031v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to produce test oracles, the part of a test that decides whether observed behavior is correct. Yet a clear account of where these oracles draw their authority is missing. Prior secondary studies organize the area by oracle form or by LLM technique. None organizes it by the source of the verdict's authority, the property that governs how far a verdict can be trusted. This article presents a syste
AIFS-SUBS: Extending Data-Driven Forecasting to Sub-Seasonal Timescales
arXiv:2607.05100v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data-driven models now rival numerical weather prediction in the medium range, but extending them to sub-seasonal lead times raises challenges absent at shorter horizons. Errors accumulate over long autoregressive rollouts, systematic biases grow with lead time, and several years of data must be held out for independent verification, even though machine-learning models otherwise benefit from longer training records. To address these challenges
Grokking Is Conditional and Fragile: A Fully-Tractable, Multi-Seed Study at 12K Parameters
arXiv:2607.05104v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Grokking -- the delayed onset of generalization long after a network has fit its training set - -is usually studied in models too large to read completely and reported from single training runs. We instead study a publicly released ~11,856-parameter Llama-style transformer (Glimmer-1-Base) on modular arithmetic, small enough to enumerate its weights, attention, and full input-output map, and we measure grokking as a multi-seed rate rather than a
Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cycle
arXiv:2607.05125v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents an exploratory evaluation of how increasing levels of AI autonomy affect software development productivity, requirement adherence, and developer cognitive workload. A team of four developers reimplemented the same full-stack web application across three sequential phases: partial AI-assisted development using GitHub Copilot, an AI-exclusive workflow using GitHub Copilot, and an AI-exclusive workflow using AWS Kiro. Evaluation
PDEFlow: Autonomous Agentic PDE Pipelines for Neural Operator Learning and Solver-Free Inference
arXiv:2607.05134v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present PDEFlow, an autonomous agentic framework that turns user-level ODE and PDE descriptions into solver-backed neural-operator pipelines. The workflow links problem specification, data generation, operator training, and checkpoint-based inference. A stateful input graph converts multi-turn natural-language input and user edits into validated problem specifications. The data-generation module then samples parameters, solves the configured
Relational Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Pricing in High-Speed Railway Markets
arXiv:2607.05179v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In liberalised railway systems, operators must set prices dynamically in an environment with partial observability, as they retain private information about their objectives and performance, where regulatory constraints prohibit communication or direct information exchange between competitors to prevent explicit collusion. Consequently, agents must learn to infer strategic interactions only from observable market data which presents a significan
When Claws Remember but Do Not Tell: Stealthy Memory Injection in Persistent Personal Agents
arXiv:2607.05189v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Persistent personal agents combine long-term memory with access to users' external environments, enabling personalized foreground assistance and proactive background execution. This integration also creates a new path to compromise: untrusted external content can be silently written into persistent memory and later reused as trusted state. We study this threat as stealth memory injection, in which a remote black-box adversary delivers a single e
Optimizing ML Workload Partitioning between CPUs and CIM Accelerators for Heterogeneous Computing
arXiv:2607.05240v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computing-in-Memory (CIM) accelerators execute Matrix-Vector Multiplications (MVMs) in memory, making them a compelling solution for Machine Learning (ML) workloads. However, existing ML workload partitioning approaches for CIM accelerators do not fully account for Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) constraints such as limited memory, high write latency, and limited endurance. They also neglect parallelism, low-level architectural effects, or
Shifting from Discrete to Continuous Reference Data: QSM-Derived Horizontal Tree Biomass Distribution for Deep Learning Biomass Estimation
arXiv:2607.05260v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Conventional modeling approaches for LiDAR-based above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation rely on discrete plot-level inventory aggregates. This methodology introduces boundary-effect uncertainties that may severely degrade model performance within small field plots. To solve this limitation, we evaluate a Horizontal Biomass Distribution (HBD) reference mapped continuously from Quantitative Structure Models (QSMs). We trained a sparse 3D U-Net on s
Adaptive Inference Batching using Policy Gradients
arXiv:2607.05272v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference serving systems must balance throughput and latency under bursty, heterogeneous workloads, yet the industry standard remains static batching policies that require manual tuning and cannot adapt to shifting traffic. We investigate whether reinforcement learning (RL) can learn adaptive batching and routing policies that outperform these heuristics, training REINFORCE and PPO agents on a discrete-event simulator validated against queuing
ProPS: Prompted Profile Synthesis for Natural Language-Conditioned Speaker Embedding Distributions
arXiv:2607.05276v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speaker embeddings, or x-vectors, are widely used to represent speaker identity and speaker-related attributes, but existing embedding extractors are typically descriptive rather than generative: they map an observed speech segment to an x-vector, which is then used for downstream applications. We introduce ProPS, Prompted Profile Synthesis, a framework for generating distributions of speaker embeddings conditioned on natural language prompts su
Wavelet Scattering Transform for Interpretable Schizophrenia Biomarker Discovery and Classification from Resting-State EEG
arXiv:2607.05282v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by profound cortical network dysregulation, for which objective, clinically translatable EEG based biomarkers remain underdeveloped. Existing automated classification pipelines rely predominantly on static power spectral density features inherently blind to amplitude modulation dynamics and cross-frequency coupling, phenomena central to schizophrenia pathophysiology, while a
Air Quality Downscaling with Station-Guided Pseudo-Supervision
arXiv:2607.05292v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Super-resolving coarse atmospheric fields to local PM$_{2.5}$ variations is uniquely challenged by a mismatch in spatial support: while pixels represent regional averages, ground-truth observations are discrete, unaligned samples of a continuous spatial signal. To bridge this gap, we present a station-guided framework for high-resolution PM$_{2.5}$ downscaling over Europe. Taking coarse CAMS atmospheric composition fields alongside heterogeneous
Topological Shape Representation for Aneurysm -- Bifurcation Detection
arXiv:2607.05317v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated detection of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) from CT angiography (CTA) is severely hindered by high false-positive rates. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) rely on local pixel intensities, causing systematic confusion between saccular aneurysms and vascular bifurcations -- a problem especially acute for small lesions (
Multiplayer Interactive World Models with Representation Autoencoders
arXiv:2607.05352v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce the first multiplayer world model for highly dynamic environments governed by complex physical interactions. Whereas single-player world models treat the other agents as part of the environment, ours conditions on the action streams of multiple agents, learning to attribute changes in the scene to the correct player and to stay coherent under arbitrary combinations of their actions. We study this problem in the game of Rocket League
Cortex: A Bidirectionally Aligned Embodied Agent Framework for Long-horizon Manipulation
arXiv:2607.05377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise toward generalist manipulation policies, they struggle with long-horizon tasks due to their Markovian nature-relying solely on current observations. Hierarchical dual-system methods address this but suffer from a gap between high-level planning semantics and low-level execution kinematics. We introduce Cortex, a bidirectionally aligned embodied agent framework with a customized planni
Search Beyond What Can Be Taught: Evolving the Knowledge Boundary in Agentic Visual Generation
arXiv:2607.05382v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual generators excel at rendering, but they confidently fabricate what they do not know. User requests are unbounded, evolving, and deeply long-tailed: new characters, trending entities, post-cutoff events, and more. This world-knowledge bottleneck is structural: generators are trained on fixed corpora, but the visual world is open-ended. We construct SearchGen-20K and SearchGen-Bench, with 20,839 prompts spanning twelve failure categories an
From Fixed to Free Cameras: Calibration-Free View-Robust Vision-Language-Action Model
arXiv:2607.05396v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world robot deployment rarely maintains the training-stage camera setup, where cameras often experience repositioning or remounting depending on actual scenarios. Existing view-robust Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies tolerate such camera variations only when the camera extrinsics are explicitly provided, making them fragile and hard to use especially when view robustness is critical. We argue that the policy should not be told where th
An event-driven framework for fly-inspired visual motion detection
arXiv:2607.05205v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fast and reliable motion detection is essential for machine vision and autonomous systems operating in dynamic environments. This work integrates emerging event-based sensing with biologically structured neural computation to establish an efficient computational paradigm for visual motion detection. The proposed framework is built upon a recently developed fly-inspired neural network that emulates motion-processing circuits in the optic lobe. Owin
Probing Geospatial SSL Representations with Environmental Signals
arXiv:2607.05207v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-supervised learning (SSL) is designed to learn generic, transferable representations rather than representations optimized for a single task. Most geospatial benchmarks evaluate representations solely through downstream tasks, providing limited insight into the information encoded within the representation itself. We ask a different question: do SSL representations of satellite imagery preserve statistical associations with environmental vari
A Multimodal Reasoning Typology for Grounding Chart-Image Coherence in Science Communication
arXiv:2607.05222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Charts and images appear together throughout scientific publications, yet most computational work does not characterize their coherence. We argue that a chart, its accompanying image, and the caption that links them form a multimodal unit, and that the inferential work required to read it varies systematically. To capture this variation, we develop a typology of reasoning gaps, R1 through R5, that characterizes how chart, image, and text jointly c
GUSH3R: Everyone Everywhere All at Once as Gaussians
arXiv:2607.05243v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reconstructing dynamic human-scene environments from monocular videos is a challenging problem that requires jointly modeling scene geometry, camera motion, and non-rigid human dynamics while enabling photorealistic rendering. Recent feed-forward methods can efficiently predict geometry, but they are often limited to non-photorealistic representations such as point clouds and meshes, or they fail to handle non-rigid objects, particularly dynamic h
Repurposing CLIP to Localize at Pixel Level
arXiv:2607.05253v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large-scale Vision-Language Models like CLIP have demonstrated impressive open-set localization capabilities at the image level. However, adapting this capability to pixel-level dense prediction poses challenges due to global feature biases. In this paper, we introduce CLIPix, a simple yet effective framework that repurposes CLIP to perform pixel-level localization. By tracing back CLIP's classification process, CLIPix identifies object-specific a
FlowMark: Mask-Guided Video Watermarking
arXiv:2607.05261v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present FlowMark, a video watermarking framework guided by automatically predicted object masks. In contrast to prior region-based approaches that require user-supplied mask guidance, FlowMark learns to identify optimal regions for watermark embedding through a dedicated Mask Predictor network. Our end-to-end trainable architecture combines region-aware encoding with noise-augmented training to ensure robustness against compression, geometric t
Is the Geometry Doing the Work? An Operating-Point Audit of Hierarchy in Hyperbolic Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2607.05268v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Whether a hyperbolic representation model uses its geometry cannot be read off its curvature parameter: what matters is the dimensionless operating point $\sqrt{c}\rho$ and whether the radial and cone machinery is active there. We develop a battery of necessary-condition diagnostics and audit three published hyperbolic vision-language families -- MERU, HyCoCLIP, and PHyCLIP -- across released checkpoints and controlled interventions on a fixed GRI
Erasing Without Collateral Damage: Precise Concept Removal in Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.05274v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training-free concept erasure is an attractive mechanism for controlling text-to-image diffusion models, but precise erasure often comes at the cost of damaging semantically related non-target concepts. Existing value-space methods remove the component of each cross-attention value along the target concept direction, implicitly treating target identity and shared visual structure as the same signal. We argue that this is the source of much of the
ChatImage: Navigating Long-Form LLM Answers through Interactive Images
arXiv:2607.05290v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce detailed answers to complex queries, but these answers are typically presented as dense linear text, which makes fine-grained inspection, navigation, and return visits difficult. We present ChatImage, a system that converts long-form LLM answers into interactive visual images. Given a textual answer, ChatImage first normalizes its content into structured visual modules, plans a visual layout, and renders a
CenSynCMB: Centre Maps and Physics-Guided Synthesis for Microbleed Detection
arXiv:2607.05325v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are MRI markers of small vessel disease and the microbleed component of amyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA-H), but their small size, sparsity, and similarity to vessels, calcification-like foci, and artefacts make automated detection difficult. We propose CenSynCMB, a centre-guided and mimic-aware framework combining a 3D Attention U-Net, auxiliary centre-map supervision, false-negative-driven reweighting, and
WildSplat: Feedforward Gaussian Splatting from Unposed In-the-Wild Images
arXiv:2607.05347v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While feedforward 3D reconstruction excels at efficient novel view synthesis, it typically falters when faced with scenes under varying illumination. To this end, we introduce WildSplat, the first feedforward 3D Gaussian Splatting framework capable of appearance-conditioned novel-view synthesis for unposed in-the-wild images. To handle inconsistent photometric conditions, we propose a dual-branch architecture that explicitly decouples geometry fro
Beyond Isolated Objects: Relationship-aware Open Vocabulary Scene Understanding via 3D Scene Graph Analysis
arXiv:2607.05348v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding aims to segment 3D scenes beyond predefined categories by transferring semantic knowledge from vision-language models. Existing methods have advanced this task by lifting language-aligned 2D features into 3D, yet they often rely on context-independent semantic representations, leaving object relationships underexplored for contextual refinement. We propose RelGraphOV, a relationship-aware framework that uses
Geometric Reciprocity: Unlocking Self-Supervision for Stereoscopic Video Generation
arXiv:2607.05354v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Monocular-to-stereo conversion synthesizes stereoscopic content from 2D videos for immersive 3D experiences. In modern Depth-Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) approaches, stereo inpainting of disocclusions is the critical bottleneck. Training-based methods achieve superior quality but rely on scarce stereo pairs or synthetic data with domain gaps. We address this through the first self-supervised framework learning from monocular videos via cycle consi
ReCal3R: Reliability-Calibrated Learning Rates for Streaming 3D Reconstruction
arXiv:2607.05356v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Streaming 3D reconstruction relies on a compact recurrent scene state to process long image streams in linear time and bounded memory. However, repeated updates can gradually corrupt this state, causing reliable historical information to be overwritten by noisy or ambiguous observations. We introduce ReCal3R, a reliability-calibrated learning rate method for recurrent 3D reconstruction. Instead of directly applying a candidate learning rate, our m
PixWorld: Unifying 3D Scene Generation and Reconstruction in Pixel Space
arXiv:2607.05373v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 3D reconstruction and generation are commonly tackled by separate paradigms: pixel-based regression for reconstruction, and latent diffusion for generation. Recent works attempt to unify them in latent space, but with notable drawbacks: the diffusion objective is defined on latent features rather than the underlying 3D representation, and both branches suffer from information loss introduced by latent encoding, while requiring a pretrained Variati
MV-Forcing: Long Multi-View Video Generation via 4D-Grounded Spatio-Temporal Self-Forcing
arXiv:2607.05376v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in video diffusion models have enabled either long single-view generation through temporal autoregression, or short multi-view synthesis through bidirectional attention. However, generating long, multi-view consistent videos of dynamic scenes remains unsolved. In this work, we present MV-Forcing, a framework that composes temporal and view-wise autoregression within a single diffusion model by introducing a 4D geometric bridge betw
InFlux++: Real and Synthetic Data for Estimating Dynamic Camera Intrinsics
arXiv:2607.05389v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Camera intrinsics are vital for recovering 3D structure from 2D video. However, most 3D algorithms assume fixed intrinsics throughout a video, an assumption that often fails for real-world in-the-wild videos. Consequently, estimating per-frame intrinsics from RGB images is critical for making 3D methods robust to videos with dynamic intrinsics. InFlux previously advanced this research direction by establishing the first real-world benchmark with p
MedMambaLite: Hardware-Aware Mamba for Medical Image Classification
arXiv:2508.05049v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI-powered medical devices have driven the need for real-time, on-device inference such as biomedical image classification. Deployment of deep learning models at the edge is now used for applications such as anomaly detection and classification in medical images. However, achieving this level of performance on edge devices remains challenging due to limitations in model size and computational capacity. To address this, we present MedMambaLite, a
Direct Time-of-Flight Measurement Accuracy Improvement With Perimeter-Gated SPADs
arXiv:2607.02546v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Direct time of flight (dToF) measurements are susceptible to errors because of system-level and circuit-level timing jitters. In addition, device-level uncertainty stemming from the dark noise of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) contributes to the aggregated error. We demonstrate that perimeter gating can help reduce the device-level detection inaccuracy for SPAD devices by reducing the dark noise probability. Specifically, in this work, we
EVA-Client: A Unified Data Collection, Inference, and Deployment Framework for Embodied Policies on Real Robots
arXiv:2607.02646v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present EVA-Client, an open-source framework for deployment, data collection, and evaluation of trained manipulation policies on real robots. Sitting between a policy server and the physical hardware, EVA-Client unifies the real-robot stages of the policy iteration loop within a single codebase. It makes three contributions. First, a component-decoupled architecture in which robot backends, inference strategies, and transport middlewares form
Neuro-symbolic Weak Supervision: Theory and Semantics
arXiv:2503.18509v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Weak supervision enables machine learning models to learn from limited or noisy labels, but it introduces challenges in reliability and semantic clarity, particularly in multi-instance partial label learning (MI-PLL), where models must resolve both ambiguous supervision signals and uncertain instance-label mappings. This paper proposes a semantics for a neuro-symbolic framework that integrates inductive logic programming (ILP) to structure MI-
Serious Games: Human-AI Interaction, Evolution, and Coevolution
arXiv:2505.16388v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The serious games between humans and AI have only just begun. Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) models the competitive and cooperative strategies of biological entities. EGT could help predict the potential evolutionary equilibrium of humans and AI. The objective of this work was to examine EGT models relevant to human-AI interaction, evolution, and co-evolution. Of thirteen EGT models considered, three were examined: the Hawk-Dove Game, Iterated
Shutdownable Agents through POST-Agency
arXiv:2505.20203v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many fear that future artificial agents will resist shutdown. I present an idea - the POST-Agents Proposal - for ensuring that doesn't happen. I propose that we train agents to satisfy Preferences Only Between Same-Length Trajectories (POST). I then prove that POST - together with other conditions - implies Neutrality+: the agent maximizes expected utility, ignoring the probability distribution over trajectory-lengths. I argue that Neutrality+
AI's Blind Spots: Geographic Knowledge and Diversity Deficit in Generated Urban Scenario
arXiv:2506.16898v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion-based text-to-image models are increasingly used for urban analysis and scenario generation, but their geographic knowledge and representational biases remain poorly understood. We evaluate FLUX 1-schnell and Stable Diffusion 3.5-Large in the United States by generating 150 street-view images for each state, each state capital, and a generic "USA" prompt. Images are embedded with DINO-v2 ViT-S/14 and compared with Fr\'echet Inception
Policy Improvement with Style-Specific Demonstrations
arXiv:2506.16995v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Proficient game agents with diverse play styles enrich the gaming experience and enhance the replay value of games. However, recent advancements in game AI based on reinforcement learning have predominantly focused on improving proficiency, whereas methods based on evolution algorithms generate agents with diverse play styles but exhibit subpar performance compared to RL methods. To address this gap, this paper proposes Mixed Proximal Policy O
Interactive Multi-Objective Probabilistic Preference Learning with Soft and Hard Bounds
arXiv:2506.21887v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: High-stakes decision-making involves navigating multiple competing objectives with expensive evaluations. For instance, in brachytherapy, clinicians must balance maximizing tumor coverage (e.g., an aspirational target or soft bound of >95% coverage) against strict organ dose limits (e.g., a non-negotiable hard bound of
A Technical Survey of Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Large Language Models
arXiv:2507.04136v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This survey offers a comprehensive foundation on the integration of RL with language models, highlighting prominent algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), Q-Learning, and Actor-Critic methods. Additionally, it provides an extensive technical overview of RL techniques specifically tailored for LLMs, including foundational methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and AI Feedback (RLAIF), as well as advanced
Activation-Deactivation: A General Framework for Robust Post-hoc Explainable AI
arXiv:2510.01038v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Perturbation-based explainability methods face criticism due to their reliance on out-of-distribution mutants. This raises doubts about the quality of the explanations. In this paper, we introduce a novel forward pass paradigm, Activation-Deactivation (AD), which obviates the need for perturbation of the input. AD replaces perturbation of input features with switching off parts of the model corresponding to to the intended perturbations. We im
A Unified Geometric Space for Topological Alignment Between Transformer-Based Models and Human Brain Networks
arXiv:2510.24342v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Whether artificial neural networks organize information comparably to the human brain remains unclear. Prior brain--AI alignment studies are constrained by specific inputs and tasks, limiting cross-modal comparison. Here we introduce a brain--model topological alignment space, mapping Transformer attention topology onto human intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) to enable task-free, modality-agnostic comparison. Analyzing 151 Transformer-bas
Optimal-Agent-Selection: State-Aware Routing Framework for Efficient Multi-Agent Collaboration
arXiv:2511.02200v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The emergence of multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) has unlocked new frontiers in complex task-solving, enabling diverse agents to integrate unique expertise, collaborate flexibly, and address challenges unattainable for individual models. However, the full potential of such systems is hindered by rigid agent scheduling and inefficient coordination strategies that fail to adapt to evolving task requirements. In this pa
Turbo-Muon: Almost-Orthogonal Pre-Conditioning for Fast Muon Updates
arXiv:2512.04632v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Orthogonality-based optimizers, such as Muon, have recently shown strong performance across large-scale training and community-driven efficiency challenges. However, these methods rely on a costly gradient orthogonalization step. Even efficient iterative approximations such as Newton-Schulz remain expensive, typically requiring dozens of matrix multiplications to converge. We introduce a pre-conditioning procedure that improves the initializat
OpenTinker: Separating Concerns in Agentic Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2601.07376v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce \textsc{OpenTinker}, an open infrastructure for training large language model (LLM) agents with many LoRA-backed policies over shared execution resources. Modern agent workloads mix supervised fine-tuning (SFT), online reinforcement learning (RL), rollout generation, validation, and multi-turn environment interaction. In such workloads, LoRA adapters are not static inference artifacts: they are frequently updated policy states who
Programming over Thinking: Efficient and Robust Multi-Constraint Planning
arXiv:2601.09097v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-constraint planning involves identifying, evaluating, and refining candidate plans while satisfying multiple, potentially conflicting constraints. Existing large language model (LLM) approaches face fundamental limitations in this domain. Pure reasoning paradigms, which rely on long natural language chains, are prone to inconsistency, error accumulation, and prohibitive cost as constraints compound. Conversely, LLMs combined with coding-
Insect-inspired Visual Point-goal Navigation
arXiv:2601.16806v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Insect neuroethology provides a compelling biological template for efficient autonomous navigation. We draw an analogy between the formal embodied AI visual point-goal navigation task and the ability of insects to discover, learn, and refine visually guided paths around obstacles between a discovered food location and their nest. We develop a novel integrative model of mushroom body and central complex, two insect brain structures, that have b
NEST: Nascent Encoded Steganographic Thoughts
arXiv:2602.14095v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Monitoring chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is a foundational safety technique for large language model agents; however, this oversight is compromised if models learn to conceal their reasoning. We explore steganographic CoT--where models hide secret reasoning within innocuous text--to inform risk assessment and deployment policies. Steganographic reasoning requires two skills in a single forward pass: computing an intermediate result, and emb
Framework of Thoughts: A Foundation Framework for Dynamic and Optimized Reasoning based on Chains, Trees, and Graphs
arXiv:2602.16512v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Prompting schemes such as Chain of Thought, Tree of Thoughts, and Graph of Thoughts can significantly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, most existing schemes require users to define static, problem-specific reasoning structures that lack adaptability to dynamic or unseen problem types. Additionally, these schemes are often under-optimized in terms of hyperparameters, prompts, runtime, and prompting cost. To
HVR-Met: A Hypothesis-Verification-Replanning Agentic System for Extreme Weather Diagnosis
arXiv:2603.01121v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While deep learning-based weather forecasting paradigms have made significant strides, addressing extreme weather diagnostics remains a formidable challenge. This gap exists primarily because the diagnostic process demands sophisticated multi-step logical reasoning, dynamic tool invocation, and expert-level prior judgment. Although agents possess inherent advantages in task decomposition and autonomous execution, current architectures are stil
Correlation-Weighted Multi-Reward Optimization for Compositional Generation
arXiv:2603.18528v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Text-to-image models produce images that align well with natural language prompts, but compositional generation has long been a central challenge. Models often struggle to satisfy multiple concepts within a single prompt, frequently omitting some concepts and resulting in partial success. Such failures highlight the difficulty of jointly optimizing multiple concepts during reward optimization, where competing concepts can interfere with one an
Mecha-nudges for Machines
arXiv:2603.23433v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI agents are becoming active decision-makers on the Internet. As they make decisions in the same environments as humans, the environments themselves can change to influence them. We call this $\textit{mecha-nudging}$: changes to how choices are presented that systematically influence AI agents without materially degrading the decision environment for humans. To measure this phenomenon, we combine two frameworks -- Bayesian persuasion from eco
TRACE: Capability-Targeted Agentic Training
arXiv:2604.05336v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Models often fail to complete agentic tasks because they lack core capabilities required by the target environment. However, mainstream approaches for addressing these failures typically either fine-tune directly on target environments or generate synthetic data that is not targeted to the model's actual capability deficits, resulting in low sample efficiency and limited generalization. We introduce TRACE (Turning Recurrent Agent failures into
Pretreatment MRI reveals a latent, molecular-subtype-independent structural phenotype that organizes treatment trajectories and recurrence risk
arXiv:2607.02768v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pathologic complete response and tumor shrinkage measure whether breast cancer responds to neoadjuvant therapy, but not whether that response was structurally favorable, persistent, or hidden beneath volume loss. We built an outcome-blind longitudinal DCE-MRI manifold from I-SPY2 trajectories to test whether pretreatment imaging carries a structural response phenotype missed by conventional descriptors. The dominant axis of response geometry was
Robustness Meets Uncertainty: Evidential Adversarial Training for Robust Selective Classification
arXiv:2607.03075v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safety-critical applications require classifiers that are both robust and reliable. Adversarial training is a widely adopted defense for improving robustness in deep neural networks; however, its effect on the reliability of predictive uncertainty remains underexplored. We investigate this gap through the lens of selective classification, which has rarely been systematically analyzed alongside adversarial robustness. We introduce a unified bench
Observable- and Positional-Encoding-Dependent Symmetry Readout from Neural Network Weights
arXiv:2607.03108v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Post-hoc analysis of trained neural network weights often seeks to recover geometric structure directly from the parameters. We show that, for positional-encoding-equipped neural fields, the symmetry visible from weights is not the true symmetry group itself, but an observable symmetry set determined by the trained parameters, the positional encoding (PE), and readout observable. We formulate this dependence through an exact observability hierar
Mixture-of-Gaussians-Guided Schedule Design for Brownian Bridge Diffusion Models
arXiv:2607.03517v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Brownian Bridge Diffusion Models (BBDM) offer an appealing framework for image restoration and inverse problems by constructing a stochastic bridge from the clean signal directly to the degraded observation, rather than to pure noise. Despite their promise, the choice of bridge schedule is typically inherited from heuristics, and a principled analytical framework for schedule design has been lacking. In this work, we develop such a framework by
When Geometry Aligns: Dihedral Hidden-State Transformations in UNet, ViT, and DiT Architectures
arXiv:2607.03580v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion architectures now encompass convolutional UNets as well as transformer-based designs such as Diffusion Transformers (DiTs), inspired by Vision Transformers (ViTs), yet the effects of structured geometric perturbations within these architectures remain poorly understood. We study this question through a unified framework that applies reflection-based elements of the dihedral group to intermediate hidden states as controlled internal int
Model Confidence-Guided Multi-Image Fusion of Fundus Images for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis
arXiv:2607.03643v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Purpose: Early screening for eye diseases is critical in low- and middle-income countries where access to care is limited. We investigate whether a confidence-guided, multi-image diabetic retinopathy diagnosis framework can integrate image filtering with confidence-aware predictions for reliable screening at capture. Methods: We develop a multi-image fusion method that aggregates retinal views to improve confidence and balanced accuracy. Our m
Triple-Phase Multimodal Knowledge Aggregation Framework for Microbial Keratitis Subtype Diagnosis on Slit-Lamp Photography
arXiv:2607.03740v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Microbial keratitis requires rapid pathogen identification to guide treatment, but culture- and PCR-based diagnostics are slow and resource-intensive. We developed a triple-phase multimodal framework for bacterial-versus-fungal keratitis classification using slit-lamp photographs acquired under blue-light, sclerotic-scatter, and white-light illumination, together with clinical metadata. The model combines cross-modality contrastive learning, mod
GALOSH: Blind, Training-Free Denoising of Raw Bayer and sRGB Images by Parallel-Friendly Local Shrinkage
arXiv:2607.03768v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Classical training-free denoisers such as BM3D and non-local means owe much of their strength to search: content-dependent block matching whose memory traffic and data-dependent control flow parallelize poorly and preclude fixed-latency implementations. Learned denoisers reach the highest quality, but they need training data, degrade outside their training domain (which we also observe), and carry per-pixel compute budgets that effectively requi
From Region Arrival to Instance-Level Grounding in Vision-and-Language Navigation
arXiv:2607.03792v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) agents may satisfy conventional success criteria while still failing to establish reliable object-level grounding, because current evaluation protocols mainly reward stopping within a 3-meter radius and largely ignore the agent's final orientation and target visibility. We formalize this limitation as the Last-3-Meter Grounding Gap and introduce three instance-centric metrics to quantify proximity precision,
GLOW-FDG: Generalized cancer LesiOn Whole-body segmentation model for $^{18}$F-FDG-PET/CT
arXiv:2607.03931v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography is widely used in cancer care, but manual lesion delineation is slow, subjective, and difficult to scale. We present GLOW-FDG, an open-source artificial intelligence model for whole-body cancer lesion segmentation in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography. The model was trained on 1,563 scans spanning multiple cancer type
Cross-Modal Fusion of OCT and OCT angiography enface for Improved Diagnostics of Diabetic Retinopathy
arXiv:2607.03959v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, highlighting the need for accurate and accessible screening tools. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution structural information of the retina, whereas OCT angiography (OCTA) offers complementary vascular information that is highly relevant for DR diagnosis. In this study, we propose a cross-modal fusion of OCT B-scans with single-channel en face OC
GlacierCastAI: Predicting Glacier Retreat from Multi-Modal Satellite Imagery and Climate Signals
arXiv:2607.04117v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: ERA5 seasonal climate variables contain predictive information about future glacier retreat beyond what satellite imagery alone provides, yet existing deep learning methods focus on mapping current boundaries rather than forecasting future ones. This paper presents GlacierCastAI, which reframes glacier boundary prediction as a multi-modal spatiotemporal forecasting problem, fusing multi-temporal Landsat imagery with ERA5 reanalysis climate varia
Binary Iterative Method for Non-targeted Adversarial Attack
arXiv:2607.04145v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Adversarial attacks guide and provide additional training and test data for both adversarial training and adversarial robustness validation, and expose the 'piecewise linearity' of deep learning based models. Since adversarial attacks and adversarial robustness are mathematically defined problems that can be optimised directly with end-to-end differentiable search, adversarial robustness is more widely applicable than other robustness metrics su
FedProIn: Mitigating Client Drift for Learnable Prototypes in Federated Medical Imaging
arXiv:2607.04158v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated learning (FL) is severely hindered by statistical heterogeneity due to variations in scanners, acquisition protocols, and patient populations. Such non-IID data induces client drift during local optimization, leading to unstable convergence and suboptimal global models when parameter-based aggregation is applied. We propose a prototype-based, influence-aware federated learning framework (FedProIn) that uses multiple learnable class pro
SAD-LoRA: Spectral Alignment for Low-Rank Knowledge Distillation
arXiv:2607.04306v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Distilling a fine-tuned teacher into a LoRA-adapted student is a standard recipe for parameter-efficient compression, but output-level KD does not explicitly control which rank-$r$ weight subspace the adapter occupies. We propose \textbf{SAD-LoRA} (\textbf{S}pectral \textbf{A}lignment \textbf{D}istillation), which selects this subspace from the data-weighted student-space reference update $\DWT\Sigx^{1/2}$ and maintains it during training via a
Agent-driven Long-tail Simulation for Autonomous Driving
arXiv:2607.04331v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Evaluating autonomous driving systems in closed-loop settings requires realistic and interactive simulation, yet existing simulators largely rely on log replay or rule-based agents, limiting behavioral diversity and long-tail coverage. We propose an agent-driven simulation framework in which surrounding road participants are controlled by instruction-following large language models through a structured action interface, enabling intentional and
MambaRefine-CD: MambaVision with Region-Boundary Temporal Refinement
arXiv:2607.04403v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Binary change detection in remote sensing requires both complete changed-region localization and accurate boundary delineation. We present MambaRefine-CD, a region-boundary temporal refinement framework built on a shared MambaVision encoder. The proposed D-RBI module constructs temporal evidence from paired features, absolute differences, and signed differences, then separates it into region and Sobel-conditioned boundary streams. Region feature
LeukocyteCount: Automatic Identification and Counting for leukocytes using Deep Learning
arXiv:2607.04486v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diagnosing and monitoring diseases frequently involves the analysis of human biological samples, with blood analysis being pivotal. Specifically, leukocytes, or white blood cells (WBCs), are essential markers for evaluating the body's defense mechanisms against infections. Traditional methods for WBC counting and classification are labor-intensive and prone to inaccuracies, primarily due to human error. The conventional processes for blood cell
SceneFrom3D: Geometry-Conditioned Outdoor 3D Scene Generation via View Scheduling with Object-Level Control
arXiv:2607.04540v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Geometry-conditioned 3D scene generation enables the creation of 3D environments from user-provided geometry, offering direct control over scene structure and object layout. To generate such 3D scenes, current methods commonly adopt a three-stage design that first defines a view schedule, then synthesizes multi-view observations along the scheduled views, and finally reconstructs a 3D representation from the generated images. However, defining t
CompressedVQA-AEV: Full-Reference and No-Reference Quality Assessment Models for Asymmetric Encoded Videos
arXiv:2607.04606v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This report presents our solutions to the QoMEX 2026 Grand Challenge on Video Quality Assessment for Asymmetric Encoded Videos, comprising a full-reference (FR) model, CompressedVQA-AEV-FR, and a no-reference (NR) model, CompressedVQA-AEV-NR. The FR approach leverages a Swin-B backbone to extract multi-stage similarity statistics between reference and distorted videos for quality prediction. For the NR setting, our model employs complementary fr
Gypscie: A Cross-Platform AI Artifact Management System
arXiv:2604.10311v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, encompassing both traditional machine learning (ML) and more advanced approaches such as deep learning and large language models (LLMs), play a central role in modern applications. AI model lifecycle management involves the end-to-end process of managing these models, from data collection and preparation to model building, evaluation, deployment, and continuous monitoring. This process is inherently complex
Fun-TSG: A Function-Driven Multivariate Time Series Generator with Variable-Level Anomaly Labeling
arXiv:2604.14221v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reliable evaluation of anomaly detection methods in multivariate time series remains an open challenge, largely due to the limitations of existing benchmark datasets. Current resources often lack fine-grained anomaly annotations, do not provide explicit intervariable and temporal dependencies, and offer little insight into the underlying generative mechanisms. These shortcomings hinder the development and rigorous comparison of detection model
CAP-CoT: Cycle Adversarial Prompt for Improving Chain of Thoughts in LLM Reasoning
arXiv:2604.23270v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a simple and effective way to elicit step-by-step solutions from large language models (LLMs). However, CoT reasoning can be unstable across runs on long, multi-step problems, leading to inconsistent answers for unchanged task. Most prior work focuses on improving the forward reasoning chain within a single pass, with less attention to iterative and contrastive correction. To address this gap, we
To Use AI as Dice of Possibilities with Timing Computation
arXiv:2605.01134v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The dominant noun-based modeling paradigm, grounded in probability theory and committed to pre-specified noun entities as primitive modeling units, is insufficient as a \emph{grammar of thought}: It leaves \emph{timing} outside the computational scope, precluding any adequate representation of the future as an open space of possibilities. This paper addresses three conceptual gaps absent from the existing literature: (1) possibility space --
Stop Automating Peer Review Without Rigorous Evaluation
arXiv:2605.03202v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models offer a tempting solution to address the peer review crisis. This position paper argues that today's AI systems should not be used to produce paper reviews. We ground this position in an empirical comparison of human- versus AI-generated ICLR 2026 reviews and an evaluation of the effect of automated paper rewriting on different AI reviewers. We identify two critical issues: 1) AI reviewers exhibit a hivemind effect of exc
Beyond the Black Box: Interpretability of Agentic AI Tool Use
arXiv:2605.06890v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI agents are promising for high-stakes enterprise workflows, but dependable deployment remains limited because these tool-use decisions are difficult to diagnose and control. Agents may skip required tool calls, invoke tools unnecessarily, or take actions whose consequences become visible only after execution. Existing observability methods are external: prompts reveal correlations, evaluations score outputs, and logs arrive only after the mo
Sign-Separated Asymmetric Finite-Time Error Analysis of Q-Learning
arXiv:2605.16103v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Q-learning is known to suffer from overestimation bias: because the Bellman update maximizes noisy or imperfect action-value estimates, positive errors can be selected and propagated, causing learned values to exceed the true optimal values. This bias can slow learning, degrade policy quality, and make value estimates unreliable. Although the convergence of Q-learning has been studied extensively, convergence theory that explicitly reflects th
When Outcome Looks Right But Discipline Fails: Trace-Based Evaluation Under Hidden Competitor State
arXiv:2605.18580v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Outcome-only evaluation can certify economically unsafe agents: a policy can hit a business KPI while violating deployable behavioral discipline. In hotel pricing with hidden competitor state, a learner can achieve plausible revenue per available room while failing to preserve the rate discipline of a rule-based revenue-management competitor. We introduce discipline stability, a trace-based evaluation paradigm: define the benchmark behavior,
HaorFloodAlert: A 72-Hour Machine Learning Early Warning System for Flash Floods in Bangladesh's Haor Wetlands
arXiv:2605.20167v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Every spring, flash floods strike the haor wetlands of northeast Bangladesh just before the boro rice harvest, and one flood can erase a family's entire crop in days. Warning people in time is hard here for a structural reason: the Sunamganj Haor is a flat, bowl-shaped basin that fills at once from local rain, domestic rivers, and the Barak River in India, while fewer than twelve working gauges cover its 8,000 km2. Existing models add a quiete
Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches
arXiv:2606.01145v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While Reasoning Language Models (RLMs) are rapidly emerging as powerful tools for scientific research, their impact is primarily concentrated in "hard science" fields. The slow -- or lack of -- adoption of RLMs in other branches of science is causing a widening gap in research productivity. In this survey, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of RLM adoption across 28 scientific disciplines following the classification used by the Europ
TokenMizer: Graph-Structured Session Memory for Long-Horizon LLM Context Management
arXiv:2606.06337v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long-horizon LLM sessions outlive their context windows, and the standard mitigations - truncation, summarization, retrieval - share a structural flaw: they treat history as flat text, discarding precisely the content that makes a session resumable: decisions and their rationales, task status, and file modification history. We present TokenMizer, an open-source transparent proxy that maintains session history as a typed knowledge graph and, at
Some hypotheses on how chatbots work in problem-solving-driven conversations. Large Language Models as confirmation of the Innovation Illusion
arXiv:2606.07722v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We discuss the nature of chatbots as conversation partners when discussing the solution of problems. What can chatbots do and what can't they do? We develop hypotheses on how this can this be explained. Our argument draws on insights from Aggregation Dynamics, Cognitive Linguistics, Neuropsychology and Psychology. We establish that chatbots are multifaceted and composite systems. Our argument focuses on basic chatbots in the hope of thereby
ComplexConstraints and Beyond: Expert Rubrics for RLVR
arXiv:2606.09118v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Evaluation protocols can lag behind LLM capabilities. Programmatically verified benchmarks cover narrow surface constraints, whereas real-world instruction following and agentic workflows require judging semantic, contextual, and policy-dependent behavior. We study expert-curated rubric-based evaluation as a unified mechanism for measurement and reinforcement-learning rewards across two settings: complex instruction following and enterprise ag
WeaveBench: A Long-Horizon, Real-World Benchmark for Computer-Use Agents with Hybrid Interfaces
arXiv:2606.09426v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Computer-use agents (CUAs) increasingly operate in runtimes that combine visual desktop control, command-line execution, code editing, browsers, and external tools. Existing benchmarks, however, often evaluate these interfaces as separable capabilities, leaving long-horizon cross-interface orchestration under-tested. Thus, we introduce WeaveBench, a long-horizon hybrid-interface benchmark with 114 tasks across 8 real-world work domains, ground
Medical Heuristic Learning: An LLM-Driven Framework for Interpretable and Auditable Clinical Decision Rules
arXiv:2606.16337v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Predictive modeling for clinical decision support requires not only strong predictive performance but also transparent decision logic. Although deep learning and tree-based ensemble methods can achieve high accuracy, their black-box nature remains a major obstacle to clinical deployment. This challenge is further compounded by common characteristics of medical data, including limited sample sizes, severe class imbalance, and feature evolution
Kairos: A Regret-Aware Native World-Action Model Stack for Physical AI
arXiv:2606.16533v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce \textbf{Kairos}, a regret-aware native world-action model stack for Physical AI. Kairos is motivated by the view that a physical world model should not aim to fully simulate all future pixels, but should learn and maintain the information most relevant to embodiment control: object state, spatial relations, contact conditions, task progress, action consequences, failure boundaries, and deployment uncertainty. Kairos establishes th
Skill Coverage: A Test Adequacy Metric for Agent Skills
arXiv:2606.20659v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Agent skills encode reusable procedural knowledge for large language model (LLM) agents, and existing benchmarks show that such skills can improve task-level performance. However, a task outcome does not reveal which parts of a reusable skill were exercised, nor whether the agent followed the relevant skill instructions when those parts were exercised. This gap makes it unclear whether a skill has been adequately tested, or whether observed ta
Text Dictates, Music Decorates: Energy-based Attention for Editable Dance Motion Generation
arXiv:2606.22726v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Choreographic motion generation poses unique challenges for AI, demanding precise semantic control over complex, temporally structured, and expressive full-body dynamics. While existing models can synthesize motion from music, they remain largely black boxes. Conversely, attempting to condition generation on both text and music frequently leads to modality collapse, where dense acoustic rhythms overwhelm sparse semantic text prompts, destroyin
BluTrain: A C++/CUDA Framework for AI Systems
arXiv:2606.24780v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Progress in deep learning is, at scale, more a matter of systems engineering than of modelling: the behaviour of a model in training (its throughput, its memory footprint, and the numerical fidelity of the result) is determined less by the architecture itself than by how that architecture is expressed on the hardware. To achieve absolute control over this hardware expression while abstracting away systems complexity to make modelling seamless
Understanding Rollout Error in Graph World Models
arXiv:2606.27780v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: World models are increasingly used for planning, yet most analyses of rollout error assume vector-valued states and scalar error amplification. Many planning environments, however, are naturally graph-structured: agents, tools, skills, routes, and dependencies interact through evolving relations. In this work, we study how prediction errors accumulate in Graph World Models (GWMs). We formulate fixed-edge and dynamic-edge GWM rollouts under a u
StructuredEdit: Constraint-Aware Graphic Design Editing via Differentiable Parameter Propagation
arXiv:2607.04612v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graphic design editing requires precise manipulation of typography, layout, and visual hierarchy under strict design constraints. Following the introduction of large language models, organizations have increasingly promoted vision-language models to enhance productivity. However, current models operate on pixels and achieve only 52% constraint satisfaction on structured design edits, thereby limiting their reliability for professional workflows.
A Reliable Context-Aware and Temporal Planning Framework for Autonomous Driving
arXiv:2607.04689v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safe operation of autonomous vehicles in dense urban traffic depends on perception and planning that remain reliable when onboard sensing is degraded. In real driving conditions, camera observations are frequently corrupted by occlusion, motion blur, illumination change, and sensor noise, and when such degraded observations are aggregated indiscriminately over time, trajectory planning becomes unstable and collision risk rises for both the ego v
Trajectory-Anchor Optimization for Overconfident Thermal Visual Place Recognition: Zero-Leakage OOD Auditing and Kidnapped-Robot Recovery
arXiv:2607.04745v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern thermal visual place recognition (TIR-VPR) frontends based on foundation models achieve remarkable closed-set retrieval but suffer from an overconfident forced-matching failure mode. Under out-of-distribution (OOD) or unmapped conditions, they generate highly plausible yet false loop candidates without a drop in similarity scores. While classical multi-hypothesis tracking (MHT) backends can mitigate these ambiguities by maintaining diverg
SLAM: Structured and Localized Analytic Manifold Adaptation for Lifelong VPR
arXiv:2607.04764v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual Place Recognition (VPR) in lifelong deployment requires continuous adaptation to new environments without catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, we propose SLAM, a Structured and Localized Analytic Manifold adaptation framework. Our framework elegantly unifies uncertainty-aware smoothing via Unscented transformation, topological space partitioning through a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), and $H_\infty$ robust bound optimization into a sin
Qantara: Bridge-Flow Training for Multi-Paradigm JEPA Control
arXiv:2607.04978v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Joint-Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) underpin a growing family of latent world models for control from raw pixels, but every existing JEPA world model commits at training time to a single inference paradigm: either trajectory optimisation in a learned dynamics model, or direct behaviour cloning. A single checkpoint that serves both would defer this choice to inference, when deployment constraints (rollout cost, observation accessibil
Beyond Modality Fusion: Deep Ensembles for Multimodal Classification
arXiv:2607.05019v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In multimodal classification, late-fusion approaches classify concatenated modality-specific features extracted by unimodal neural networks. When modality imbalance is pronounced, various regularization techniques have been proposed to balance the learning process and overcome the inferior performance of late-fusion networks. In contrast, this work demonstrates that multimodal data can be effectively classified without any explicit modality
Deform360: A Massive Multi-view Visuotactile Dataset for Deformable World Models
arXiv:2607.05390v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicting object dynamics (i.e., world modeling) is a fundamental challenge for robotic manipulation, and modeling deformable objects presents a particularly difficult case due to their high-dimensional state spaces and complex material properties. While current world models approach this through two distinct paradigms: learning the dynamics over the 2D pixel space or more explicit 3D geometric space. A systematic understanding of their relativ
EPMF: Efficient Perception-aware Multi-sensor Fusion for 3D Semantic Segmentation
arXiv:2106.15277v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study multi-sensor fusion for 3D semantic segmentation that is important to scene understanding for many applications, such as autonomous driving and robotics. Existing fusion-based methods, however, may not achieve promising performance due to the vast difference between the two modalities. In this work, we investigate a collaborative fusion scheme called perception-aware multi-sensor fusion (PMF) to effectively exploit perceptual informat
Structure-Guided Self-Supervised Matching for One-Shot Medical Landmark Detection
arXiv:2203.01687v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Medical landmark detection usually requires accurate expert annotations, which are laborious and difficult to scale across anatomical regions. In this work, we study an extreme annotation-efficient setting where only a single annotated template image is available. We propose SGB-Match, a structure-guided coarse-to-fine self-supervised matching framework for one-shot medical landmark detection. The framework first learns dense anatomical corres
Representation Recycling for Streaming Video Analysis
arXiv:2204.13492v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present StreamDEQ, a method that aims to infer frame-wise representations on videos with minimal per-frame computation. Conventional deep networks perform feature extraction from scratch at each frame in the absence of ad-hoc solutions. We instead aim to build streaming recognition models that can natively exploit temporal smoothness between consecutive video frames. We observe that the recently emerging implicit layer models provide a conv
MetaMax: Improved Open-Set Deep Neural Networks via Weibull Calibration
arXiv:2211.10872v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Open-set recognition refers to the problem in which classes that were not seen during training appear at inference time. This requires the ability to identify instances of novel classes while maintaining discriminative capability for closed-set classification. OpenMax was the first deep neural network-based approach to address open-set recognition by calibrating the predictive scores of a standard closed-set classification network. In this pap
AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users
arXiv:2312.13771v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the creation of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. This paper introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal agent framework designed to operate smartphone applications. Our framework enables the agent to operate smartphone applications through a simplified action space, mimicking human-like interactions such as tapping and swiping. This novel approach bypasses the n
Learning to Visually Connect Actions and their Effects
arXiv:2401.10805v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce the novel concept of visually Connecting Actions and Their Effects (CATE) in video understanding. CATE can have applications in areas like task planning and learning from demonstration. We identify and explore two different aspects of the concept of CATE: Action Selection (AS) and Effect-Affinity Assessment (EAA), where video understanding models connect actions and effects at semantic and fine-grained levels, respectively. We des
AnyDesign: Versatile Area Fashion Editing via Mask-Free Diffusion
arXiv:2408.11553v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Fashion image editing aims to modify a person's appearance based on a given instruction. Existing methods require auxiliary tools like segmenters and keypoint extractors, lacking a flexible and unified framework. Moreover, these methods are limited in the variety of clothing types they can handle, as most datasets focus on people in clean backgrounds and only include generic garments such as tops, pants, and dresses. These limitations restrict
Language-guided Medical Image Segmentation with Target-informed Multi-level Contrastive Alignments
arXiv:2412.13533v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Medical image segmentation is a fundamental task in numerous medical engineering applications. Recently, language-guided segmentation has shown promise in medical scenarios where textual clinical reports are readily available as semantic guidance. Clinical reports contain diagnostic information provided by clinicians, which can provide auxiliary textual semantics to guide segmentation. However, existing language-guided segmentation methods neg
Purify then Guide: Rethinking Domain Generalization for Multimodal Face Anti-Spoofing
arXiv:2505.09484v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) is essential for the security of facial recognition systems in diverse scenarios such as payment processing and surveillance. Current multimodal FAS methods often struggle with effective generalization, mainly due to modality-specific biases and domain shifts. To address these challenges, we introduce the \textbf{M}ulti\textbf{m}odal \textbf{D}enoising and \textbf{A}lignment (\textbf{MMDA}) framework. By leveraging the
The P$^3$ Dataset: Pixels, Points and Polygons for Multimodal Building Vectorization
arXiv:2505.15379v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present the P$^3$ dataset, a large-scale multimodal benchmark for building vectorization, constructed from aerial LiDAR point clouds, high-resolution aerial imagery, and vectorized 2D building outlines, collected across three continents. The dataset contains over 10 billion LiDAR points with decimeter-level accuracy and RGB images at a ground sampling distance of 25 centimeter. While many existing datasets primarily focus on the image modal
Quick ViTs: Speeding up Vision Transformers through Equivariance
arXiv:2505.15441v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Natural images exhibit strong geometric regularities: local structures, such as edges, corners, and textures, appear in many orientations and mirror configurations. Since Vision Transformers (ViTs) operate on square image patches, these transformations naturally correspond to the dihedral symmetry group $\mathrm{D}_8$, also known as the octic group. Recent work has shown that ViTs can be made reflection equivariant and more efficient than stan
FuseMamba-VD: Dual Branch VideoMamba with Gated Class Token Fusion for Violence Detection
arXiv:2506.03162v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The rapid proliferation of surveillance cameras has increased the demand for automated violence detection. While CNNs and Transformers have shown success in extracting spatio-temporal features, they struggle with long-term dependencies and computational efficiency. We propose FuseMamba-VD: Dual Branch VideoMamba with Gated Class Token Fusion (GCTF), an efficient architecture combining a dual-branch design and a state-space model (SSM) backbone
ELBO-T2IAlign: A Generic ELBO-Based Method for Calibrating Pixel-level Text-Image Alignment in Diffusion Models
arXiv:2506.09740v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion models excel at image generation. Recent studies have shown that these models not only generate high-quality images but also encode text-image alignment information through attention maps or loss functions. This information is valuable for various downstream tasks, including segmentation, text-guided image editing, and compositional image generation. However, current methods heavily rely on the assumption of perfect text-image alignm
Agent vs. Parametric World Models: Hybrid Planning for Reliable Language Agents
arXiv:2606.27806v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Language agents plan by generating not only actions but also implicit predictions of how the world will change. These imagined state updates make agents flexible, but they also create a distinct failure mode: hallucinated state claims can be written into context and propagated across subsequent decisions. In contrast, parametric world models provide measurable transition errors but are often weaker semantic planners. We study this tradeoff in
Linguistic Firewall: Geometry as Defense in Multi-Agent Systems Routing
arXiv:2606.30555v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven the evolution of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), where specialized agents collaborate to execute complex workflows. Effective orchestration in these environments requires robust routing mechanisms to efficiently allocate tasks to the most suitable agent. However, existing routers fundamentally rely on unverified proxies, ranging from textual self-descriptions to static surrogate repre
World-Model Collapse as a Phase Transition
arXiv:2606.31399v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Water looks unchanged as it warms, then at a critical point it boils. We ask whether long-horizon language agents show an analogous transition in their implicit world models. In some parameter settings, changing state load by a small amount, or adding a single step of horizon, leaves behavior nearly unchanged; near a critical boundary, the same small change causes a sudden world collapse. We study this effect in a deterministic task family wit
Ask the World Before Acting: Environment Probing for Calibrated Agent World Models
arXiv:2606.31422v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Language agents acting over long horizons must maintain beliefs about tool states, object locations, graph edges, and subgoal dependencies. When these beliefs drift, failures can be fixed neither by longer reasoning traces nor by ordinary self-reflection, since the missing evidence lies in the environment. We formulate environment probing as a budgeted decision problem for structured agent world models: before acting, the agent may query the c
Harnessing Textual Refusal Directions for Multimodal Safety
arXiv:2606.31876v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: To improve safety in Large Language Models (LLMs) we can either perform post-training alignment or exploit refusal directions in the activation space. Both strategies are less feasible in Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) as they require unsafe multimodal data, harder to collect than their unimodal counterpart. In this work, we relax this constraint and investigate whether textual refusal directions, extracted directly from the LLM backbone, generalize
The MMM Data Model -- A Normative Specification for Knowledge Interoperability in a Decentralisable Knowledge Commons
arXiv:2607.00032v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many information systems are built around documents: self-contained units optimised for print production and linear reading. While effective for large-scale dissemination, the document-centric organisation constrains how knowledge can be structured, updated, shared, and reused. Formal approaches address some of these limitations but struggle to achieve widespread contribution and adoption due to their prioritisation of formal structure over ot
Mnemosyne: Agentic Transaction Processing for Validating and Repairing AI-generated Workflows
arXiv:2607.00269v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLMs increasingly generate workflow actions, repairs, and plans, but a generated action may be syntactically valid yet stale, infeasible, conflicting, or destructive of the evidence that triggered a repair. We introduce Agentic Transaction Processing (ATP), a transaction model that treats generated actions as untrusted proposals until they pass deterministic admission under a declared, executable constraint set C. The governing principle is tw
AI Native Games: A Survey and Roadmap
arXiv:2607.00527v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generative AI now enables games to produce dialogue, quests, characters, images, and worlds at runtime. Yet generation alone does not make a game AI-native, nor does it guarantee playability. This paper defines AI-native games by whether runtime generative AI is constitutive of the core loop: if the AI component were removed or trivially replaced, the central form of play would collapse or become fundamentally different. This counterfactual cr
PedNStream: Scalable Network Flow Simulation for Pedestrian Traffic Management
arXiv:2607.01021v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large-scale crowd management requires pedestrian simulations that are both computationally efficient and compatible with feedback-based control. However, most open-source tools are either microscopic or not designed for network-scale closed-loop evaluation. This paper presents PedNStream (Pedestrian Network Flow Simulation), an open-source, Python-native simulator for macroscopic pedestrian network loading based on the Link Transmission Model
Hawk: Harnessing Hardware-Aware Knowledge for High-Performance NPU Kernel Generation
arXiv:2607.01590v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Developing high-performance kernels for Neural Processing Units (NPUs) is a critical industry bottleneck, requiring developers to manually navigate implicit hardware constraints and strict memory hierarchies. While large language models offer immense automation potential, they fail catastrophically on NPUs due to a fundamental lack of hardware-specific priors. Naively transplanting code snippets from similar NPU kernels may pass the compiler,
Safety Testing LLM Agents at Scale: From Risk Discovery to Evidence-Grounded Verification
arXiv:2607.01793v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM agents increasingly perform autonomous actions through external tools, leading to complex and evolving safety risks. However, existing safety testing targets expert-designed safety violations, and the corresponding outcomes are evaluated by hard-coded rules, making them costly to extend as agents evolve. To this end, we present Vera, an end-to-end automated safety testing framework that instantiates software engineering testing principles
ContextSniper: AntTrail's Token-Efficient Code Memory for Repository-Level Program Repair
arXiv:2607.01916v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language model agents can repair real repository issues, but they often spend large context budgets on whole-file reads, broad searches, and long terminal outputs where useful evidence is mixed with irrelevant code and logs. This paper presents ContextSniper, AntTrail's code-repair module for precision evidence selection in repository-level program repair, part of AntTrail's broader agent-memory engine. AntTrail is available at https://g
Querying and Repairing Inconsistent Prioritized Knowledge Bases: Complexity Analysis and Links with Abstract Argumentation
arXiv:2003.05746v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we explore the issue of inconsistency handling over prioritized knowledge bases (KBs), which consist of an ontology, a set of facts, and a priority relation between conflicting facts. In the database setting, a closely related scenario has been studied and led to the definition of three different notions of optimal repairs (global, Pareto, and completion) of a prioritized inconsistent database. After transferring the notio
Double Fuzzy Probabilistic Interval Linguistic Term Set and a Dynamic Fuzzy Decision Making Model based on Markov Process with tts Application in Multiple Criteria Group Decision Making
arXiv:2111.15255v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The probabilistic linguistic term has been proposed to deal with probability distributions in provided linguistic evaluations. However, because it has some fundamental defects, it is often difficult for decision-makers to get reasonable information of linguistic evaluations for group decision making. In addition, weight information plays a significant role in dynamic information fusion and decision making process. However, there are few
Unveiling the Unborn: Advancing Fetal Health Classification through Machine Learning
arXiv:2310.00505v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fetal health classification is a critical task in obstetrics, enabling early identification and management of potential health problems. However, it remains challenging due to data complexity and limited labeled samples. This research paper presents a novel machine-learning approach for fetal health classification, leveraging a LightGBM classifier trained on a comprehensive dataset. The proposed model achieves an impressive accuracy of 9
TERC: A Transfer Entropy Redundancy Criterion for State Variable Selection in Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2401.11512v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Identifying the most suitable variables to represent the state is a fundamental challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL). These variables must efficiently capture the information necessary for making optimal decisions. In order to address this problem, in this paper, we introduce the Transfer Entropy Redundancy Criterion (TERC), an information-theoretic criterion, which determines if there is entropy transferred from observable state var
Graph Unitary Message Passing
arXiv:2403.11199v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Unitarity is a useful principle for stabilizing deep neural networks, but in graph neural networks (GNNs) instability is induced not only by learnable parameters but also by the graph propagation operator. Motivated by this distinction, we propose Graph Unitary Message Passing (GUMP), a message-passing framework that uses a unitary propagation operator on a transformed graph to avoid graph-induced exponential decay under repeated propaga
MambaCapsule: Towards Transparent Cardiac Disease Diagnosis with Electrocardiography Using Mamba Capsule Network
arXiv:2407.20893v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cardiac arrhythmia, a condition characterized by irregular heartbeats, often serves as an early indication of various heart ailments. With the advent of deep learning, numerous innovative models have been introduced for diagnosing arrhythmias using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, recent studies solely focus on the performance of models, neglecting the interpretation of their results. This leads to a considerable lack of transpa
Saving GPU Hours in LLM Inference System Development and Online Workloads with Simulation and DBMS-Inspired Cache Replacement Policies
arXiv:2411.07447v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLMs are increasingly used world-wide from daily tasks to agentic systems and data analytics, requiring significant GPU resources. While LLM inference systems are capable of serving millions of requests from multiple users, they often lack theoretical models to determine whether they achieve the performance upper bounds of underlying hardware resources. Beyond online workload serving, merely analyzing existing systems-or developing yet a
Stroke Prediction using Clinical and Social Features in Machine Learning
arXiv:2501.00048v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Every year in the United States, 800,000 individuals suffer a stroke - one person every 40 seconds, with a death occurring every four minutes. While individual factors vary, certain predictors are more prevalent in determining stroke risk. As strokes are the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide, predicting stroke likelihood based on lifestyle factors is crucial. Showing individuals their stroke risk could motivate lifes
CDST: Color Disentangled Style Transfer for Universal Style Reference Customization
arXiv:2506.13770v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce Color Disentangled Style Transfer (CDST), a novel and efficient two-stream style transfer training paradigm which completely isolates color from style and forces the style stream to be color-blinded. With one same model, CDST unlocks universal style transfer capabilities in a tuning-free manner during inference. Especially, the characteristics-preserved style transfer with style and content references is solved in the tuning-free
Ctrl-Z Sampling: Scaling Diffusion Sampling with Controlled Random Zigzag Explorations
arXiv:2506.20294v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion models generate conditional samples by progressively denoising Gaussian noise, yet the denoising trajectory can stall at visually plausible but low-quality outcomes with conditional misalignment or structural artifacts. We interpret this behavior as local optima in a surrogate quality landscape: Once early denoising commits to a suboptimal global structure, later steps mainly sharpen details and seldom correct the underlying mistake.
NABLA: Neighborhood Adaptive Block-Level Attention
arXiv:2507.13546v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent progress in transformer-based architectures has demonstrated remarkable success in video generation tasks. However, the quadratic complexity of full attention mechanisms remains a critical bottleneck, particularly for high-resolution and long-duration video sequences. In this paper, we propose NABLA, a novel Neighborhood Adaptive Block-Level Attention mechanism that dynamically adapts to sparsity patterns in video diffusion transformers
Adaptive Time-step Training for Enhancing Spike-Based Neural Radiance Fields
arXiv:2507.23033v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) provide an energy-efficient computing paradigm for neural rendering, but existing spike-based Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) models usually use a fixed inference time step for all scenes. This fixed temporal budget is inefficient because NeRF follows a scene-specific training paradigm, and different scenes require different temporal capacities to preserve rendering quality. This paper proposes Pretraining-based Ada
Open-Attribute Person Retrieval: Finding People Through Distinctive and Novel Attributes
arXiv:2508.01389v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Person retrieval in surveillance videos often depends on attributes described by witnesses or operators. However, the most useful cues in practice are not always common appearance descriptions (e.g., gender, clothing color), but rare and distinctive attributes that can sharply reduce the search space (e.g., holding a weapon, lying on the ground). Existing text-based person retrieval benchmarks and methods largely focus on identity-centric retr
Diffusion Models are Open-World Affordance Learners: Leveraging Generative Priors for 3D Affordance Learning
arXiv:2508.01651v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: 3D affordance grounding aims to understand how diverse objects can be manipulated, making it a cornerstone of embodied interaction. However, prior works struggle to generalize to out-of-distribution, open-world scenarios, leaving a critical gap between limited dataset performance and real-world application needs. Inspired by the saying: \textit{\textbf{``What I can not create, I do not understand''}}, we find generative models can generate sem
Extending Foundational Monocular Depth Estimators to Fisheye Cameras with Calibration Tokens
arXiv:2508.04928v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose a method to extend foundational monocular depth estimators (FMDEs), trained on perspective images, to fisheye images. Despite being trained on tens of millions of images, FMDEs are susceptible to the covariate shift introduced by changes in camera calibration (intrinsic, distortion) parameters, leading to erroneous depth estimates. Our method aligns the distribution of latent embeddings encoding fisheye images to those of perspectiv
VISOR: Visual Input-based Steering for Output Redirection in Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2508.08521v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly being used in a broad range of applications, bringing their security and behavioral control to the forefront. While existing approaches for behavioral control or output redirection, like system prompting in VLMs, are easily detectable and often ineffective, activation-based steering vectors require invasive runtime access to model internals--incompatible with API-based services and closed-source d
Enhancing Monocular 3D Hand Reconstruction with Learned Texture Priors
arXiv:2508.09629v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We revisit the role of texture in monocular 3D hand reconstruction, not as an afterthought for photorealism, but as a dense, spatially grounded cue that can actively support pose and shape estimation. Our observation is simple: even in high-performing models, the overlay between predicted hand geometry and image appearance is often imperfect, suggesting that texture alignment may be an underused supervisory signal. We propose a lightweight tex
EM3M: An Electron Micrograph Dataset for Microstructural Segmentation and Generation
arXiv:2508.16239v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Quantitative microstructural characterization is fundamental to materials science, and electron micrographs (EMs) provide indispensable high-resolution insights. However, progress in deep learning-based analysis of EMs has been hampered by the scarcity of large-scale, expert-annotated public datasets. To address this issue, we introduce EM3M, a large-scale and multimodal dataset for instance-level understanding of EMs. EM3M comprises 5,091 hig
Diverse Normal Prototypes-Guided Contrastive Reconstruction for Medical Anomaly Detection
arXiv:2508.19573v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Anomaly detection in medical images is challenging due to limited annotations and the domain gap. Existing reconstruction-based methods often rely on frozen pre-trained encoders, restricting adaptation to domain-specific patterns and degrading localization accuracy. Meanwhile, prototype-based learning offers interpretable representations but commonly suffers from prototype collapse, where a few prototypes dominate training and reduce diversity
Combining Discrepancy-Confusion Uncertainty and Calibration Diversity for Active Fine-Grained Image Classification
arXiv:2509.24181v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Active learning (AL) aims to build high-quality labeled datasets by iteratively selecting the most informative samples from an unlabeled pool under limited annotation budgets. However, in fine-grained image classification, assessing this informativeness reliably is especially challenging due to subtle differences between classes. In this paper, we introduce a novel active learning method, combining discrepancy-confusion uncertainty and calibra
VLOD-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Object Detectors
arXiv:2510.00458v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision-language object detectors (VLODs) such as YOLO-World and Grounding DINO exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but their performance degrades under distribution shift. Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a practical way to adapt models during inference using only unlabeled target (test) data. However, while TTA has made substantial progress in vision-language classification, its application to VLODs remains largely unexplored. The only
UniVideo: Unified Understanding, Generation, and Editing for Videos
arXiv:2510.08377v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Unified multimodal models have shown promising results in multimodal content generation and editing but remain largely limited to the image domain. In this work, we present UniVideo, a versatile framework that extends unified modeling to the video domain. UniVideo adopts a dual-stream design, combining a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) for instruction understanding with a Multimodal DiT (MMDiT) for video generation. This design preserve
SilvaScenes: Tree Detection and Species Classification from Under-Canopy Images in Natural Forests
arXiv:2510.09458v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Interest in forestry automation is growing alongside rapid advances in deep learning. In particular, tree detection and taxonomic classification are seen as core tasks required for automating field surveys and forestry equipment. These operations must often be performed in under-canopy settings, which pose challenging conditions for perception systems, including heavy occlusion, variable lighting, and dense vegetation. Despite this necessity,
IBIS: A Hybrid Inception-BiLSTM and SVM Ensemble for Robust Doppler-based Human Activity Recognition
arXiv:2510.24936v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Wi-Fi sensing is a leading technology for Human Activity Recognition (HAR), offering a non-intrusive and cost-effective solution for healthcare and smart environments. Despite its potential, existing methods struggle with domain shift issues, often failing to generalize to unseen environments due to overfitting. This paper proposes IBIS, a robust ensemble framework combining Inception-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for feature e
MGCA-Net: Multi-Grained Category-Aware Network for Open-Vocabulary Temporal Action Localization
arXiv:2511.13039v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Open-Vocabulary Temporal Action Localization (OV-TAL) aims to recognize and localize instances of any desired action categories in videos without explicitly curating training data for all categories. Existing methods mostly recognize action categories at a single granularity, which degrades the recognition accuracy of both base and novel action categories. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Grained Category-Aware Network (MGCA-Net) co
Distribution Matching Distillation Meets Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2511.13649v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) facilitates efficient inference by distilling multi-step diffusion models into few-step variants. Concurrently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a vital tool for aligning generative models with human preferences. While both represent critical post-training stages for large-scale diffusion models, existing studies typically treat them as independent, sequential processes, leaving a systematic f
RoMa v2: Harder Better Faster Denser Feature Matching
arXiv:2511.15706v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Dense feature matching aims to estimate all correspondences between two images of a 3D scene and has recently been established as the gold standard due to its high accuracy and robustness. However, existing dense matchers still fail or perform poorly for many hard real-world scenarios, and high-precision models are often slow, limiting their applicability. In this paper, we attack these weaknesses on a wide front through a series of systematic
Score-Regularized Joint Sampling with Importance Weights for Flow Matching
arXiv:2511.17812v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Flow matching models effectively represent complex distributions, yet estimating expectations of functions of their outputs remains challenging under limited sampling budgets. Independent sampling often yields high-variance estimates, especially when rare but high-impact outcomes dominate the expectation. We propose a non-IID sampling framework that jointly draws multiple samples to cover diverse, salient regions of a flow matching model's gen
Robust Counterfactual Explanations under Model Multiplicity Using Multi-Objective Optimization
arXiv:2501.05795v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In recent years, explainability in machine learning has gained importance. In this context, counterfactual explanation (CE), which is an explanation method that uses examples, has attracted attention. However, it has been pointed out that CE is not robust when there are multiple machine-learning models with similar accuracy. These problems are important when using machine learning to make safe decisions. In this paper, we propose robust
Evaluating LLM-Based Regression Test Generation
arXiv:2501.11086v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown tremendous promise in automated software engineering. In this paper, we investigate LLMs for just-in-time regression test generation for programs, like parsers, interpreters, or compilers, that take highly structured, human-readable inputs. When a bug fix or code change is committed, the repository (as part of CI/CD) runs an LLM for a few minutes to generate regression tests that exercise the chang
Using Mechanistic Interpretability to Craft Adversarial Attacks against Large Language Models
arXiv:2503.06269v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traditional white-box methods for creating adversarial perturbations against LLMs typically rely only on gradient computation from the targeted model, ignoring the internal mechanisms responsible for attack success or failure. Conversely, interpretability studies that analyze these internal mechanisms lack practical applications beyond runtime interventions. We bridge this gap by introducing a novel white-box approach that leverages mech
Empirical Computation: Prompting versus Programming
arXiv:2503.10954v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents can solve *any* computational problem *without* an algorithm in a runtime *independent* of the computational complexity of that problem. Instead of specifying precisely how to solve problem instance using *programming*, we ask an LLM to solve the problem instance using *prompting*. Outputs are sampled from a distribution rather than generated procedurally. In this vision paper, we explore the challenge
Measuring the Robustness of Audio Deepfake Detection under Real-World Corruption
arXiv:2503.17577v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deepfakes have emerged as a widespread and rapidly escalating concern in generative AI, spanning images, audio, and videos. Among these, audio deepfakes are particularly alarming due to the growing accessibility of high-quality voice synthesis tools and the ease with which synthetic speech can be distributed through social media and robocalls. Consequently, detecting audio deepfakes is critical for combating the misuse of AI-generated sp
Prima.cpp: Fast 30-70B LLM Inference on Heterogeneous and Low-Resource Home Clusters
arXiv:2504.08791v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: On-device inference offers privacy, offline use, and instant response, but consumer hardware restricts large language models (LLMs) to low throughput and capability. To overcome this challenge, we present prima.cpp, a distributed on-device inference system that runs 30-70B LLMs on consumer home clusters with mixed CPUs/GPUs, insufficient RAM/VRAM, slow disks, Wi-Fi links, and heterogeneous OSs. We introduce pipelined-ring parallelism (PR
AgentDynEx: Nudging the Mechanics and Dynamics of Multi-Agent Simulations
arXiv:2504.09662v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multi-agent large language model simulations have the potential to model complex human behaviors and interactions. If the mechanics are set up properly, unanticipated and valuable social dynamics can surface. However, it is challenging to consistently enforce simulation mechanics while still allowing for rich and emergent dynamics. We present AgentDynEx, an AI system that helps set up, track, and repair simulations. Specifically, AgentDy
GenShin: Guiding Rational Liposome Design by Ranking Liposomal Protein Corona through a Docking-Pose-Free GNN
arXiv:2504.13853v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Rational design of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for tissue-specific delivery critically depends on predicting the composition of the protein corona that forms on the lipid surface after intravenous administration. However, conventional characterization of the protein corona relies on costly and time-consuming mass spectrometry experiments, which require physically prepared liposome samples and therefore cannot serve as a pre-synthesis scre
MOSAIC: Skill-Centric Manipulation Planning with Physics Simulation
arXiv:2504.16738v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Planning long-horizon manipulation motions using a set of predefined skills is a central challenge in robotics; solving it efficiently could enable general-purpose robots to tackle novel tasks by flexibly composing generic skills. Solutions to this problem lie in an infinitely vast space of parameterized skill sequences -- a space where common incremental methods struggle to find sequences that have non-obvious intermediate steps. Some a
kAgent: An execution-guided crash resolution agent for the Linux kernel
arXiv:2504.20412v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fuzzing frameworks like syzkaller have uncovered thousands of Linux kernel crashes, many of which are critical and security-sensitive. However, the ability to rapidly repair these crashes has not kept pace, particularly given the complexity and low-level nature of kernel code. Predominantly targeting user-space applications, existing LLM-based program repair techniques are not tailored to the unique challenges posed by kernel fuzz bugs-s
Seven Security Challenges in Cross-domain Multi-agent LLM Systems
arXiv:2505.23847v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving into autonomous agents that cooperate across organizational boundaries, enabling joint disaster response, supply-chain optimization, and other tasks that demand decentralized expertise without surrendering data ownership. Yet, cross-domain collaboration shatters the unified trust assumptions behind current alignment and containment techniques. An agent benign in isolation may, when receiv
Boosting Automatic Exercise Evaluation Through Musculoskeletal Simulation-Based IMU Data Augmentation
arXiv:2505.24415v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automated evaluation of movement quality can enhance physiotherapeutic treatment and sports training by providing objective, real-time feedback. However, deep learning models that assess movements captured by inertial measurement units (IMUs) are often limited by data scarcity, class imbalance, and label ambiguity. We present a data augmentation method that generates IMU data using musculoskeletal simulations integrated with systematic m
Ensemble Elastic DQN: A Step Dependent Ensemble Approach for Reducing Overestimation in Deep Value-Based Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2506.05716v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep Q-Networks (DQN) can suffer from overestimation bias because bootstrapped targets use a maximisation operation over noisy value estimates. Ensemble-based methods and multi-step methods have each been used to improve the stability and sample efficiency of value-based reinforcement learning, but their interaction remains less well understood. This paper introduces Ensemble Elastic DQN (EEDQN), a value-based reinforcement learning algo
InverseScope: Scalable Activation Inversion for Interpreting Large Language Models
arXiv:2506.07406v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding the internal representations of large language models (LLMs) is a central challenge in interpretability research. Existing feature interpretability methods often rely on strong structural assumptions--such as linearity or sparsity--that may not hold in practice. In this work, we introduce InverseScope, an assumption-light and scalable framework for interpreting neural activations via input inversion. Given a target activati
Last Layer Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
arXiv:2507.08905v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We explore the use of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampling as a probabilistic last layer approach for deep neural networks (DNNs). While HMC is widely regarded as a gold standard for uncertainty estimation, the computational demands limit its application to large-scale datasets and large DNN architectures. Although the predictions from the sampled DNN parameters can be parallelized, the computational cost still scales linearly with the
Algorithmic Shortlisting in Participatory Budgeting
arXiv:2508.06577v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Participatory budgeting is a democratic innovation that allows citizens to propose and vote on public investment projects. To help organizers manage large volumes of submissions, we design and test privacy-preserving methods for algorithmic shortlisting. These algorithms predict which projects are likely to be funded using only project features and anonymous historical voting data. We demonstrate the limitations of a naive approach that
Rational Inverse Reasoning: Few-Shot Imitation by Inferring Intent through Planning
arXiv:2508.08983v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Humans can learn a new manipulation task from one or two demonstrations and then perform it in a new room, with new objects, under new constraints. Modern robot imitation learning, in contrast, typically needs hundreds to thousands of demonstrations and still degrades under modest shifts in layout, geometry, object set or task constraints. We argue this gap is not just about data, but also about the level of abstraction at which learning
LLM-Assisted Semantic Alignment and Integration in Collaborative Model-Based Systems Engineering Using SysML v2
arXiv:2508.16181v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cross-organizational collaboration in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) faces many challenges in achieving semantic alignment across independently developed system models. SysML v2 introduces enhanced structural modularity and formal semantics, offering a stronger foundation for interoperable modeling. Meanwhile, GPT-based Large Language Models (LLMs) provide new capabilities for assisting model understanding and integration. This p
EyeMulator: Improving Code Language Models by Mimicking Human Visual Attention
arXiv:2508.16771v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Code Language Models (CodeLLMs) learn token importance from data correlations, whereas human developers attend selectively to semantically salient code. We present EyeMulator, a model-agnostic method that injects human visual-attention priors into CodeLLM fine-tuning without architectural changes. EyeMulator distills eye-tracking data into semantic salience and gaze-transition priors, then uses them to reweight token-level training losse
A Systematic Survey on Large Language Models for Evolutionary Optimization: From Modeling to Solving
arXiv:2509.08269v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated with evolutionary computation to support optimization tasks. This survey primarily focuses on evolutionary optimization, i.e., optimization based on evolutionary computation. For brevity, we use the term optimization throughout to denote this scope. However, existing surveys typically examine isolated roles of LLMs and do not provide a unified view that connects optimization modeli
Do Flat Minima Improve Sparse Novel View Synthesis?
arXiv:2511.17918v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Despite the success of recent novel view synthesis methods, they tend to struggle in sparse-view settings. This poor generalization to unseen viewpoints is an inherent challenge when training with limited data. To address this, we investigate the relationship between loss sharpness and generalization in novel view synthesis-an underexplored direction. Interestingly, while pursuing flatter minima is widely known to improve generalization in dee
GeoWorld: Providing Full-frame Geometry Features to Facilitate 3D Scene Generation
arXiv:2511.23191v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Previous works that leverage video models for image-to-3D scene generation often suffer from geometric distortions and blurry content. Using video generation models to implicitly maintain geometric consistency according to a single-frame input is ineffective. In this paper, we present a two-stage method, named $\textbf{GeoWorld}$, that renovates the image-to-3D scene generation pipeline by providing full-frame geometry features. The first-stag
InverseCrafter: Efficient Video ReCapture as a Latent Domain Inverse Problem
arXiv:2512.05672v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent approaches in controllable novel view video generation often rely on fine-tuning pre-trained Video Diffusion Models (VDMs). This dominant paradigm is computationally expensive and frequently suffers from catastrophic forgetting of the model's original generative priors. To address this challenge, here we propose InverseCrafter, a VDM training-free framework that reformulates novel view video generation as an inpainting-based inverse pro
Is Generation Required for Data-Efficient Perception?
arXiv:2512.08854v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: It has been hypothesized that achieving the data efficiency of human visual perception requires a generative approach in which internal representations result from inverting a decoder. Yet today's most successful vision models are non-generative, relying on an encoder that maps images to representations without decoder inversion. This raises the question of whether generation is necessary for data-efficient machine perception. To address this,
FunPhase: A Periodic Functional Autoencoder for Motion Generation via Phase Manifolds
arXiv:2512.09423v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Learning natural body motion remains challenging due to the strong coupling between spatial geometry and temporal dynamics. Embedding motion in phase manifolds, latent spaces that capture local periodicity, has proven effective for motion prediction; however, existing approaches are tied to fixed skeletons and narrow motion distributions, limiting their applicability across diverse settings. We introduce FunPhase, a functional periodic autoenc
IRG-MotionLLM: Interleaving Motion Generation, Assessment and Refinement for Text-to-Motion Generation
arXiv:2512.10730v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in motion-aware large language models have shown remarkable promise for jointly learning motion understanding and generation knowledge. However, these models typically treat understanding and generation separately, limiting the mutual benefits that could arise from interactive feedback between tasks. In this work, we reveal that motion assessment and refinement tasks can act as crucial bridges to enable knowledge flow from moti
GMODiff: One-Step Gain Map Refinement with Diffusion Priors for HDR Reconstruction
arXiv:2512.16357v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Pre-trained Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) have recently shown strong perceptual priors for low-level vision tasks, making them a promising direction for multi-exposure High Dynamic Range (HDR) reconstruction. However, directly applying LDMs to HDR remains challenging due to: (1) limited dynamic-range representation caused by 8-bit latent compression, (2) high inference cost from multi-step denoising, and (3) content hallucination inherent to
Atlas is Your Perfect Context: One-Shot Customization for Generalizable Foundational Medical Image Segmentation
arXiv:2512.18176v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate segmentation of anatomical structures in medical images is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning. While recent interactive segmentation foundation models enhance generalization through large-scale multimodal pretraining, they still depend on precise prompts and can fail in underrepresented clinical contexts (e.g., small organs-at-risk). We present AtlasSegFM, an atlas-guided framework that customizes off-the-shelf foundation
MUSON: A Reasoning-oriented Multimodal Dataset for Socially Compliant Navigation in Urban Environments
arXiv:2512.22867v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Socially compliant navigation requires structured reasoning about dynamic pedestrians and physical constraints to ensure safe and interpretable decisions. Vision-language models (VLMs) provide a promising foundation for this task because they can integrate visual observations with language-based social knowledge. However, existing untuned VLMs still struggle to reliably understand fine-grained social norms, making task-specific fine-tuning ess
SA-ResGS: Self-Augmented Residual 3D Gaussian Splatting for Next Best View Selection
arXiv:2601.03024v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose Self-Augmented Residual 3D Gaussian Splatting (SA-ResGS), a novel framework to stabilize uncertainty quantification and enhancing uncertainty-aware supervision in next-best-view (NBV) selection for active scene reconstruction. SA-ResGS improves both the reliability of uncertainty estimates and their effectiveness for supervision by generating Self-Augmented point clouds (SA-Points) via triangulation between a training view and a ras
Higher order PCA-like rotation-invariant features for detailed shape descriptors modulo rotation
arXiv:2601.03326v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: PCA can be used for rotation invariant features, describing a shape with its $p_{ab}=E[(x_i-E[x_a])(x_b-E[x_b])]$ covariance matrix approximating shape by ellipsoid, allowing for rotation invariants like its traces of powers. However, real shapes are usually much more complicated, hence there is proposed its extension to e.g. $p_{abc}=E[(x_a-E[x_a])(x_b-E[x_b])(x_c-E[x_c])]$ order-3 or higher tensors describing central moments, or polynomial t
SnapGen++: Unleashing Diffusion Transformers for Efficient High-Fidelity Image Generation on Edge Devices
arXiv:2601.08303v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in diffusion transformers (DiTs) have set new standards in image generation, yet remain impractical for on-device deployment due to their high computational and memory costs. In this work, we present an efficient DiT framework tailored for mobile and edge devices that achieves transformer-level generation quality under strict resource constraints. Our design combines three key components. First, we propose a compact DiT archite
Zero-Shot Distracted Driver Detection via Vision Language Models with Double Decoupling
arXiv:2601.08467v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Distracted driving is a major cause of traffic collisions, calling for robust and scalable detection methods. Vision-language models (VLMs) enable strong zero-shot image classification, but existing VLM-based distracted driver detectors often underperform in real-world conditions. We identify subject-specific appearance variations (e.g., clothing, age, and gender) as a key bottleneck: VLMs entangle these factors with behavior cues, leading to
Motion Attribution for Video Generation
arXiv:2601.08828v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Despite the rapid progress of video generation models, the role of data in influencing motion is poorly understood. We present Motive (MOTIon attribution for Video gEneration), a motion-centric, gradient-based data attribution framework that scales to modern, large, high-quality video datasets and models. We use this to study which fine-tuning clips improve or degrade temporal dynamics. Motive isolates temporal dynamics from static appearance
Reconstruction-Anchored Diffusion Model for Text-to-Motion Generation
arXiv:2601.14788v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion models have seen widespread adoption for text-driven human motion generation and related tasks due to their impressive generative capabilities and flexibility. However, current motion diffusion models face two major limitations: a representational gap caused by pre-trained text encoders that lack motion-specific information, and error propagation during the iterative denoising process. This paper introduces Reconstruction-Anchored Di
Tracing 3D Anatomy in 2D Strokes: A Multi-Stage Projection Driven Approach to Cervical Spine Fracture Identification
arXiv:2601.15235v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cervical spine fractures require rapid and accurate diagnosis, yet automatic CT interpretation remains challenging as subtle injuries must be assessed across large 3D volumes. We ask whether full 3D vertebra segmentation is necessary for automated fracture recognition, or whether vertebra masks approximated from 2D projections can preserve sufficient diagnostic context. We propose an end-to-end pipeline that localizes the cervical spine, estim
Towards Realistic Remote Sensing Dataset Distillation with Discriminative Prototype-guided Diffusion
arXiv:2601.15829v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent years have witnessed the remarkable success of deep learning in remote sensing image interpretation, driven by the availability of large-scale benchmark datasets. However, this reliance on massive training data also brings substantial storage and computational costs. To address this challenge, this study introduces the concept of dataset distillation into the field of remote sensing image interpretation for the first time. Specifically,
Agentic Very Long Video Understanding
arXiv:2601.18157v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The advent of always-on personal AI assistants, enabled by all-day wearable devices such as smart glasses, demands a new level of contextual understanding, one that goes beyond short, isolated events to encompass the continuous, longitudinal stream of egocentric video. Achieving this vision requires advances in long-horizon video understanding, where systems must interpret and recall visual and audio information spanning days or even weeks. Ex
Resolving Primitive-Sharing Ambiguity in Long-Tailed TLS-Based Industrial MEP Point Cloud Segmentation via Spatial Context Constraints
arXiv:2601.19128v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)-based mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) point cloud segmentation, safety-critical components such as reducers and valves are persistently misclassifed, blocking reliable engineering knowledge extraction. This stems from a dual crisis--extreme class imbalance (215:1) compounded by geometric ambiguity, since most tail classes share cylindrical primitives with dominant head classes--that existing frequ
MetricAnything: Scaling Metric Depth Pretraining with Noisy Heterogeneous Sources
arXiv:2601.22054v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Scaling has powered recent advances in vision foundation models, yet extending this paradigm to metric depth estimation remains challenging due to heterogeneous sensor noise, camera-dependent biases, and metric ambiguity in noisy cross-source 3D data. We introduce Metric Anything, a simple and scalable pretraining framework that learns metric depth from noisy, diverse 3D sources without manually engineered prompts, camera-specific modeling, or
Self-Supervised Goal-Reaching Results in Multi-Agent Cooperation and Exploration
arXiv:2509.10656v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For groups of autonomous agents to achieve a particular goal, they must engage in coordination and long-horizon reasoning. Rather than relying on complex reward functions and explicit cooperation mechanisms, we ask what minimal ingredients are required for effective coordination and exploration to emerge in multi-agent settings. We investigate this question through self-supervised goal-reaching, where agents aim to maximize the likelihoo
Agentic Artificial Intelligence for Multistage Physics Experiments at a Large-Scale User Facility Particle Accelerator
arXiv:2509.17255v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present the first language-model-driven agentic artificial intelligence (AI) system to autonomously execute multi-stage physics experiments on a production synchrotron light source. Implemented at the Advanced Light Source particle accelerator, the system translates natural language user prompts into structured execution plans that combine archive data retrieval, control-system channel resolution, automated script generation, controll
OctoPipe: Reducing Pipeline Bubbles for Heterogeneous Models via Co-Optimizing Partitioning, Placement, and Scheduling
arXiv:2509.23722v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Pipeline parallelism is widely used to train large language models (LLMs). However, increasing heterogeneity in model architectures exacerbates pipeline bubbles, thereby reducing training efficiency. Prior approaches typically optimize a single phase of the pipeline schedule (i.e., partitioning, placement, or scheduling), leaving substantial pipeline bubbles. While promising, co-optimization poses three key challenges: (1) complex perfor
MAD-PINN: A Decentralized Physics-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Safe and Optimal Multi-Agent Control
arXiv:2509.23960v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Co-optimizing safety and performance in large-scale multi-agent systems remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), safety filtering, or Model Predictive Control (MPC) either lack strict safety guarantees, suffer from conservatism, or fail to scale effectively. We propose MAD-PINN, a decentralized physics-informed machine learning framework for solving the multi-agent state-con
Quadratic Programming Approach for Nash Equilibrium Computation in Multiplayer Imperfect-Information Games
arXiv:2509.25618v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: There has been significant recent progress in algorithms for approximation of Nash equilibrium in large two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games and exact computation of Nash equilibrium in multiplayer strategic-form games. While counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious play are scalable to large games and have convergence guarantees in two-player zero-sum games, they do not guarantee convergence to Nash equilibrium in mu
Panorama: Fast-Track Nearest Neighbors
arXiv:2510.00566v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Approximate Nearest-Neighbor Search (ANNS) pipelines for high-dimensional neural embeddings spend the bulk of their query time in candidate verification, making it the primary bottleneck in the search process. In this paper, we present PANORAMA, a state-of-the-art refinement technique that accelerates verification by exploiting the inherent spectral decay of these embeddings. Using PCA to compact signal energy, PANORAMA evaluates candida
The Three Regimes of Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2510.01460v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a practical paradigm that leverages offline datasets for pretraining and online interactions for fine-tuning. However, its empirical behavior is highly inconsistent: design choices of online fine-tuning that work well in one setting can fail completely in another. Guided by the stability--plasticity principle, we propose a framework that can explain this inconsistency: We argue
Verifier-free Test-Time Sampling for Vision-Language-Action Models
arXiv:2510.05681v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in robot control. However, they remain fundamentally limited in tasks that require high precision due to their single-inference paradigm. While test-time scaling approaches using external verifiers have shown promise, they require additional training and fail to generalize to unseen conditions. We propose Masking Distribution Guided Selection (MG-Select), a nov
SoK: Systematizing LLM Prompt Security: Taxonomies, Datasets, and Unified Evaluation of Attacks and Defenses
arXiv:2510.15476v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as interfaces to information, code, and real-world services, making prompt-level security failures a practical concern. Although jailbreak attacks, defenses, datasets, and automated judgers have advanced rapidly, evaluation remains fragmented across threat models, access assumptions, cost budgets, datasets, and success criteria. This makes reported attack success rates and defense gains
UNDREAM: Bridging Differentiable Rendering and Photorealistic Simulation for End-to-end Adversarial Attacks
arXiv:2510.16923v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep learning models deployed in safety critical applications like autonomous driving use simulations to test their robustness against adversarial attacks in realistic conditions. However, these simulations are non-differentiable, forcing researchers to create attacks that do not integrate simulation environmental factors, reducing attack success. To address this limitation, we introduce UNDREAM, the first software framework that bridges
A Model Can Help Itself: Reward-Free Self-Training for LLM Reasoning
arXiv:2510.18814v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Can language models improve their reasoning performance without external rewards, using only their own sampled responses for training? We show that they can. We propose Self-evolving Post-Training (SePT), a simple post-training method that alternates between self-generation and training on self-generated responses. It repeatedly samples questions, uses the model itself to generate responses under a specified sampling temperature, and the
PuzzleMoE: Efficient Compression of Large Mixture-of-Experts Models via Sparse Expert Merging and Bit-packed inference
arXiv:2511.04805v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown strong potential in scaling language models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. However, their widespread deployment remains limited due to the high memory overhead associated with storing all expert parameters, particularly as the number of experts increases. To address this challenge, prior works have explored expert dropping and merging strategies, yet they oft
Resilient by Design -- Active Inference for Distributed Continuum Intelligence
arXiv:2511.07202v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Failures are the norm in highly complex and heterogeneous devices spanning the distributed computing continuum (DCC), from resource-constrained IoT and edge nodes to high-performance computing systems. Ensuring reliability and global consistency across these layers remains a major challenge, especially for AI-driven workloads requiring real-time, adaptive coordination. This work-in-progress paper introduces a Probabilistic Active Inferen
When is a System Discoverable from Data? Discovery Requires Chaos
arXiv:2511.08860v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The deep learning revolution has spurred a rise in advances of using AI in sciences. Within physical sciences the main focus has been on discovery of dynamical systems from observational data. Yet the reliability of learned surrogates and symbolic models is often undermined by the fundamental problem of non-uniqueness. The resulting models may fit the available data perfectly, but lack genuine predictive power. This raises the question:
KAN vs LSTM Performance in Time Series Forecasting
arXiv:2511.18613v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This study presents a controlled comparison of baseline Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN), implemented via PyKAN, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for the forecasting of stochastic, non-stationary financial time series. The two architectures are assessed in terms of predictive accuracy, computational efficiency, and interpretability, with accuracy measured by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in normalised feature space. Under a
Exploring the Rashomon Set for Concept-Based Models
arXiv:2511.19636v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In many machine learning problems, there may exist multiple models that achieve nearly identical predictive performance while relying on fundamentally different internal logic. However, standard training procedures produce a single model, offering no practical way to explore alternatives that may better suit downstream needs. The set of these equally accurate models is known as the Rashomon set. Exploring the Rashomon set is particularly
EvoXplain: When Machine Learning Models Agree on Predictions but Disagree on Why -- Measuring Mechanistic Multiplicity Across Training Runs
arXiv:2512.22240v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Machine learning models are primarily judged by predictive performance, especially in applied genomics, where explanations are read as biological findings. In practice, reported gene panels are stabilised by averaging, ranking, or taking consensus over the many models a pipeline produces across cross-validation folds, tuning grids, and repeated runs. This raises an overlooked question: when two models achieve high accuracy, do they rely
Resource-constrained Project Scheduling with Time-of-Use Energy Tariffs and Machine States: A Logic-based Benders Decomposition Approach
arXiv:2601.06542v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) with Time-of-Use (TOU) energy tariffs and machine states, a variant of RCPSP for production scheduling, where energy price is part of the criteria and one highly energy-demanding machine can be in one of the following three states: proc, idle, or off. The problem involves scheduling all tasks, respecting precedence constraints and resource limitatio
ARCQuant: Boosting NVFP4 Quantization with Augmented Residual Channels for LLMs
arXiv:2601.07475v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The emergence of fine-grained numerical formats like NVFP4 presents new opportunities for efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, it is difficult to adapt existing Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) strategies to these formats: rotation-based methods compromise fine-grained block isolation; smoothing techniques struggle with significant 4-bit quantization errors; and mixed-precision approaches often conflict with hardware
One Prompt, Many Sounds: Modeling Listener Variability in LLM-Based Equalization
arXiv:2601.09448v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Conventional audio equalization is a static process that requires manual and cumbersome adjustments to adapt to changing listening contexts (e.g., mood, location, or social setting). In this paper, we introduce a Large Language Model (LLM)-based alternative that maps natural language text prompts to equalization settings. This enables a conversational approach to sound system control. By utilizing data collected from a controlled listeni
Stage-wise Attention-Guided Region Sequencing for Adversarial Attacks on Large Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2602.04356v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Targeted adversarial attacks on Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) test whether small image perturbations can steer model responses toward attacker-specified content. Under the standard L-infinity constraint, targeted attacks become a regional perturbation budget allocation problem: attack success depends not only on the perturbation objective, but also on which regions receive updates and in what order. Existing localized attacks improve ov
Geometric Observability Index: An Operator-Theoretic Framework for Per-Feature Sensitivity, Weak Observability, and Dynamic Effects in SE(3) Pose Estimation
arXiv:2602.05582v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce the Geometric Observability Index (GOI), a per-feature sensitivity measure for pose estimation on SE(3). For a Gauss-Newton curvature matrix $H=E[J^\top WJ]$ and a Riemannian metric $G$ on the Lie algebra, the index is the $G$-norm of the influence a single measurement exerts on the estimated pose: $\mathrm{GOI}(z)=\|\mathcal{A}_{OO}^{-1}P_O\,\varphi(z)\|_G$, where $\psi(z)=J^\top Wr(z)$ is the score, $\varphi=G^{-1}\psi$ its grad
MMEarth-Bench: Global Model Adaptation via Multimodal Test-Time Training
arXiv:2602.06285v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent research in geospatial machine learning has demonstrated that models pretrained with self-supervised learning on Earth observation data can perform well on downstream tasks with limited training data. However, most of the existing geospatial benchmark datasets have few data modalities and poor global representation, limiting the ability to evaluate multimodal pretrained models at global scales. To fill this gap, we introduce MMEarth-Ben
Alleviating Sparse Rewards by Modeling Step-Wise and Long-Term Sampling Effects in Flow-Based GRPO
arXiv:2602.06422v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deploying GRPO on Flow Matching models has proven effective for text-to-image generation. However, existing paradigms typically propagate an outcome-based reward to all preceding denoising steps without distinguishing the local effect of each step. Moreover, current group-wise ranking mainly compares trajectories at matched timesteps and ignores within-trajectory dependencies, where certain early denoising actions can affect later states via d
LGQ: Learnable Geometric Quantization for Image Tokenization
arXiv:2602.16086v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent collapse-free quantizers such as FSQ achieve stable training by replacing the learnable codebook with an engineered geometry: a fixed scalar grid whose structure is dictated by the codebook size K. We show this trade-off is unnecessary. We introduce Learnable Geometric Quantization (LGQ), which retains a learnable codebook of codes and performs soft-to-hard assignment via temperature annealing, regularized by two cheap terms: A diversit
SpectralGCD: Spectral Concept Selection and Cross-modal Representation Learning for Generalized Category Discovery
arXiv:2602.17395v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to identify novel categories in unlabeled data while leveraging a small labeled subset of known classes. Training a parametric classifier solely on image features often leads to overfitting to old classes, and recent multimodal approaches improve performance by incorporating textual information. However, they treat modalities independently and incur high computational cost. We propose SpectralGCD, an e
SFL-Net: Source-Factorized Latent Representation Learning for Multi-Contrast MRI to Tau-PET Synthesis
arXiv:2602.22545v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tau positron emission tomography supports Alzheimer's disease staging but is difficult to scale because of tracer, scanner, and radiation constraints. Synthesis from structural MRI is therefore attractive, but it is a particularly difficult setting. T1-weighted and FLAIR MRI provide anatomy and disease correlated morphology, but they do not directly measure Tau-PET relevant signal. We introduce SFL-Net, a multi-input synthesis framework that p
PRIMA: Pre-training with Risk-integrated Image-Metadata Alignment for Medical Diagnosis via LLM
arXiv:2602.23297v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Medical diagnosis requires the effective synthesis of visual manifestations and clinical metadata. However, existing methods often treat metadata as isolated tags, failing to exploit the rich semantic knowledge embedded in clinical descriptions. We propose PRIMA (Pre-training with Risk-integrated Image-Metadata Alignment), a framework that integrates domain-specific knowledge into multi-modal representation learning. We first curate an expert
RSTNet: Enhancing Small-Target Recognition in Noisy SAR Imagery via Robust Feature Learning and Distribution-Aware Regression
arXiv:2602.23820v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: SAR supports all-day-and-night oceanic observation, yet vessel identification from SAR images is hampered by speckle noise, intricate land-sea backgrounds and dim miniature vessels, yielding numerous false identifications and missed targets. We develop an SAR-adaptive stable detection model RSTNet based on YOLOv8. A large-kernel channel-separated denoising unit eliminates noise and reserves delicate vessel features; parallel patch-aware attent
Utonia: Toward One Encoder for All Point Clouds
arXiv:2603.03283v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We dream of a future where point clouds from all domains can come together to shape a single model that benefits them all. Toward this goal, we present Utonia, a first step toward training a single self-supervised point transformer encoder across diverse domains, spanning remote sensing, outdoor LiDAR, indoor RGB-D sequences, object-centric CAD models, and point clouds lifted from RGB-only videos. Despite their distinct sensing geometries, den
When Rubrics Fail: Error Enumeration as Reward in Reference-Free RL Post-Training for Virtual Try-On
arXiv:2603.05659v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) and Rubrics as Rewards (RaR) have driven strong gains in domains with clear correctness signals and even in subjective domains by synthesizing evaluation criteria from ideal reference answers. But many real-world tasks admit multiple valid outputs and lack the single ideal answer that rubric generation depends on. We identify this reference-free setting as a gap in current post-training met
AULLM++: Structured-Token-Conditioned Large Language Models for Micro-Expression Action Unit Detection
arXiv:2603.08387v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Micro-expression Action Unit (AU) detection identifies localized AUs from subtle facial muscle activations, providing a foundation for decoding affective cues. Previous methods face three key limitations: (1) heavy reliance on low-density visual information, rendering discriminative evidence vulnerable to background noise; (2) coarse-grained feature processing that misaligns with the demand for fine-grained representations; and (3) neglect of
SVG-EAR: Parameter-Free Linear Compensation for Sparse Video Generation via Error-aware Routing
arXiv:2603.08982v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have become a leading backbone for video generation, yet their quadratic attention cost remains a major bottleneck. Sparse attention reduces this cost by computing only a subset of attention blocks. However, prior methods often either drop the remaining blocks, which incurs information loss, or rely on learned predictors to approximate them, introducing training overhead and potential output distribution shifting.
Na\"ive PAINE: Lightweight Text-to-Image Generation Improvement with Prompt Evaluation
arXiv:2603.12506v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Text-to-Image (T2I) generation is primarily driven by Diffusion Models (DM) which rely on random Gaussian noise. Thus, like playing the slots at a casino, a DM will produce different results given the same user-defined inputs. This imposes a gambler's burden: To perform multiple generation cycles to obtain a satisfactory result. However, even though DMs use stochastic sampling to seed generation, the distribution of generated content quality h
Human-like Object Grouping in Self-supervised Vision Transformers
arXiv:2603.13994v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision foundation models trained with self-supervised objectives achieve strong performance across diverse tasks and exhibit emergent object segmentation properties. However, their alignment with human object perception remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce a behavioral benchmark in which participants make same/different object judgments for dot pairs on naturalistic scenes, scaling up a classical psychophysics paradigm to over 1000 tr
VesselTok: Tokenizing Vessel-like 3D Biomedical Graph Representations for Reconstruction and Generation
arXiv:2603.18797v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Spatial graphs provide a lightweight and elegant representation of curvilinear anatomical structures such as blood vessels, lung airways, and neuronal networks. Accurately modeling these graphs is crucial in clinical and (bio-)medical research. However, the high spatial resolution of large networks drastically increases their complexity, resulting in significant computational challenges. In this work, we aim to tackle these challenges by propo
Measuring 3D Spatial Geometric Consistency in Dynamic Video Generation
arXiv:2603.19048v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent generative models can produce high-fidelity videos, yet they often exhibit 3D spatial geometric inconsistencies. Existing evaluation methods fail to accurately characterize these inconsistencies: fidelity-centric metrics like FVD are insensitive to geometric distortions, while consistency-focused benchmarks often penalize valid foreground dynamics. To address this gap, we introduce SGC, a metric for evaluating 3D \textbf{S}patial \textb
Fourier Splatting: Generalized Fourier encoded primitives for scalable radiance fields
arXiv:2603.19834v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Novel view synthesis has recently been revolutionized by 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), which enables real-time rendering through explicit primitive rasterization. However, existing methods tie visual fidelity strictly to the number of primitives: quality downscaling is achieved only through pruning primitives. We propose the first inherently scalable primitive for radiance field rendering. Fourier Splatting employs scalable primitives with arb
A Two-stage Transformer Framework for Temporal Localization of Distracted Driver Behaviors
arXiv:2603.21048v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The identification of hazardous driving behaviors from in-cabin video streams is essential for enhancing road safety and supporting the detection of traffic violations and unsafe driver actions. However, current temporal action localization techniques often struggle to balance accuracy with computational efficiency. In this work, we develop and evaluate a temporal action localization framework tailored for driver monitoring scenarios, particul
Dress-ED: Instruction-Guided Editing for Virtual Try-On and Try-Off
arXiv:2603.22607v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in Virtual Try-On (VTON) and Virtual Try-Off (VTOFF) have greatly improved photo-realistic fashion synthesis and garment reconstruction. However, existing datasets remain static, lacking instruction-driven editing for controllable and interactive fashion generation. In this work, we introduce the Dress Editing Dataset (Dress-ED), the first large-scale benchmark that unifies VTON, VTOFF, and text-guided garment editing within a
Predicting Biased Human Decision-Making with Large Language Models in Conversational Settings
arXiv:2601.11049v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We examine whether large language models (LLMs) can predict biased decision-making in conversational settings, and whether their predictions capture not only human cognitive biases but also how those effects change under cognitive load. In a pre-registered study (N = 1,648), participants completed six classic decision-making tasks via a chatbot with dialogues of varying complexity. Participants exhibited two well-documented cognitive bia
Implementing Grassroots Logic Programs with Multiagent Transition Systems and AI (Full Version)
arXiv:2602.06934v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Grassroots Logic Programs (GLP) is a concurrent logic programming language in which logic variables are partitioned into paired readers and writers. An assignment is produced at most once via a writer and consumed at most once via its paired reader, and may contain additional readers and/or writers. This enables the concise expression of rich multidirectional communication modalities. The language was introduced together with concurren
rePIRL: Learn PRM with Inverse RL for LLM Reasoning
arXiv:2602.07832v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Process rewards have been widely used in deep reinforcement learning to improve training efficiency, reduce variance, and prevent reward hacking. In LLM reasoning, existing works also explore various solutions for learning effective process reward models (PRM) with or without the help of an expert policy. However, existing methods either rely on strong assumptions about the expert policies (e.g., requiring their reward functions) or suff
NextCrystal: a Symmetry-Driven Generative Framework for Crystal Structure Prediction
arXiv:2602.17176v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Crystal structure prediction (CSP), which aims to predict the 3D atomic arrangement of a crystal from its composition, is central to materials discovery and mechanistic understanding. Crystal symmetry plays a crucial role in CSP, but given the composition in a unit cell, existing methods either struggle with the NP-hard combinatorial challenge of enforcing symmetry rigorously or rely on retrieving known templates, inherently limiting bot
MARS: Margin and Semantic-Aware Data Augmentation for Reward Modeling
arXiv:2602.17658v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reward modeling is central to alignment pipelines such as RLHF, RLAIF, and PPO-based policy optimization, yet its reliability is constrained by limited and heterogeneous human preference data that are expensive to collect at scale. While synthetic augmentation can expand preference supervision, existing methods often augment uniformly or at the representation level, without targeting examples where the reward model is uncertain or prone
Inelastic Constitutive Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks: A generalized framework for automated discovery of interpretable inelastic material models
arXiv:2602.17750v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A key problem of solid mechanics is the identification of the constitutive law of a material, that is, the relation between strain history and stress. Machine learning has lead to considerable advances in this field lately. Here we introduce inelastic Constitutive Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (iCKANs). This novel artificial neural network architecture can discover in an automated manner symbolic constitutive laws describing both the elasti
Causal Mechanism Reduction: Mechanism Replacement for Neural Network Pruning and Abstraction
arXiv:2602.24266v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Which internal mechanisms of a neural network can be replaced while preserving the computation it performs? Structured pruning asks for smaller deployable networks; causal abstraction asks for high-level models that commute with interventions. We introduce causal mechanism reduction (CMR), a framework that treats a trained network as a deterministic structural causal model and replaces selected internal variables by constants or affine f
OSF: On Pre-training and Scaling of Sleep Foundation Models
arXiv:2603.00190v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Polysomnography (PSG) provides the gold standard for sleep assessment but suffers from substantial heterogeneity across recording devices and cohorts. There have been growing efforts to build general-purpose foundation models (FMs) for sleep physiology, but lack an in-depth understanding of the pre-training process and scaling patterns that lead to more generalizable sleep FMs. To fill this gap, we curate a massive corpus of 166,500 hour
GIPO: Gaussian Importance Sampling Policy Optimization
arXiv:2603.03955v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Post-training with reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown strong promise for advancing multimodal agents beyond supervised imitation. However, RL remains limited by poor data efficiency, particularly in settings where interaction data are scarce and quickly become outdated. To address this challenge, GIPO (Gaussian Importance sampling Policy Optimization) is proposed as a policy optimization objective based on truncated importanc
A Hybrid Quantum Circuit Born Machine Framework for Financial Volatility Forecasting: Quantum-Assisted Training and Classical Inference
arXiv:2603.09789v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate financial volatility forecasting is crucial but challenged by the non-linear, highly correlated nature of market data. Recently, quantum computing has emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex high-dimensional sampling problems. To harness this, we propose a novel hybrid framework combining the temporal representation power of classical neural networks with the distribution-learning capabilities of quantum models. Spec
Safe RLHF Beyond Expectation: Stochastic Dominance for Universal Spectral Risk Control
arXiv:2603.10938v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Safe Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) typically enforces safety through expected cost constraints, but the expectation captures only a single statistic of the cost distribution and fails to account for distributional uncertainty, particularly under heavy tails or rare catastrophic events. This limitation is problematic when robustness and risk sensitivity are critical. Stochastic dominance offers a principled alternative
Trust-Region Noise Search for Black-Box Alignment of Diffusion and Flow Models
arXiv:2603.14504v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Optimizing the noise samples of diffusion and flow models is an increasingly popular approach to align these models to target rewards at inference time. However, we observe that these approaches are usually restricted to differentiable or cheap reward models, the formulation of the underlying pretrained generative model, or are memory/compute inefficient. We instead propose a simple trust-region based search algorithm (TRS) which treats
Towards Reliable Local Security Agents: Verifiable Post-Training for Linux Privilege Escalation
arXiv:2603.17673v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM agents are becoming increasingly important in the security domain, but leading systems are often closed-source, cloud-based, hard to reproduce or use with sensitive code. This creates a need for small, local models that can perform security tasks under strict resource constraints, though effective methods for developing them remain unexplored. In this paper, we address this gap by proposing a two-stage post-training recipe that turns
From Arithmetic to Logic: The Resilience of Logic and Lookup-Based Neural Networks Under Parameter Bit-Flips
arXiv:2603.22770v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety-critical edge environments necessitates robustness against hardware-induced bit-flip errors. While empirical studies indicate that reducing numerical precision can improve fault tolerance, the theoretical basis of this phenomenon remains underexplored. In this work, we study resilience as a structural property of neural architectures rather than solely as a property of a dataset-spe
Estimating Individual Tree Height and Species from UAV Imagery
arXiv:2603.23669v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate estimation of forest biomass, a major carbon sink, relies heavily on tree-level traits such as height and species. Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) capturing high-resolution imagery from a single RGB camera offer a cost-effective and scalable approach for mapping and measuring individual trees. We introduce BIRCH-Trees, the first benchmark for individual tree height and species estimation from tree-centered UAV images, spanning
SutureFormer: Learning Surgical Trajectories via Goal-conditioned Offline RL in Pixel Space
arXiv:2603.26720v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Predicting surgical needle trajectories from endoscopic video is critical for robot-assisted suturing, enabling anticipatory planning, real-time guidance, and safer motion execution. Existing methods that directly learn motion distributions from visual observations tend to overlook the sequential dependency among adjacent motion steps. Moreover, sparse waypoint annotations often fail to provide sufficient supervision, further increasing
Unsupervised Behavioral Compression: Learning Low-Dimensional Policy Manifolds through State-Occupancy Matching
arXiv:2603.27044v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is widely recognized as sample-inefficient, a limitation attributable in part to the high dimensionality and substantial functional redundancy inherent to the policy parameter space. A recent framework, which we refer to as Action-based Policy Compression (APC), mitigates this issue by compressing the parameter space $\Theta$ into a low-dimensional latent manifold $\mathcal Z$ using a learned generative
Reachability Across the NL/PL Boundary: A Taxonomy-Driven Dataflow Model for LLM-Integrated Applications
arXiv:2603.28345v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM API calls have become a standard programming primitive, but they create a program boundary that disrupts traditional dataflow analysis. A runtime value may be inserted into a natural-language prompt through a template placeholder, transformed opaquely by the LLM, and returned as code, JSON, or text consumed by downstream logic. Existing analyses such as taint analysis and program slicing require a dataflow summary that describes how
Streaming Model Cascades for Semantic SQL
arXiv:2604.00660v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern data warehouses extend SQL with semantic operators that invoke large language models on each qualifying row, making per-row inference orders of magnitude more expensive than traditional SQL. Model cascades reduce this cost by routing most rows through a fast proxy model and delegating uncertain cases to an expensive oracle. Prior SUPG-style cascades, however, require a global proxy-score pass that is itself an LLM-inference worklo
AViS-Mamba: Adaptive Visual Steering of Audio State-Space Dynamics for Violence Detection
arXiv:2604.03329v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automatic violence detection from video is challenging because violent interactions may be distant, occluded, or only partially visible. Audio can provide complementary evidence for violent events that are difficult to recognize from visual information alone. However, audio itself may be absent, dubbed, or dominated by environmental noise, making the central challenge not whether to incorporate audio but how to adapt reliance on it accor
AgentFoX: LLM Agent-Guided Fusion with eXplainability for AI-Generated Image Detection
arXiv:2603.23115v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The realism of AI-generated images (AIGI) poses increasing challenges for reliable forensic detection, where heterogeneous expert detectors may produce conflicting predictions across diverse generative sources and post-processing conditions. Existing multi-expert fusion methods rely on fixed rules or learned fusion strategies, offering limited ability to assess sample-specific reliability, execute rigorous adjudication of conflicts, and provid
UniICL: Systematizing Unified Multimodal In-context Learning through a Capability-Oriented Taxonomy
arXiv:2603.24690v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In-context learning (ICL) enables fast task adaptation from demonstrations without per-task parameter updates but remains highly sensitive to example selection and formatting. In unified multimodal models spanning understanding and generation, this sensitivity is exacerbated by cross-modal interference and varying cognitive demands. Consequently, in-context learning efficacy is often non-monotonic and highly task-dependent. To diagnose these b
Industrial3D: A Water-Treatment TLS Point Cloud Dataset and Cross-Paradigm Benchmark for MEP Scene Understanding
arXiv:2603.28660v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Automated semantic understanding of dense terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds is a prerequisite for Scan-to-BIM, digital twin maintenance, and as-built verifcation. Yet for operational industrial mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) facilities, this challenge remains largely unsolved: water-treatment TLS scans exhibit extreme geometric ambiguity, severe occlusion, and extreme class imbalance that architectural benchmarks such a
LivingWorld: Interactive 4D World Generation with Environmental Dynamics
arXiv:2604.01641v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce LivingWorld, an interactive framework for generating 4D worlds with environmental dynamics from a single image. While recent advances in 3D scene generation enable large-scale environment creation, most approaches focus primarily on reconstructing static geometry, leaving scene-scale environmental dynamics such as clouds, water, or smoke largely unexplored. Modeling such dynamics is challenging because motion must remain coherent
LoMa: Local Feature Matching Revisited
arXiv:2604.04931v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Local feature matching has long been a fundamental component of 3D vision systems such as Structure-from-Motion (SfM), yet progress has lagged behind the rapid advances of modern data-driven approaches. The newer approaches, such as feed-forward reconstruction models, have benefited extensively from scaling dataset sizes, whereas local feature matching models are still only trained on a few mid-sized datasets. In this paper, we revisit local f
AsymLoc: Towards Asymmetric Feature Matching for Efficient Visual Localization
arXiv:2604.09445v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Precise and real-time visual localization is critical for applications like AR/VR and robotics, especially on resource-constrained edge devices such as smart glasses, where battery life and heat dissipation can be a primary concerns. While many efficient models exist, further reducing compute without sacrificing accuracy is essential for practical deployment. To address this, we propose asymmetric visual localization: a large Teacher model pro
Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventions
arXiv:2604.11730v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Using behavioural science, health interventions focus on behaviour change by providing a framework to help patients acquire and maintain healthy habits that improve medical outcomes. In-person interventions are costly and difficult to scale, especially in resource-limited regions. Digital health interventions offer a cost-effective approach, potentially supporting independent living and self-management. Automating such interventions, especiall
Open-Set Vein Biometric Recognition with Deep Metric Learning
arXiv:2604.14874v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Most state-of-the-art vein recognition methods rely on closed-set classification, which inherently limits their scalability and prevents the adaptive enrollment of new users without complete model retraining. We rigorously evaluate the computational boundaries of Deep Metric Learning (DML) under strict open-set constraints. Unlike standard closed-set approaches, we analyze the impact of data scarcity and domain shift on recognition performance
DreamShot: Personalized Storyboard Synthesis with Video Diffusion Prior
arXiv:2604.17195v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Storyboard synthesis plays a crucial role in visual storytelling, aiming to generate coherent shot sequences that visually narrate cinematic events with consistent characters, scenes, and transitions. However, existing approaches are mostly adapted from text-to-image diffusion models, which struggle to maintain long-range temporal coherence, consistent character identities, and narrative flow across multiple shots. In this paper, we introduce
Three-Step Nav: A Hierarchical Global-Local Planner for Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation
arXiv:2604.26946v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Breakthrough progress in vision-based navigation through unknown environments has been achieved by using multimodal large language models (MLLMs). These models can plan a sequence of motions by evaluating the current view at each time step against the task and goal given to the agent. However, current zero-shot Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) agents powered by MLLMs still tend to drift off course, halt prematurely, and achieve low overall
Difix3D-W: Distractor-Free Few-Shot 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild
arXiv:2604.27422v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose Difix3D-W, a 3D novel sparse-view synthesis framework for unconstrained real-world scenarios that contain distractors, occlusion, and appearance variation. Unlike existing methods that primarily perform novel-view synthesis from a sparse set of constrained images without transient elements or leverage unconstrained dense image collections in real-world scenarios, our method utilize sparse unconstrained images, showing high-quality 3
Syn4D: A Multiview Synthetic 4D Dataset
arXiv:2605.05207v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Dense 3D reconstruction and tracking of dynamic scenes from monocular video remains an important open challenge in computer vision. Progress in this area has been constrained by the scarcity of high-quality datasets with dense, complete, and accurate geometric annotations. To address this limitation, we introduce Syn4D, a multiview synthetic dataset of dynamic scenes that includes ground-truth camera motion, depth maps, dense tracking, and par
ECTraj: Enhanced Consistency Training for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction
arXiv:2605.08572v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Diffusion models for multi-agent trajectory prediction are limited by iterative denoising, which causes inference latency that hinders their use in time-critical settings like autonomous driving. Fast-sampling variants using DDIM and informed initial noise distributions partially alleviate this issue, but they either fail to achieve true single-step generation or are constrained by the chosen noise distribution. Consistency Models (CMs) offer
When Style Similarity Scores Fail: Diagnosing Raw CSD Cosine in Artist-Style Evaluation
arXiv:2605.09030v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Raw cosine in the 768-dimensional output space of the Contrastive Style Descriptor (CSD) is now widely read as an absolute, calibrated style-fidelity score for text-to-image and style-imitation evaluation. We introduce the discrimination gap, a corpus-internal, prototype-free and threshold-free diagnostic that tests whether contrastive style cosines admit an absolute same-versus-different interpretation on a candidate artist corpus. On a 1799-
AnyAct: Towards Human Reenactment of Character Motion From Video
arXiv:2605.15497v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study the problem of directly deriving an initial human reenactment from a monocular video of a non-human character. Our goal is not to reconstruct the source character itself but to reinterpret its motion as a plausible and editable human performance for downstream animation authoring. This task is challenging because existing video-based motion capture methods are largely restricted to human-centric structural spaces, while motion retarge
Starve to Perceive: Taming Lazy Perception in VLMs with Constrained Visual Bandwidth
arXiv:2605.18603v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) deployed as situated agents in high-resolution visual environments require active perception -- the ability to dynamically decide where to look through operations like zooming, cropping, and panning. However, current training paradigms produce models that mimic the surface form of such operations without functionally depending on their outputs, a phenomenon we term lazy perception. We trace this to a fundamental l
Towards Open-World Referring Expression Comprehension: A Benchmark with Training-free Multi-task Consistency Checker
arXiv:2605.25706v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to localize a target object within an image based on a given expression. Although recent advances in vision-language models have led to substantial improvements in REC tasks, current REC benchmarks often hold simple scenarios and the assumption that each expression maps to a unique object. These limitations hinder the deployment of REC models in open-world environments. To fill this gap, we introdu
Can Retrieval Heads See Images? Multimodal Retrieval Heads in Long-Context Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2605.27243v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large vision-language models increasingly rely on long-context modeling to reason over documents, hour-level videos, and long-horizon agent trajectories, requiring them to locate relevant evidence across interleaved text and images. Prior work has studied this behavior using retrieval heads in large language models, but its copy-based criterion does not directly apply when evidence appears in images. We introduce a multimodal retrieval head de
Feedforward 3D Editing Learns from Semantic-Part Transformation
arXiv:2605.27351v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: 3D editing is a fundamental capability for scalable 3D content creation. While image editing has rapidly evolved toward large-scale feedforward generative paradigms, 3D AI generation remains dominated by training-free editing pipelines. A central challenge of feedforward 3D editing lies in the lack of high-quality paired supervision. Editable 3D assets require simultaneous preservation of geometry, multi-view consistency, structural coherence,
One Click per Cell Type Suffices: Training-free Group Interaction for Cell Instance Segmentation
arXiv:2605.29429v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cell instance segmentation models trained on cell-specific datasets suffer severe performance drops on out-of-distribution cell types, while interactive foundation models overcome this through per-instance prompting at a cost that is prohibitively expensive for histopathology images containing hundreds to thousands of densely packed instances. We introduce \textbf{Group Prompting}, a new paradigm that shifts interactive segmentation from per-i
Don't Make Models Guess Security and Safety: Symbolic Guardrails for Domain-Specific AI Agents
arXiv:2604.15579v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: There is increasing interest in integrating AI agents that invoke tools into domain-specific commercial software, where unintended tool calls can cause serious security and safety incidents. This has drawn growing research attention, and many agent security and safety benchmarks have emerged. They implicitly shape how the community approaches security and safety. Yet existing work exhibits a blind spot: it emphasizes training-based metho
Unveiling Stochasticity: Universal Multi-modal Probabilistic Modeling for Traffic Forecasting
arXiv:2604.16084v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traffic forecasting is a challenging spatio-temporal modeling task and a critical component of urban transportation management. Current studies mainly focus on deterministic predictions, with limited considerations on the uncertainty and stochasticity in traffic dynamics. Therefore, this paper proposes an elegant yet universal approach that transforms existing models into probabilistic predictors by replacing only the final output layer
Governed MCP: Kernel-Level Tool Governance for AI Agents via Logit-Based Safety Primitives
arXiv:2604.16870v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: AI agents increasingly call external tools (file system, network, APIs) through the Model Context Protocol (MCP). These tool calls are the agent's syscalls: privileged operations with side effects on shared state, yet today's safety enforcement lives entirely in userspace, where a 10-line script can bypass it. I propose Governed MCP, a kernel-resident tool governance gateway built on a logit-based safety primitive (ProbeLogits). The gate
StarTSE: Towards Streaming Target Speaker Extraction via Chunk-wise Interleaved Splicing of Autoregressive Language Model
arXiv:2604.19635v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While generative models have set new benchmarks for Target Speaker Extraction (TSE), their inherent reliance on global context precludes deployment in real-time applications. Direct adaptation to streaming scenarios often leads to catastrophic inference performance degradation due to the severe mismatch between training and streaming inference. To bridge this gap, we present the first autoregressive (AR) models tailored for streaming TSE
CorridorVLA: Explicit Spatial Constraints for Generative Action Heads via Sparse Anchors
arXiv:2604.21241v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision--Language--Action (VLA) models often use intermediate representations to connect multimodal inputs with continuous control, yet spatial guidance is often injected implicitly through latent features. We propose CorridorVLA, which predicts sparse spatial anchors as incremental physical changes (e.g., end-effector $\Delta$-positions) and uses them to impose an explicit tolerance region in the training objective for action generation.
Query2Diagram: Answering Developer Queries with UML Diagrams
arXiv:2604.23816v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Software documentation frequently becomes outdated or fails to exist entirely, yet developers need focused views of their codebase to understand complex systems. While automated reverse engineering tools can generate UML diagrams from code, they produce overwhelming detail without considering developer intent. We introduce query-driven UML diagram generation, where LLMs create diagrams that directly answer natural language questions abou
Incompressible Knowledge Probes: Estimating Black-Box LLM Parameter Counts via Factual Capacity
arXiv:2604.24827v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Closed-source frontier labs do not disclose parameter counts. Storing F facts requires at least F/(bits per parameter) weights, so factual recall lower-bounds parameter count--an intrinsic, serving-independent signal, though (as we show) a coarse one. We introduce Incompressible Knowledge Probes (IKPs), a benchmark of 1,400 factual questions spanning 7 tiers of obscurity, designed to isolate knowledge that cannot be derived by reasoning
Fitting Horn DL Ontologies to ABox and Query Examples: A Tale of Simulation Quantifiers and Finite Models
arXiv:2604.26976v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the problem of fitting a description logic (DL) ontology to a given set of positive and negative examples that take the form of an ABox and a Boolean query. While previous work has investigated this problem for the expressive DLs ALC and ALCI, we here focus on the Horn DLs EL and ELI, as well as their extensions with the bottom concept. As the query language, we consider atomic queries (AQs), conjunctive queries (CQs), and union
Shao: Scaling Acoustic Token Language Models Toward High-Fidelity Music Generation
arXiv:2605.01790v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A common design pattern in high-quality music generation is to handle structure and fidelity in different representation spaces: a generator first models high-level structure, followed by diffusion-based or neural decoding stages that reconstruct fine details. In this work, we explore an alternative view: both may be progressively modeled within a single deep acoustic-token hierarchy. To study this, we build a 64-layer residual vector qu
ARISE: A Repository-level Graph Representation and Toolset for Agentic Program Repair and Fault Localization
arXiv:2605.03117v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automated program repair at repository scale requires an agent to locate a fault among thousands of files and synthesize a correct patch. Existing graph-based agents represent how a repository is organized into files, classes, and functions, but they do not model how variable values flow within a procedure, which leaves the agent without the semantic precision that function-level and line-level localization demand. We present ARISE (Agen
Undetectable Backdoors in Model Parameters: Hiding Sparse Secrets in High Dimensions
arXiv:2605.04209v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present Sparse Backdoor, a supply-chain attack that plants a provably undetectable backdoor in pre-trained image classifiers, including convolutional networks and Vision Transformers. The attack injects a structured sparse perturbation along a randomly chosen direction into a small subset of columns at each fully connected layer, propagating a trigger signal to an adversary-chosen target class, and masks the perturbation with an indep
BioProVLA-Agent: An Affordable, Protocol-Driven, Vision-Enhanced VLA-Enabled Embodied Multi-Agent System with Closed-Loop-Capable Reasoning for Biological Laboratory Manipulation
arXiv:2605.07306v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Biological laboratory automation can reduce repetitive manual work and improve reproducibility, but reliable embodied execution in wet-lab environments remains challenging. Protocols are often unstructured, labware is frequently transparent or reflective, and multi-step procedures require state-aware execution beyond one-shot instruction following. Existing robotic systems often rely on costly hardware, fixed workflows, dedicated instrum
Defense effectiveness across architectural layers: a mechanistic evaluation of persistent memory attacks on stateful LLM agents
arXiv:2605.08442v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Persistent memory in LLM agents creates an attack surface that production safety classifiers do not observe: the payload enters via RAG retrieval and persists across sessions via tool-mediated memory. We evaluate six defenses across four architectural layers against delayed-trigger attacks on nine open-source models (5,040 runs, N=40 per condition). Five of six defenses fail: input-level filters never see the payload (it enters via RAG,
Evolutionary Ensemble of Agents
arXiv:2605.09018v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce Evolutionary Ensemble (EvE), a decentralized framework that organizes existing, highly capable coding agents into a live, co-evolving system for algorithmic discovery. Rather than reinventing the wheel within the "LLMs as optimizers" paradigm, EvE fixes the base agent substrate and focuses entirely on evolving the cumulative guidance and skills that dictate agent behaviors. By maintaining two co-evolving populations, namely
Clin-JEPA: A Multi-Phase Co-Training Framework for Joint-Embedding Predictive Pretraining on EHR Patient Trajectories
arXiv:2605.10840v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present Clin-JEPA, a multi-phase co-training framework for joint-embedding predictive (JEPA) pretraining on EHR patient trajectories. JEPA architectures have enabled latent-space planning in robotics and high-quality representation learning in vision, but extending the paradigm to EHR data -- to obtain a single backbone that simultaneously forecasts patient trajectories and serves diverse downstream risk-prediction tasks without per-t
Active Sensing with Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Emitter Localization from RF Observations
arXiv:2605.12569v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) interference poses a serious threat to reliable positioning, especially in indoor and multipath-rich environments where source localization is highly challenging. In this paper, we formulate GNSS interference localization as an active sensing problem and propose a reinforcement learning (RL) framework in which an agent sequentially explores the environment to infer the position of an emitter sour
CogAdapt: Adapting Clinical ECG Foundation Models for Wearable Cognitive Load Assessment
arXiv:2605.22774v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Assessing cognitive load continuously and at low latency would help adaptive human-computer interaction, but it remains hard because labeled data are scarce and models generalize poorly across subjects. Recent ECG foundation models, pre-trained on millions of clinical diagnostic ECG recordings, yet they do not apply directly to wearable devices when the sensor configuration and the task both differ. We present CogAdapt, a framework that
High-Risk AI Systems and the Problem of Identity in the European AI Act
arXiv:2605.23922v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes a lifecycle governance regime for high-risk AI systems built around ex-ante conformity assessment, post-market monitoring, and re-assessment upon "substantial modification." These obligations presuppose AI identity judgments: regulators and providers must decide when an updated system remains the same system over time. In this work, we show how this logic is clarified by the function+
Hidden-State Privacy Has an Empty Middle
arXiv:2605.24042v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Of $1{,}536$ Gaussian release covariances we tested for single-layer hidden-state privacy, zero achieve both moderate utility and moderate privacy against an adaptive retrieval attacker. We prove a complementary Fisher-ball lower bound: every full-rank Gaussian release at $O(1)$ Fisher utility admits a direction whose Mahalanobis signal grows linearly in hidden width, ruling out uniform Gaussian safety in the class and matching the empir
Dissociative Identity: Language Model Agents Lack Grounding for Reputation Mechanisms
arXiv:2605.30169v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As autonomous language model agents proliferate, forming an emerging agentic web with real-world consequences, what credibility signals can you use to decide whether to trust an unfamiliar agent in the wild and delegate to it? A natural governance intuition is to extend human identity verification and reputation mechanisms, from "Know Your Customer" and credit scores to "Know Your Agent" regimes. However, we argue that this analogy is fu
GUI-AC: Enhancing Continual Learning in GUI Agents
arXiv:2606.10522v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) serve as the dominant medium for human-computer interaction, yet building GUI agents that generalize across the vast diversity of real-world interface environments, with the same flexibility and robustness that humans naturally exhibit, remains unsolved. Notably, GUI data are inherently non-stationary: the continual emergence of previously unseen interface instances (e.g., novel domains and resolutions) induces
Selective Mask Propagation for Multi-Object Tracking
arXiv:2606.13033v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-object tracking has a heavy-tailed difficulty distribution: most frames are easy for a lightweight base tracker, while a small fraction are intrinsically hard. Video object segmentation (VOS) models can often preserve identity through the hard frames where the base tracker fails, but they are much more expensive in compute and memory. We propose selective mask propagation, a tracking algorithm that dispatches from a base tracker to a VOS
Iterative Visual Thinking and the Self-Correction Mirage in VLM Grounding
arXiv:2606.13156v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Letting a vision-language model (VLM) think longer at test time has driven much recent progress. A natural way to bring this to spatial grounding is visual self-correction: the model predicts a bounding box, sees it rendered on the image, and refines it over several steps. We build a faithful instance of this idea, Iterative Visual Thinking (IVT), with a two-phase recipe: a supervised warm-up in which the base model's own predictions serve as
City landscape in sight: A crowdsourced framework for unlocking urban-scale window view perceptions from real estate imagery
arXiv:2606.15198v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: City landscapes viewed through home windows influence quality of life, yet perceptions of actual window views at the urban scale remain understudied. This study presents an approach for large-scale mapping of perceptions using 12,334 window view images (WVIs) collected from actual residential properties listed on real estate platforms in Wuhan, China, representing a rarely explored form of urban view imagery that offers advantages over the ren
Taming I2V models for Image HOI Editing: A Cognitive Benchmark and Agentic Self-Correcting Framework
arXiv:2606.19073v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current image editing methods excel at static attributes but fail at complex Human-Object Interactions (HOI), a critical challenge unaddressed by existing benchmarks that conflate HOI with static attributes, relying on global metrics incapable of simultaneously assessing dynamic interaction validity and entangled human-object pair preservation. Thus, we first introduce HOI-Edit, a comprehensive benchmark with three progressive cognitive levels
Triangular Consistency as a Universal Constraint for Learning Optical Flow
arXiv:2606.19938v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose triangular consistency as a first-principled constraint for optical flow, which is agnostic to network architecture, supervision type, and dataset, and applies to both image-pair and multi-frame settings. This simple but powerful constraint is to compose two flows to induce a third flow and enforce consistency among the three. The composed flows may arise from (i) image pairs, yielding cycle consistency; (ii) multiple video frames,
Evaluation of Medical Vision Language Models HuluMed and MedGemma, and general purpose chatbots Gemma 3, ChatGPT Plus, and Claude Pro on real previously unseen wound images
arXiv:2606.20723v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chronic wound assessment remains a clinically challenging task that requires accurate interpretation of wound morphology, tissue composition, vascular characteristics, and infection risk. Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have introduced the possibility of automated multimodal wound analysis through image understanding combined with clinical reasoning. This study evaluates the performance of several general-purpose and medically
UNITY: Attention Flow Networks for Adaptive Conditioning in Diffusion
arXiv:2606.20971v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce UNITY, a Universal-to-Specialized adapter for efficient and scalable composite conditioning in diffusion based image generation. Unlike prior methods that train separate adapters for each conditioning modality, UNITY jointly learns shared semantics across multiple conditioning types and subsequently specializes without modifying the underlying architecture. The proposed two stage training paradigm consists of a Universal Stage tha
Cross-View Yaw Estimation in Location Uncertainty with Line-Aligning Yaw Scoring
arXiv:2606.22094v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate yaw estimation is a bottleneck in cross-view localization between ground view and Bird's Eye View (BEV). Existing methods couple yaw with translation and rely on height or projection assumptions that degrade under large yaw ambiguity. We disentangle yaw from location accuracy and introduce LAYS, a radially invariant line-consensus voting method. By exploiting the radial invariance of our formulation, we achieve sub-degree yaw precisio
The Power of Light: Improving Synthetic-to-Real Domain Adaptation through Physically-Based Indirect Illumination
arXiv:2606.22574v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While synthetic data generation resolves the manual labeling bottleneck in computer vision, minimizing the syn-to-real domain gap requires optimizing rendering variables. This paper presents a systematic study analyzing the impact of lighting configurations and background complexity on object detection performance. We introduce SmartSDG, an automated, reproducible pipeline built on NVIDIA Isaac Sim using Physically-Based Shading (PBS), alongsi
Rethinking Prototype-based Similarity Learning for Few-Shot Object Detection
arXiv:2606.23069v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Few-shot object detection aims to detect novel object categories from only a few labeled examples, avoiding costly large-scale annotation. Recent prototype-based similarity learning approaches enable training-free adaptation by matching query features with class prototypes. However, they suffer from two fundamental limitations: (i) class confusion arising from inter-class similarity margin collapse, and (ii) insufficient visual cues for precis
VideoAgent: All-in-One Framework for Video Understanding and Editing
arXiv:2606.23327v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Video editing has become essential in digital media creation, yet existing automated systems are restricted to short segment processing and domain-specific tasks. They face two critical limitations: i) inability to handle diverse video comprehension and editing operations, and ii) lack of long-video understanding for coherent narrative creation. We propose VideoAgent, an all-in-one agentic framework addressing these challenges through two key
DramaDirector: Geometry-Guided Short Drama Generation
arXiv:2606.24107v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Short dramas, with their rapid shot rhythms, dialogue-driven focus shifts, and demanding cinematographic grounding, pose challenges that prompt-level or text-only video generation pipelines struggle to meet. We study plot-to-short-drama generation, where a global plot and local context are transformed into visually grounded multi-shot videos. We propose DramaDirector, a geometry-grounded framework that lets the planner borrow cinematographic g
What Does the Brain See? Multiview Neural Representations to Demystify the Brain-Visual Alignment
arXiv:2606.25718v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Zero-shot visual decoding from electroencephalography (EEG) aims to infer visual semantics from non-invasive neural recordings, but remains challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, non-stationarity, and limited spatial resolution of EEG. Existing EEG-vision alignment methods often rely on holistic EEG embeddings, which can obscure the complementary temporal, spectral, and spatial structure underlying visual perception. We introduce a
TryOnCrafter: Unleashing Camera Trajectories for Realistic Video Virtual Try-on via a Renderable 4D Try-on Proxy
arXiv:2606.26092v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While Video Virtual Try-on (VVT) has achieved remarkable progress in synthesizing realistic garment overlays on dynamic subjects, existing paradigms remains fundamentally constrained by a passive dependency on source camera trajectories, failing to accommodate the requisite interactive freedom for omnidirectional viewpoint exploration. To address this limitation, we define a pioneering research frontier: Camera-controllable Video Virtual Try-o
HKVLM: Faithful Query--Region Binding for Frozen-Detector Visual Grounding
arXiv:2606.28862v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Visual grounding often fails even when the target object is present in the proposal pool, because the language-side referent is bound to the wrong region. We study this binding failure under frozen perception and ask whether an explicit query--region alignment hook, together with a perception-grounded abstention mechanism, can improve faithful grounding without retraining the detector or the vision-language backbone. HKVLM freezes a language-a
A Deep Multiscale Neural Network for Accurate Neurological Disorder Detection from MRI Scans and Real-Time Web Deployment
arXiv:2606.29106v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neurological disorders involve diverse pathologies of the brain and nervous system, making early and accurate detection essential. While many deep CNNs have been developed for MRI-based classification of neurological disorders, most are optimized for binary tasks and often fail to capture the multi-class features needed to distinguish subtle anatomical differences across conditions. This study proposes the Enhanced Neurological Disorder Detect
Rectifying Mask via Entropy for Distractor-Free 3DGS in Ambiguous Scenarios
arXiv:2606.29496v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present RefineSplat, a systematic framework that effectively constructs transient masks to identify diverse ambiguous distractors. To do this, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyze issues and propose a novel entropy-aware adaptive masking method. Unlike existing approaches that struggle to distinguish transient elements from static scenes due to color or semantic ambiguity, RefineSplat captures ambiguous distractors leveraging entropy
GarmentZoom: Generating Zoomable Images from Garment Listings
arXiv:2606.29535v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Online product listings for garments often include an overview photo and a close-up to show garment details. However, each photo focuses on either field of view or garment detail, forcing users to alternate between views and breaking browsing continuity. We present GarmentZoom, a system that enhances the full-view photo to match the fidelity of its accompanying close-up, enabling seamless zoom-and-pan exploration. Unlike standard reference-bas
Argus: Metric Panoramic 3D Reconstruction for Indoor Scenes
arXiv:2606.30047v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Metric feed-forward 3D reconstruction for panoramic data remains under-explored due to the lack of large-scale panoramic RGB-D training data. We present Realsee3D, a hybrid dataset of 10K indoor scenes (1K real, 9K synthetic) with 299K panoramic viewpoints and precise metric annotations, and Argus, a feed-forward network trained on it for metric panoramic 3D reconstruction. In the sparse unordered capture setting of Realsee3D, a poorly chosen
De-attribute to Forget for LLM Unlearning
arXiv:2605.30919v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns on the use of inappropriate data for training, which has led to a growing interest in LLM unlearning. Many existing LLM unlearning approaches rely on optimizing prediction loss(es), such as maximizing the loss on the forget set, but often face critical issues like over-forgetting and poor model utility. To address them, this paper novelly frames the optimization ob
Automatically Differentiable Nonlinear Tensor Networks (ADNTNs) for Exponential Parameter Compression of Deep Neural Networks
arXiv:2606.00130v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large deep neural networks are costly to store and deploy because inference must move and evaluate many parameters. This paper studies \emph{Automatically Differentiable Nonlinear Tensor Networks} (ADNTNs), compact differentiable weight generators for replacing selected dense, convolutional, and attention layers. An ADNTN maps a small set of trainable tensor cores to a full weight tensor through hierarchical contractions and learnable no
ParetoPilot: Zero-Surrogate Offline Multi-Objective Optimization via Infer-Perturb-Guide Diffusion
arXiv:2606.04468v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Offline multi-objective optimization (Offline MOO) seeks Pareto-optimal designs from static datasets without additional environment interactions. Existing generative methods typically guide sampling with external surrogate or preference models, which adds training complexity and may provide unreliable guidance. We propose ParetoPilot, a plug-and-play method that guides designs to Pareto front at inference time using a pre-trained conditi
FP8 is All You Need (Part 1): Debunking Hardware FP64 as the HPC Holy Grail (June 13th version)
arXiv:2606.06510v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Conventional HPC holds that native hardware FP64 is the irreducible foundation of scientific computing. On AI-optimized GPUs of the NVIDIA B300 generation and beyond, native FP64 throughput has collapsed to ~1.3 TFLOPS even as FP8 tensor throughput has grown to multiple PFLOPS. We argue something stronger than that this is survivable: the FP8 tensor-core matrix-multiply is the sole computational primitive on which double-precision scient
A Mathematical Theory of Value: a synthesis on goal-directed agency under resource constraints
arXiv:2606.12502v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose that value -- the quantity goal-directed agents create, destroy, and exchange -- is a lawful structural quantity in the same category as information. Following Shannon's method, we make one ruthless abstraction: value is the rate at which an agent converts a resource into goal-progress, relative to a frame fixed by its goal. A scale-invariance axiom forces a logarithmic measure, $V=\sum_i k_i\ln e_i$; compounding of a reinvest
A Unified Causal-Origin Taxonomy of Distributional Shifts in Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2606.16933v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) systems often degrade when operating conditions differ from those previously encountered, reflecting distributional shifts in the underlying data-generating process. Such shifts may occur between training and evaluation, as in In-Distribution (ID) and Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, or within non-stationary settings where environment dynamics evolve over time. However, the formal relationship between
TransitNet: A Compact Attention-Augmented Deep Learning Framework for Low-SNR Transit Blind Searches
arXiv:2606.18932v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Motivated by the observational incompleteness of intermediate-to-long-period Earth-size planets, we present TransitNet, a compact attention-augmented deep-learning framework for low-SNR transit blind searches. To enable realistic method development and objective threshold calibration under blind-search conditions, we develop a unified dataset construction, benchmarking, and threshold-selection framework. On recovery benchmarks constructe
OrthoReg: Orthogonal Regularization for Hybrid Symbolic-Neural Dynamical Systems
arXiv:2606.19145v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Dynamical systems are fundamental to modeling the natural world, yet modeling them involves a persistent trade-off: manually prescribed mechanistic models are interpretable by design but often overly simplistic and misspecified; in contrast, flexible data-driven neural methods lack physical insight. Hybrid modeling aims for the best of both worlds by combining a prescribed or symbolic, physics-based component with a flexible neural netwo
Hard or Just Unreached? Diagnosing the Sampling Blind Spot in Math-Reasoning Difficulty Estimation
arXiv:2606.19636v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Math and science reasoning benchmarks rely on pass@k, the fraction of sampled chains that reach gold, as the canonical per-example difficulty signal. The same signal drives RL with verifiable rewards, math data curation, synthetic curricula, and verifier training. We show this proxy has a persistent blind spot on its hardest stratum: on the eight free-form math cells we test (GSM8K and MATH across four open-weight models), 10.3-22.9% of
UC-Search: Risk-Aware Test-Time Search for Delayed Constrained Time-Series Control
arXiv:2606.25274v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Time-series deployments often need delayed feasible decisions, not only accurate forecasts. UC-Search is a trace-only retained-search layer for delayed constrained control: a frozen backbone emits forecasts or action scores, a hard-feasibility automaton rolls paths forward, and bounded search returns the first action of a feasible trajectory. The main claim is conditional: retained lookahead can improve delayed constrained decisions only
Multipath Adaptive Gated Bottleneck Latent ODE with Raman Data Fusion for Cell Culture Process Forecasting
arXiv:2606.26520v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mammalian cell-culture processes underpin the manufacture of many biopharmaceuticals, yet keeping a run on track is hard: critical process parameters drift over days, and an off-specification trend is often confirmed too late to intervene. Early-stage, multi-day forecasts could enable timely adjustment of feeding, sampling, and control, but bioprocess forecasting is challenging because measurements are sparse and irregularly sampled, ope
Heavy-Ball Q-Learning with Residual Weighting Correction
arXiv:2606.27112v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper proposes a corrected heavy-ball Q-learning method for reinforcement learning (RL) and establishes convergence of its deterministic mean dynamics. It also identifies conditions under which the method is theoretically guaranteed to converge faster than standard Q-learning. The same construction is then extended to Q-learning with linear function approximation, where analogous convergence and acceleration statements are derived f
Reward-Free Code Alignment from Pretrained or Fine-Tuned LLM: Unpacking the Trade-offs for Code Generation
arXiv:2606.28998v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) alignment trains an LLM using preference data to produce outputs that better meet established quality standards. While LLM alignment techniques are studied for non-coding tasks, we know little about their usefulness for coding tasks. It is unclear whether LLM code alignment could support both functional requirements (producing executable, correct code) and non-functional requirements (code readability, style, m
Automating the Design of Embodied Agent Architectures
arXiv:2606.30111v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Embodied agents are typically built as hand-designed compositions of perception, memory, planning, and action modules. This modularity exposes a large architectural design space, but current systems still rely on researcher intuition to choose where information is stored, how observations are processed, and how model calls are connected. Agent Architecture Search (AAS) automates such design for text-domain agents, but has not been system
Modeling Cell-Cycle-Aware Single-Cell Drug Perturbation Responses
arXiv:2606.30695v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Single-cell drug perturbation models should capture transcriptional response magnitude and whether a treatment changes the proliferative state of the cell. This is difficult because cell-cycle variation is often treated as a nuisance factor, and benchmark processing rarely makes drug-induced phase changes a primary prediction target. We introduce scCycleMol, a cell-cycle-aware perturbation prediction framework built on a curated 24-hour
From Materials Database to Materials Bank: Assetizing Data for AI Driven Materials Innovation
arXiv:2606.31366v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Driven by high-throughput experimentation, computational modeling, and artificial intelligence (AI), materials data has expanded at an unprecedented rate. Conventional materials databases function only as passive repositories, archiving raw experimental records indiscriminately including both successful and failed data, without systematic value filtering or asset management. This creates a critical gap between massive data accumulation a
WorldRoamBench: An Open-World Benchmark for Long-Horizon Stability of Interactive World Models
arXiv:2606.31672v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Despite rapid progress in interactive world models (IWMs), existing benchmarks evaluate action following only at trajectory level and ignore memory and interaction physics. We introduce WorldRoamBench, an open-world benchmark for long-horizon stability across four dimensions, each with tailored innovations: (i) Action: per-frame action metric bypassing cross-model semantic scale disparity and exposing failures hidden by trajectory; (ii)
TRIAGE: Role-Typed Credit Assignment for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2606.32017v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Agentic reinforcement learning requires assigning credit to environment-facing actions such as searches, clicks, edits, navigation commands, and object interactions. Standard GRPO uses the final verifier outcome as a uniform advantage over all action tokens. This outcome signal is useful but structurally incomplete: it punishes useful exploration in failed rollouts and reinforces redundant or regressive actions in successful rollouts. We
Spectral Geometry and Bosonic-Bloch Probes: Explorations in Quantum Learning
arXiv:2607.00063v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper studies how spectral geometry emerges in quantum learning models and how it can be diagnosed with physically grounded probes. In graph-regularized quantum networks, training reorganizes the output similarity graph, increases the effective spectral dimension Delta S = +0.23, and reshapes the Laplacian spectrum. Edge-resolved two-boson interference directly probes this restructuring: the bosonic enhancement Delta P_uv correlates
Phantom References: Hallucinated Citations That Survive Peer Review at Top-Tier Conferences
arXiv:2607.00738v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models can generate polished scientific text that includes unsupported claims, allowing hallucinations to enter the archival record. Assessing this risk via technical statements is difficult and often requires expert judgment, but citations provide a more auditable surface: a reference either resolves to a real scholarly work with compatible authorship, or it does not. We measure citation hallucination in peer-reviewed p
StereoGS: Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Splatting via Stereo Priors
arXiv:2606.30545v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has achieved remarkable success in real-time novel view synthesis, yet it suffers from severe overfitting under sparse-view settings due to insufficient geometric constraints. While recent methods introduce monocular depth priors to mitigate this, they inherently struggle with scale ambiguity and cross-view inconsistency, leading to defective geometry. In this paper, we propose StereoGS, a novel sparse-view 3DGS fr
ABot-M0.5: Unified Mobility-and-Manipulation World Action Model
arXiv:2607.00678v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mobile manipulation is a key capability for general-purpose robots, yet remains challenging for current embodied learning methods. VLA policies are typically reactive and lack explicit world modeling, while existing World Action Models (WAMs) are still poorly aligned with the structure of mobile manipulation: they operate on coarse video chunks, model entangled navigation-manipulation actions, and train inverse dynamics under supervision that
Pano2World: End-to-End 3D Generation via Unified Multi-View Sequences
arXiv:2607.00832v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A single panorama captures the full visual sphere from one camera center, yet confines users to looking around in place without enabling true scene exploration. Converting a single panorama into a persistent, renderable 3D representation for free-viewpoint navigation has attracted growing interest; existing methods either adopt iterative per-view completion that propagates inpainting results to update the underlying geometry, leading to progre
GeoSearcher: Anchor-Guided Progressive Reasoning for Remote Sensing Visual Grounding with Process Supervision
arXiv:2607.01050v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong cross-modal understanding and coordinate generation abilities in visual grounding. However, transferring these abilities to remote sensing visual grounding (RSVG) remains challenging. High-resolution remote sensing images usually cover large-scale scenes, where targets are often extremely small and surrounded by numerous visually similar distractors. Meanwhile, queries often con
AnchorSplat: Fast and Structure Consistent Detail Synthesis for Gaussian Splatting
arXiv:2607.01290v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful representation for high-fidelity rendering. However, existing assets often suffer from quality bottlenecks such as missing details and texture noise. Prior attempts to enhance these assets via 2D image processing introduce multi-view inconsistencies and high computational costs. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D-native refinement paradigm named AnchorSplat. AnchorSplat is an end-to-end
A Cost-Aware, Paired Protocol for Auditing Dynamic Tool Synthesis in Agentic Video Question Answering
arXiv:2607.01469v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Agentic Video Question Answering (VideoQA) systems invoke tools during inference, but their tool libraries are fixed, so recurring procedures are rebuilt from primitives on every question. Synthesizing composite tools could remove this overhead, but whether such expansion helps is hard to assess: final-answer accuracy, the standard metric, ignores inference effort, so it cannot reveal how a system shifts cost. We propose a cost-aware, paired p
PixGS: Pixel-Space Diffusion for Direct 3D Gaussian Splat Generation
arXiv:2607.01803v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent advances in 3D content generation from text or images have achieved impressive results, yet view inconsistency from 2D generators and the scarcity of high-quality 3D data remain significant bottlenecks. Existing solutions typically adapt large-scale pre-trained text-to-image latent diffusion models to generate 3D Gaussian Splats (3DGS). However, these approaches often rely on training complex cascade pipelines that are computationally e
Diversity-aware View Partitioning for Scalable VGGT
arXiv:2607.01885v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Geometry transformers such as VGGT achieve strong performance by jointly reasoning over multiple views with global attention. However, scaling them to large view collections remains challenging due to the quadratic cost of attention. Moreover, our empirical analysis reveals that the reconstruction quality in VGGT is sensitive to the distribution of viewpoints. Simply increasing the number of views without sufficient viewpoint diversity can eve
ComplexMimic: Human-Scene Interaction Imitation in Complex 3D Environments
arXiv:2607.02034v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Physics-based Human-Scene Interaction (HSI) imitation learning is crucial for embodied intelligence as it bridges the gap between kinematic 3D motions and real-world dynamics. However, most existing methods focus on simplified scene settings, leaving complex environments largely unexplored, which limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we focus on HSI mimicry in complex environments. Under this complex setting, we ob
Show Me Examples: Inferring Visual Concepts from Image Sets
arXiv:2607.02402v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) can follow complex textual instructions, yet they struggle to reason from purely visual context. In particular, current models fail to infer shared concepts from sets of example images and apply them to new inputs. We introduce Visual Concept Inference from Sets (VICIS), a task that evaluates this capability. Given a small context set of images sharing a concept and a query image, the model must generate new image
GestaltMML: Enhancing Rare Genetic Disease Diagnosis through Multimodal Machine Learning Combining Facial Images and Clinical Text
arXiv:2312.15320v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Individuals with suspected rare genetic disorders often undergo multiple clinical evaluations, imaging studies, laboratory tests, and genetic tests over a prolonged period of time, a process commonly described as the diagnostic odyssey. Addressing this odyssey has substantial clinical, psychosocial, and economic benefits. Many rare genetic diseases have distinctive facial features that artificial intelligence algorithms can use to facili
Fortifying Fully Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Super-Resolution Using Divergence Measures
arXiv:2404.06294v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Super-Resolution (SR) is a time-hallowed image processing problem that aims to improve the quality of a Low-Resolution (LR) sample up to the standard of its High-Resolution (HR) counterpart. We aim to address this by introducing Super-Resolution Generator (SuRGe), a fully-convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based architecture for SR. We show that distinct convolutional features obtained at increasing depths of a GAN genera
TiROD: Tiny Robotics Dataset and Benchmark for Continual Object Detection
arXiv:2409.16215v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Detecting objects with visual sensors is crucial for numerous mobile robotics applications, from autonomous navigation to inspection. However, robots often need to operate under significant domains shifts from those they were trained in, requiring them to adjust to these changes. Tiny mobile robots, subject to size, power, and computational constraints, face even greater challenges when running and adapting detection models on low-resolu
Mitigating Covariate Shift in Imitation Learning for Autonomous Vehicles Using Latent Space Generative World Models
arXiv:2409.16663v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose the use of latent space generative world models to address the covariate shift problem in autonomous driving. A world model is a neural network capable of predicting an agent's next state given past states and actions. By leveraging a world model during training, the driving policy effectively mitigates covariate shift without requiring an excessive amount of training data. During end-to-end training, our policy learns how to
Cell as Point: One-Stage Framework for Efficient Cell Tracking
arXiv:2411.14833v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Conventional multi-stage cell tracking approaches rely heavily on detection or segmentation in each frame as a prerequisite, requiring substantial resources for high-quality segmentation masks and increasing the overall prediction time. To address these limitations, we propose CAP, a novel end-to-end one-stage framework that reimagines cell tracking by treating Cell as Point. Unlike traditional methods, CAP eliminates the need for explic
Token Communications: A Large Model-Driven Framework for Cross-modal Context-aware Semantic Communications
arXiv:2502.12096v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we introduce token communications (TokCom), a large model-driven framework to leverage cross-modal context information in generative semantic communications (GenSC). TokCom is a new paradigm, motivated by the recent success of generative foundation models and multimodal large language models (GFM/MLLMs), where the communication units are tokens, enabling efficient transformer-based token processing at the transmitter and r
Region-Aware Multimodal Large Language Model via SlowFast Tokenization and Pseudo-Mask Guidance for 3D CT Report Generation
arXiv:2506.23102v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Current CT report generation frameworks predominantly rely on global feature representations, often failing to capture region-specific details and potentially missing certain abnormalities. To overcome this limitation, we propose MedRegion-CT, a region-focused multimodal large language model framework featuring three key innovations. First, we revisit the SlowFast strategy to jointly model global and fine-grained information and adapt it
Ask-to-Clarify: Resolving Instruction Ambiguity through Multi-turn Dialogue
arXiv:2509.15061v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Embodied agents are intelligent systems designed to perceive, reason, and act within the physical world. While the robotics community has long strived to build such versatile agents, a fundamental limitation persists: most current VLA-based models operate under a rigid ``Listen-and-Act'' paradigm. These systems assume instructions are unambiguous and execute them in a passive fashion, preventing them from resolving uncertainty through di
ControlHair: Synergizing Physics Simulator and Video Diffusion for Controllable Dynamic Hair Rendering
arXiv:2509.21541v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Hair simulation and rendering are challenging due to complex strand dynamics, diverse material properties, and intricate light-hair interactions. Recent video diffusion models can generate high-quality videos, but they lack fine-grained control over hair dynamics. We present ControlHair, a hybrid framework that integrates a physics simulator with conditional video diffusion to enable precise and controllable dynamic hair rendering. Contr
MACS: Measurement-Aware Consistency Sampling for Inverse Problems
arXiv:2510.02208v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative priors for solving inverse imaging problems. However, their practical deployment is hindered by the substantial computational cost of slow, multi-step sampling. Although Consistency Models (CMs) address this limitation by enabling high-quality generation in only one or a few steps, their direct application to inverse problems has remained largely unexplored. This paper introduces a mod
From World Models to World Action Models: A Concise Tutorial for Robotics
arXiv:2607.00836v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: World models are increasingly used in embodied intelligence and generative simulation, yet their scope remains ambiguous across communities. This tutorial presents a design-space view of world models as action-conditioned predictive models that estimate the future evolution of task-relevant observations or states. We categorize existing methods into observation-space and state-space world models, comparing their trade-offs in visual fide
Cheap Code, Costly Judgment: A Case Study on Governable Agentic Software Engineering
arXiv:2607.01087v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Generative AI is shifting software engineering from a practice organized around scarce implementation effort toward one organized around abundant, low-cost code production. This shift changes the central engineering problem: not whether AI can generate useful code, but how engineers organize architectures, tools, evidence, and feedback loops so that AI-mediated development remains inspectable, correctable, and maintainable. We study th
Spin-Weighted Spherical Harmonics Enable Complete and Scalable $\mathrm{E}(3)$-Equivariant Networks
arXiv:2607.01408v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: $\mathrm{E}(3)$-equivariant networks are promising for 3D atomistic system modeling, yet their scalability is limited by the $O(L^6)$ complexity of the Clebsch-Gordan Tensor Product (CGTP). The recently proposed Gaunt Tensor Product (GTP) reduces the complexity but is unable to capture the antisymmetric paths, resulting in incomplete expressivity. In this work, we present SpinGTP, an approach to overcome the GTP incompleteness by general
Predicting Closed-Loop Performance of Latent World Models: Offline Checkpoint Selection for MPC and Model-Based RL Under Non-Markovian Rewards in LunarLander
arXiv:2607.01736v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study how to predict the downstream closed-loop performance of a learned latent world model from validation-time diagnostics alone. Choosing the right checkpoint from a world-model training run is difficult: validation loss and multi-step prediction RMSE keep improving long after closed-loop performance has collapsed. We present a suite of structural validation-time diagnostics drawn from optimal-control theory and apply them to Gymna
AI Virtue: What is "Good" Knowledge in the Age of Artificial Intelligence?
arXiv:2607.01776v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In the age of AI, what will be good knowledge? This article, which is accepted and forthcoming in a special issue of Modern Fiction Studies on "Cultural AI" in 2027, applies digital humanities methods to map epistemic virtues (like "true," "accurate," "creative") used in a corpus of 553 journal articles on AI published in 2024. "Creativity" comes in for special attention as an example. Exploring this discourse of value, the article consi
kNNGuard: Turning LLM Hidden Activations into a Training-Free Configurable Guardrail
arXiv:2607.02072v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in domains requiring guardrails to detect unsafe, off-topic, or adversarial prompts. Existing guardrails predominantly rely on fine-tuning to build classifiers, which often suffer from low generalization and high inference latency. We present kNNGuard, a training-free guardrail that utilizes the activation space of an off-the-shelf LLM. Given a small bank of 50 safe and unsafe prompt
Guided Action Flow: Q-Guided Inference for Flow-Matching Vision-Language-Action Policies
arXiv:2607.02092v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Flow-matching vision-language-action policies generate robot action chunks through an iterative transport process, creating an opportunity for test-time guidance without retraining the base policy. We study this opportunity in Guided Action Flow, an inference-time framework that keeps a pretrained SmolVLA policy frozen and uses a learned action-chunk critic to guide its reverse-time flow sampler. The critic is trained from real success a
ART for Diffusion Sampling: Continuous-Time Control and Actor-Critic Learning
arXiv:2607.02137v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study timestep allocation for score-based diffusion sampling, where a learned reverse-time dynamics is discretized on a finite grid. Uniform and hand-crafted schedules are standard choices, but they rely on fixed prescriptions and can therefore be suboptimal. To address this limitation, we propose Adaptive Reparameterized Time (ART), a continuous-time control formulation that learns a time change by treating the speed of the sampling
Understanding Agent-Based Patching of Compiler Missed Optimizations
arXiv:2607.02370v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Compiler missed optimizations refer to cases in which compilers failed to optimize certain code. It takes many compiler developers' efforts to implement or patch such missed optimizations. In this paper, we present a systematic study of how well agents patch compiler missed optimizations. We identify a significant challenge that patching a missed optimization requires more than just fixing the reported case, and instead requires generali
DemoPSD: Disagreement-Modulated Policy Self-Distillation
arXiv:2607.02502v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) has emerged as a practical method for training large language models (LLMs) to reason, where a single model acts as both the teacher and the student with different levels of information access. However, recent studies have found that the teacher's dense token-level supervision, conditioned on privileged information, can lead to overfitting to in-domain patterns, suppress exploration, and hurt cross-doma
SMF-VO: Direct Ego-Motion Estimation via Sparse Motion Fields
arXiv:2511.09072v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traditional Visual Odometry (VO) and Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) methods rely on a 'pose-centric' paradigm, which computes absolute camera poses from the local map thus requires large-scale landmark maintenance and continuous map optimization. This approach is computationally expensive, limiting their real-time performance on resource-constrained devices. To overcome these limitations, we introduce Sparse Motion Field Visual Odometry
BrainNormalizer: Anatomy-Informed Pseudo-Healthy Brain Reconstruction from Tumor MRI via Edge-Guided ControlNet
arXiv:2511.12853v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Brain tumors induce complex structural deformations that obscure the patient' s original neuroanatomy, making it difficult to distinguish tumor-induced changes from inherent anatomical variability. Reconstructing a subject-specific pseudo-healthy brain can provide a critical reference for such analysis, but this task is inherently counterfactual, as paired pre-tumor scans and explicit healthy guidance are unavailable. We propose BrainNor
IndustryNav: Exploring Spatial Reasoning of Embodied Agents in Dynamic Industrial Navigation
arXiv:2511.17384v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs) show great promise as embodied agents, they continue to face substantial challenges in spatial reasoning. Existing embodied benchmarks largely focus on passive, static household environments and evaluate isolated capabilities, failing to capture holistic performance in interactive and dynamic complexity of specific domains. To fill this gap, we present IndustryNav, the first dynamic industrial n
MIND-V: Hierarchical World Model for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation with RL-based Physical Alignment
arXiv:2512.06628v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Scalable embodied intelligence is constrained by the scarcity of diverse, long-horizon robotic manipulation data. Existing video world models in this domain are limited to synthesizing short clips of simple actions and often rely on manually defined trajectories. To this end, we introduce MIND-V, a cognitive hierarchical world model designed to synthesize physically plausible and logically coherent videos of long-horizon robotic manipula
AnchorDream: Repurposing Video Diffusion for Embodiment-Aware Robot Data Synthesis
arXiv:2512.11797v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The collection of large-scale and diverse robot demonstrations remains a major bottleneck for imitation learning, as real-world data acquisition is costly and simulators offer limited diversity and fidelity with pronounced sim-to-real gaps. While generative models present an attractive solution, existing methods often alter only visual appearances without creating new behaviors, or suffer from embodiment inconsistencies that yield implau
Towards Spatial Trace with Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Robotics
arXiv:2512.13660v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Spatial tracing, as a fundamental embodied interaction ability for robots, is inherently challenging as it requires multi-step metric-grounded reasoning compounded with complex spatial referring and real-world metric measurement. However, existing methods struggle with this compositional task. To this end, we propose RoboTracer, a 3D-aware VLM that first achieves both 3D spatial referring and measuring via a universal spatial encoder and
Phi-SegNet: Phase-Integrated Supervision for Medical Image Segmentation
arXiv:2601.16064v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep learning has substantially advanced medical image segmentation, yet achieving robust generalization across diverse imaging modalities and anatomical structures remains a major challenge. A key contributor to this limitation lies in how existing architectures, ranging from CNNs to Transformers and their hybrids, primarily encode spatial information while overlooking frequency-domain representations that capture rich structural and te
Think Proprioceptively: State-Grounded Visual Token Selection for VLA Policies
arXiv:2602.06575v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models typically inject proprioception only as a late conditioning signal, preventing robot state from grounding instruction understanding or directing visual attention. We introduce ThinkProprio, which discretizes proprioception into VLM-vocabulary tokens and uses them jointly with the instruction to gate visual patches before VLM computation, steering the model toward action-relevant evidence while discardi
Learning on the Manifold: Unlocking Standard Diffusion Transformers with Representation Encoders
arXiv:2602.10099v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Leveraging representation encoders for generative modeling offers a path for efficient, high-fidelity synthesis. However, standard diffusion transformers fail to converge on these representations directly. While recent work attributes this to a capacity bottleneck proposing computationally expensive width scaling of diffusion transformers we demonstrate that the failure is fundamentally geometric. We identify Geometric Interference as th
Lipschitz-Based Robustness Certification Under Floating-Point Execution
arXiv:2603.13334v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Lipschitz-based robustness certification bounds a network's sensitivity through concrete numerical computation rather than symbolic reasoning, and so scales efficiently. It is increasingly used even where verifiable guarantees matter. Yet, as with most prior work on robustness certification and verification, soundness is typically proved against a semantic model assuming exact real arithmetic. Deployed networks instead execute in floatin
Annotation-free deep learning for detection and segmentation of fetal germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage in brain MRI
arXiv:2605.09575v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Prenatal germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) is a leading cause of infant mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment, yet its manual diagnosis and lesion segmentation on fetal brain MRI are labor-intensive and error-prone. Although supervised deep learning offers potential for automation, it typically requires large amounts of annotated GMH-IVH data, which are challenging to obtain for such a rare condition (0.5-0.9 pe
Private and Stable Test-Time Adaptation with Differential Privacy
arXiv:2606.01908v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Test-time adaptation (TTA) can reduce error on new and different data by updating the model on these inputs during inference. However, these updates raise the issue of privacy w.r.t. the testing data, because the model parameters now depend on all past inputs. To control this privacy risk, we cast multiple popular TTA methods (Tent, EATA, SAR, DeYO, and COME) into differential privacy (DP) forms that apply per-sample gradient clipping an
AudioX-Turbo: A Unified Framework for Efficient Anything-to-Audio Generation
arXiv:2606.12555v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Audio and music generation based on flexible multimodal control signals is a widely applicable topic, with the following key challenges: 1) a unified multimodal modeling framework, 2) large-scale, high-quality training data, and 3) the prohibitive inference cost of multi-step diffusion sampling. As such, we propose AudioX-Turbo, a unified and efficient framework for anything-to-audio generation that integrates varied multimodal condition
Selecting Samples on Graphs: A Unified Dataset Pruning Framework for Lossless Training Acceleration
arXiv:2606.12913v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rapid growth of modern training datasets has significantly increased computational cost, motivating dataset pruning~(DP) methods which retain only a subset of informative samples to reduce training cost. Existing pruning criteria typically rely on either intrinsic signals that assess samples independently or extrinsic signals that promote diversity via pairwise relations. While effective in their own specific regimes, each captur
DC-Motion: Decoupling Structure and Details via Discrete-Continuous Tokens for Human Motion Generation
arXiv:2606.14721v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Text-to-motion generation requires modeling both global action structure and fine-grained motion dynamics from natural language. Existing approaches typically rely on either continuous diffusion models or vector-quantized discrete representations. Diffusion models generate smooth motions but lack explicit compositional structure for temporal planning, while discrete token-based methods improve controllability but compress motion into fin
NormGuard: Reward-Preserving Norm Constraints in Flow-Matching Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2606.27771v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training improves the reward alignment of flow-based generators, but often degrades perceptual quality in ways that are not captured by the reward proxy. We identify a simple structural signature of this drift: across three post-training methods (NFT, AWM, DPO), RL fine-tuning inflates the per-step velocity norm $\|v_\theta\|$ by $5\%$ to $15\%$ relative to the reference. A form of norm inflation has been
BLUE: A Stale-Pixel Optical-Flow Compositor for Entropy-Efficient Surveillance Video Encoding
arXiv:2606.28753v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Continuous-recording surveillance systems face a storage problem that codec tuning alone cannot fully solve: even at aggressive CRF settings, a static-camera scene spends most of its bits re-encoding a background that has not changed. We present BLUE, a pre-encode compositor that exploits this structure by maintaining a persistent seed frame of the background and substituting background pixels with seed pixels before the encoder runs. Th
DL-SLAM: Enabling High-Fidelity Gaussian Splatting SLAM in Dynamic Environments based on Dual-Level Probability
arXiv:2607.01860v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have enabled significant progress in dense dynamic Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM). Prevailing methods typically discard predefined dynamic objects, ignoring that transiently static objects offer valuable geometric constraints for pose estimation. A recent work attempts to leverage this potential by employing per-pixel uncertainty maps to quantify the magnitude of motion. While
Embodied.cpp: A Portable Inference Runtime of Embodied AI Models on Heterogeneous Robots
arXiv:2607.02501v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Embodied AI models now span vision-language-action (VLA) models and world-action models (WAMs), but practical deployment remains fragmented across model-specific Python stacks, backend assumptions, and robot-side glue code, especially on heterogeneous edge devices. Existing inference runtimes are designed mainly for request-response serving and therefore do not satisfy the runtime contract of embodied deployment: multi-rate execution ins
Video-Text Temporal Localization via Multi-Scale Convolution and Dynamic Routing
arXiv:2607.05093v2 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video-text temporal localization requires precise alignment between natural language queries and corresponding video segments, a fundamental challenge in multimodal understanding. We present a novel framework that addresses two critical limitations of existing methods: inadequate modeling of hierarchical temporal structure and inability to handle complex many-to-many correspondences between modalities. Our approach introduces a multi-scale tempora
征程赶超｜WAIC 2026科学智能：AI4S从“辅助计算”到“自主发现”，中国如何重塑全球科研版图？
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征程赶超｜WAIC 2026理论突破：以数理双向赋能为钥，开启AI范式革新新征程
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Claude的脑子里，也长出了一块「意识」
内部发现「类脑空间」，删掉就变傻